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Author Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel (eds)
Title (up) 18th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings Type Conference Volume
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract The theme of ISCRAM 2021 is ?Embracing the Interdisciplinary Nature of Crisis Management.? These

proceedings highlight the range of interdisciplinary research required to understand the design, behavior,

and performance of crisis and emergency management systems. We are pleased to present the included

papers, which offer excellent contributions on a wide range of topics related to the use of information

systems in crisis response and management.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-1-949373-61-5 Medium
Track Proceedings Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2396
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Author Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
Title (up) 19th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings Type Conference Article
Year 2022 Publication ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2022
Volume Issue Pages 1-1080
Keywords
Abstract The theme of ISCRAM 2022 was The Future Vision of Large-scale Crisis Management in a Post-COVID World. These proceedings highlight the range of interdisciplinary research required to understand the design, behavior, and performance of crisis and emergency management systems. We are pleased to present the included papers, which offer excellent contributions on a wide range of topics related to the use of information systems in crisis response and management.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Tarbes, France Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 2411-3387 Medium
Track Proceedings Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2473
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Author Rob Grace; Jess Kropczynski; Andrea Tapia
Title (up) Community Coordination: Cooperative Uses of Social Media in Community Emergency Management Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018
Volume Issue Pages 609-620
Keywords social media, emergency management, community informatics
Abstract Emergency managers continue to struggle with a lack of staff, information processing tools, and sufficient trust in citizen-reported information to coordinate the use of social media in their communities. To understand possibilities for overcoming these barriers, we conduct interviews with emergency managers using scenarios describing the projective activities of community volunteers disseminating and monitoring social media. We find that coordinating social media use in communities requires alignments with local incident management systems and, in particular, existing sociotechnical infrastructure for managing citizen-reported information. These alignments open limited roles for community volunteers, notably coordinating the redistribution of official information; and stand to reshape the workflows and infrastructures of incident management systems by pushing emergency dispatchers to proactively process indirect reports of incidents obtained on social media, and integrate tools that can access hyperlocal data, curate incident and situational reports, and facilitate sensemaking among officials confronted with multiple information sources.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium
Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2135
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Author Rob Grace; Sanjana Gautam; Andrea Tapia
Title (up) Continuity of Operations Planning in Public-Safety Answering Points during the COVID-19 Pandemic Type Conference Article
Year 2023 Publication Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022 Abbreviated Journal Proc. ISCRAM AP 2022
Volume Issue Pages 173-180
Keywords Emergency Management; Business Continuity Planning; Critical Infrastructure; Resilience
Abstract Continuity of Operations (COOP) planning helps ensure that municipal agencies maintain essential functions when disasters threaten critical infrastructures. COOP planning is especially important for Public-Safety Answering Points (PSAPs), which must continue to answer 911 calls and dispatch first responders during crises. However, COOP planning guidelines often focus on threats to cyber-physical infrastructures rather than outbreaks of infectious disease that threaten the human work arrangements—social infrastructures—agencies rely on to perform essential functions. This study reports preliminary findings from interviews with U.S. PSAP officials who developed plans to decentralize 911 facilities, networks, and personnel to maintain essential functions during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest revisions to COOP planning guidelines that consider requirements for redundant, diverse, and interdependent cyber-physical-social infrastructures.
Address Texas Tech University; Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Massey Unversity Place of Publication Palmerston North, New Zealand Editor Thomas J. Huggins, V.L.
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-473-66845-7 Medium
Track Building Disaster Resilience Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2491
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Author Rob Grace
Title (up) Hyperlocal Toponym Usage in Storm-Related Social Media Type Conference Article
Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020
Volume Issue Pages 849-859
Keywords Volunteered Geographic Information, Twitter, Information Behavior, Crisis Informatics, Emergency Management.
Abstract Crisis responders need to locate events reported in social media messages that typically lack geographic metadata such as geotags. Toponyms, places names referenced in messages, provide another source of geographic information, however, the availability and granularity of toponyms in crisis social media remain poorly understood. This study examines toponym usage and granularity across six categories of crisis-related information posted on Twitter during a severe storm. Findings show users often include geographic information in messages describing local and remote storm events but do so rarely when discussing other topics, more often use toponyms than geotags when describing local events, and tend to include fine-grained toponyms in reports of infrastructure damage and service disruption and course-grained toponyms in other kinds of storm-related messages. These findings present requirements for hyperlocal geoparsing techniques and suggest that social media monitoring presents more immediate affordances for course-grained damage assessment than fine-grained situational awareness during a crisis.
Address Texas Tech University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-27-75 ISBN 2411-3461 Medium
Track Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes rob.grace@ttu.edu Approved no
Call Number Serial 2276
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Author Jess Kropczynski; Rob Grace; Julien Coche; Shane Halse; Eric Obeysekare; Aurélie Montarnal; Frederick Bénaben; Andrea Tapia
Title (up) Identifying Actionable Information on Social Media for Emergency Dispatch Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. Abbreviated Journal Iscram Ap 2018
Volume Issue Pages 428-438
Keywords Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), Social Media, Qualitative Coding
Abstract Crisis informatics researchers have taken great interest in methods to identify information relevant to crisis events posted by digital bystanders on social media. This work codifies the information needs of emergency dispatchers and first responders as a method to identify actionable information on social media. Through a design workshop with public safety professionals at a Public-Safety Answering Point (PSAP) in the United States, we develop a set of information requirements that must be satisfied to dispatch first responders and meet their immediate situational awareness needs. We then present a manual coding scheme to identify information satisfying these requirements in social media posts and apply this scheme to fictitious tweets professionals propose as actionable information to better assess ways that this information may be communicated. Finally, we propose automated methods from previous literature in the field that can be used to implement these methods in the future.
Address University of Cincinnati; The Pennsylvania State University; coles des Mines d'Albi Carmaux; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; coles des Mines d'Albi Carmaux; The Pennsylvania State University; coles des Mines d'Albi Carmaux
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Massey Univeristy Place of Publication Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Editor Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Track Social Media and Community Engagement Supporting Resilience Building Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1672
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Author Rob Grace; Shane Halse; Jess Kropczynski; Andrea Tapia; Fred Fonseca
Title (up) Integrating Social Media in Emergency Dispatch via Distributed Sensemaking Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords sensemaking, emergency dispatch, social media, role play
Abstract Emergency dispatchers typically answer 911 calls and relay information to first responders; however, new workflows arise when social media analysts are included in emergency dispatch work. In this study we examine emergency dispatch workflows as distributed sensemaking processes performed among 911 call takers, dispatchers, and social media analysts during simulated emergency dispatch operations. In active shooter and water rescue scenarios, emergency dispatch teams including call takers, dispatchers, and social media analysts make sense of unfolding events by analyzing, aggregating, and synthesizing information provided by 911 callers and social media users during each scenario. Findings from the simulations inform design requirements for social media analysis tools that can help analysts detect, seek, and analyze information posted on social media during a crisis, and protocols for coordinating analysts? sensemaking activities with those of 911 call takers and dispatchers in reconfigured emergency dispatch workflows.
Address Pennsylvania State University, United States of America;University of Cincinnati, United States of America
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1897
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Author Rob Grace; Michelle Potts
Title (up) Opportunities for Multisensor Integration in Public-Safety Answering Points Type Conference Article
Year 2022 Publication ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2022
Volume Issue Pages 895-904
Keywords Emergency response; sensemaking; public safety; remote sensing; emergency management
Abstract Public-Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) coordinate emergency response by gathering critical information from 911 callers for dispatch to first responders. However, PSAPs fail to gather this information if 911 callers are unable, unwilling, or unavailable to report key details about an emergency. To address this problem, early-adopter PSAPs employ communication specialists to gather multimedia information from multiple sensing tools, including automated alarms, cameras, government databases, location systems, open-source websites, social media, and alternative communication channels such as text-to-911. Using preliminary usage data from an early- adopter PSAP, this study identifies 11 breakdowns in 911 call taking that create opportunities for multisensor integration. This study then characterizes use cases for multisensor tools based on usage patterns observed across five incident types. These findings highlight multisensor integration as a critical area for crisis informatics research.
Address Texas Tech University; Chandler Police Department
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Tarbes, France Editor Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-82-8427-099-9 Medium
Track Visions for Future Crisis Management Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2464
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Author Jess Kropczynski; Rob Grace; Shane Halse; Doina Caragea; Cornelia Caragea; Andrea Tapia
Title (up) Refining a Coding Scheme to Identify Actionable Information on Social Media Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Dispatch, Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP), Social Media, Qualitative Coding.
Abstract This paper describes the use of a previously established qualitative coding scheme developed through a design workshop with public safety professionals, and applied the schema to social media data collecting during crises. The intention of applying this scheme to existing crisis datasets was to acquire training data for machine learning. Applying the coding scheme to social media data revealed that additional subcategories of the coding scheme are necessary to satisfy information requirements necessary to dispatch first responders to an incident. The coding scheme was refined and adapted into a set of instructions for qualitative coders on Amazon Mechanical Turk. The contribution of this work is a coding scheme that is more directly related to the information needs of public safety professionals. Implications of early results using the refined coding scheme are discussed in terms of proposed automated methods to identify actionable information for dispatch of first responders during emergency incidents.
Address Uiniversity of Cincinnati, United States of America;The Pennsylvania State University;Kansas State University;University of Illinois at Chicago
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1981
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Author Shane Errol Halse; Rob Grace; Jess Kropczynski; Andrea Tapia
Title (up) Simulating real-time Twitter data from historical datasets Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Twitter, Simulation, Crisis Response, Social Media
Abstract In this paper, we will discuss a system design for simulating social media data based on historical datasets. While many datasets containing data collected from social media during crisis have become publicly available, there is a lack of tools or systems can present this data on the same timeline as it was originally posted. Through the design and use of the tool discussed in this paper, we show how historical datasets can be used for algorithm testing, such as those used in machine learning, to improve the quality of the data. In addition, the use of simulated data also has its benefits in training scenarios, which would allow participants to see real, non-fabricated social media messages in the same temporal manner as found on a social media platform. Lastly, we will discuss the positive reception and future improvements suggested by 911 Public Service Answering Point (PSAP) professionals.
Address PSU, United States of America;University of Cincinnati
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1898
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Author Rob Grace; Jess Kropczynski; Scott Pezanowski; Shane Halse; Prasanna Umar; Andrea Tapia
Title (up) Social Triangulation: A new method to identify local citizens using social media and their local information curation behaviors Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 902-915
Keywords community preparedness; geolocation inference; information infrastructure; social media
Abstract Local citizens can use social media such as Twitter to share and receive critical information before, during, and after emergencies. However, standard methods of identifying local citizens on Twitter discover only a small proportion of local users in a geographic area. To better identify local citizens and their social media sources for local information, we explore the information infrastructure of a local community that is constituted prior to emergencies through the everyday social network curation of local citizens. We hypothesize that investigating social network ties among local organizations and their followers may be key to identifying local citizens and understanding their local information seeking behaviors. We describe Social Triangulation as a method to identify local citizens vis-à-vis the local organizations they follow on Twitter, and evaluate our hypothesis by analyzing users' profile location information. Lastly, we discuss how Social Triangulation might support community preparedness by informing emergency communications planning.
Address The Pennsylvania State University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track Prevention and Preparation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2075
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