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Author Hans Jochen Scholl; Sarah L. Carnes pdf  openurl
  Title Managerial Challenges in Early Disaster Response: The Case of the 2014 Oso/SR530 Landslide Disaster Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 961-972  
  Keywords Incident Command System (ICS); National Incident Management System (NIMS); coordination challenges; resource challenges; training and preparedness challenges; collaboration; communication and information sharing  
  Abstract The larger the scale, scope, and duration of a disaster, the higher is the number of response units. However, with more units involved in the response also the heterogeneity of responder units drastically increases in terms of capabilities, experiences, practices, techniques, tactics, and procedures. As a result, the coordination and overall management of the response becomes an increasingly challenging endeavor. In the response to the 2014 Oso/SR530 landslide disaster in Washington State over one hundred agencies were involved, which presented a huge coordination task for the incident command. This empirical study is exploratory and focuses on the activities and interactions of professional responders, particularly, in the early phases of the response. It amends and complements previous studies on the subject by identifying and describing in detail various challenges in the early response. It also discusses recommendations on how to tackle and potentially mitigate the challenges identified in future responses.  
  Address University of Washington  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Response and Recovery Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2080  
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Author Nadia Saad Noori; Yan Wang; Tina Comes; Philipp Schwarz; Heide Lukosch pdf  openurl
  Title Behind the Scenes of Scenario-Based Training: Understanding Scenario Design and Requirements in High-Risk and Uncertain Environments Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 948-959  
  Keywords Humanitarian simulation exercise; scenario design process; collective learning; interorganizational coordination  
  Abstract Simulation exercises as a training tool for enhancing preparedness for emergency response are widely adopted in disaster management. This paper addresses current scenario design processes, proposes an alternative approach for simulation exercises and introduces a conceptual design of an adaptive scenario generator. Our work is based on a systematic literature review and observations made during TRIPLEX-2016 exercise in Farsund, Norway. The planning process and scenario selection of simulation exercises impact directly the effectiveness of intra- and interorganizational cooperation. However, collective learning goals are rarely addressed and most simulations are focused on institution-specific learning goals. Current scenario design processes are often inflexible and begin from scratch for each exercise. In our approach, we address both individual and collective learning goals and the demand to develop scenarios on different layers of organizational learning. Further, we propose a scenario generator that partly automates the scenario selection and adaptively responds to the exercise evolvement.  
  Address University of Agder; Delft University of Technology  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Prevention and Preparation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2079  
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Author Carolin Klonner; Melanie Eckle; Tomás Usón; Bernhard Höfle pdf  openurl
  Title Quality Improvement of Remotely Volunteered Geographic Information via Country-Specific Mapping Instructions Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 939-947  
  Keywords OpenStreetMap; country-specific mapping instructions; VGI; quality; disaster  
  Abstract Volunteered geographic information can be seen as valuable data for various applications such as within disaster management. OpenStreetMap data, for example, are mainly contributed by remote mappers based on satellite imagery and have increasingly been implemented in response actions to various disasters. Yet, the quality often depends on the local and country-specific knowledge of the mappers, which is required for performing the mapping task. Hence, the question is raised whether there is a possibility to train remote mappers with country-specific mapping instructions in order to improve the quality of OpenStreetMap data. An experiment is conducted with Geography students to evaluate the effect of additional material that is provided in wiki format. Furthermore, a questionnaire is applied to collect participants' socio-demographic information, mapping experience and feedback about the material. This pre-study gives hints for future designs of country-specific mapping instructions as well as the experiment design itself.  
  Address Institute of Geography, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (HAW), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg, Germany  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Prevention and Preparation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2078  
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Author Ulrich Meissen; Frank Fuchs-Kittowski; Michael Jendreck; Stefan Pfennigschmidt; Markus Hardt; Agnès Voisard pdf  openurl
  Title A general system architecture and design for the coordination of volunteers for agile disaster response Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 890-900  
  Keywords Crisis and disaster management; Response; Alerting; Crowdsourcing; Crowdtasking; Volunteer system; Architecture; System design; System test  
  Abstract In the recent decade the evolvement and widespread success of new technologies in particular in the field of computing power, network bandwidth, mobile networks and wearable devices have prepared the foundation for completely new approaches in crisis management. Currently, we are at the edge that such new technologies for crisis management are becoming a real and practically applicable option, e.g. in the field of alerting, crowdsourcing, and crowdtasking. In parallel, we witness in the recent years that citizens are more and more willing to help during crisis and disasters, thus providing a large – yet unused – potential for agile support in disaster preparation and response. In many disaster situations the emergency personnel reach the limits of their capabilities. In particular during the isolation phase the support of such volunteers can be a valuable benefit for disaster response. With the help of new technologies crisis management can provide current on-site information via mobile devices in real time as well as organize and coordinate the activities of the volunteers at specific locations. In this paper we present the results of the research project ENSURE: a general architecture and a system design for the coordination of spontaneous volunteers for agile disaster response. With the expected broader implementation of such systems in disaster management in the future it is inevitable to elaborate such common technological foundations for practical mass applications.  
  Address Fraunhofer FOKUS, Berlin; Fraunhofer FU, Berlin; Fraunhofer HTW, Berlin  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track New Technologies for Crisis Management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2074  
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Author Rob Grace; Jess Kropczynski; Scott Pezanowski; Shane Halse; Prasanna Umar; Andrea Tapia pdf  openurl
  Title Social Triangulation: A new method to identify local citizens using social media and their local information curation behaviors Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 902-915  
  Keywords community preparedness; geolocation inference; information infrastructure; social media  
  Abstract Local citizens can use social media such as Twitter to share and receive critical information before, during, and after emergencies. However, standard methods of identifying local citizens on Twitter discover only a small proportion of local users in a geographic area. To better identify local citizens and their social media sources for local information, we explore the information infrastructure of a local community that is constituted prior to emergencies through the everyday social network curation of local citizens. We hypothesize that investigating social network ties among local organizations and their followers may be key to identifying local citizens and understanding their local information seeking behaviors. We describe Social Triangulation as a method to identify local citizens vis-à-vis the local organizations they follow on Twitter, and evaluate our hypothesis by analyzing users' profile location information. Lastly, we discuss how Social Triangulation might support community preparedness by informing emergency communications planning.  
  Address The Pennsylvania State University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Prevention and Preparation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2075  
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Author FREALLE Noémie; TENA-CHOLLET Florian; SAUVAGNARGUES Sophie pdf  openurl
  Title The key role of animation in the execution of crisis management exercises Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 916-928  
  Keywords Crisis; training; animation; facilitator; scenario  
  Abstract The organizers of crisis management exercises want scenario credible and pedagogical from the beginning until the end. For this reason, they call on an animation team that can use different communication channels. The aim of this article is to understand the different types of animation by analyzing the professional experience of the facilitators and the type of casting that can be done. Finally, a definition of four levels of animation is proposed. These levels are associated with different types of messages and rhythm settings. The main objective is to improve the execution of the scenario during a crisis management training.  
  Address Mines Alès  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Prevention and Preparation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2076  
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Author Tilo Mentler pdf  openurl
  Title Applying Usability Engineering to Interactive Systems for Crisis and Disaster Management Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 929-938  
  Keywords Usability Engineering; Risk Management; Medical Devices; User-Centered System Design  
  Abstract Crisis and disaster management are increasingly characterized by interactive systems intended to be valuable support for professionals and volunteers in preventing, preparing for, responding to and recovering from major incidents and accidents. Therefore, usability in terms of safe and efficient usage of computer-based solutions becomes a crucial factor for successful crisis and disaster management. In order to ensure usability, it has to be addressed systematically throughout any development process. In this paper, established engineering approaches to crisis and disaster management systems are summarized. Subsequently, resemblances (e.g. diversity of users and devices) and differences (e.g. scalability) between safety-critical contexts of medical device design and crisis management are outlined. Following this, recommendations for applying usability engineering processes to disaster management are derived from standards and guidelines according to medical device design (IEC 62366-1:2015, ISO 14971:2007). Particularly, relationships and interactions between usability engineering and risk managements measures (e.g. hazard-related use scenarios) are described.  
  Address Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems (IMIS), University of Luebeck, Germany  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Prevention and Preparation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2077  
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Author Fatemeh Hendijani Fard; Cooper Davies; Frank Mauer pdf  openurl
  Title Agile Emergency Responses Using Collaborative Planning HTN Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 857-867  
  Keywords Collaborative emergency response planning; emergency operations center; emergency response knowledge base; decision support systems; hierarchical task network  
  Abstract Emergency response planning is a complex task due to multiple organizations involved, different planning considerations, etc. Using artificial intelligence collaborative planning helps in the automatic planning for complex situations. Analyzing all impacting factors along with plans that are executable can facilitate the decision making in Emergency Operations Centers for an agile emergency response. A main component of a planner is a knowledge base. Although many systems are developed to support decision making in emergency response or recovery, they either focus on specific or small organizations, or rely on simulations. To the best of our knowledge, there is a gap that there is no common knowledge base for provincial level mass emergencies for automatic planners. The multiplicity of the emergency response documents and their structure makes the knowledge acquisition complex. In this paper, we explain the process of extracting knowledge based on hierarchical task networks and how it speeds up the reactivity to a disaster.  
  Address University of Calgary – Calgary AB  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track New Technologies for Crisis Management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2071  
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Author Ilona Heldal; Cecilia Hammar Wijkmark pdf  openurl
  Title Simulations and Serious Games for Firefighter Training: Users' Perspective Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Informatin Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 868-878  
  Keywords Emergency management; firefighter; user; training; simulation; serious games  
  Abstract Simulation and serious games (SSG) are advocated as promising technologies supporting training in emergency management (EM). Based on an investigation of SSG use for fire fighter training in nine countries, this paper is examining key elements and success factors that can counteract potential obstacles and challenges of SSG implementation. Data comes from interviews and observations with users and responsible managers from user organizations. By contrasting the different incentives and views regarding the SSG use, this paper contributes to a better understanding of SSG integration into organizational practices. Only by connecting the local, organizational strategies and user requirements with technical values and concrete examples can the SSG usage be experienced as successful. This connection requirement is by far not obvious since values are formulated differently by the main stakeholders and the benefits at one organization are not necessarily the same as at another. In this context, the added values of SSG solutions need to be more explicitly connected to the goals of traditional classroom and live training.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track New Technologies for Crisis Management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2072  
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Author B. Betting; E. Varea; B. Patte-Rouland pdf  openurl
  Title Smoke dynamics in compartment fires: large scale experiments and numerical simulations Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 879-889  
  Keywords Compartments fire, numerical simulations, FDS, smoke dynamics  
  Abstract Today, during compartments fire, the decision-making of the rescue teams is mainly based on human decisions, which are the results of gathered experiences. However, a perfect knowledge of the situation, its evolution over time and the dangers that may appear is impossible. The transition between a localized fire and a generalized fire can take several forms. One of the most important vectors in the propagation of combustion for compartment fires is smoke due to its high temperature and the large amounts of energy it contains. Despite its extreme danger, smoke remains important to study because it convey valuable information, especially on the appearance of thermal phenomena feared by firemen. To carry out this study, a large scale experimental cell is used. A burner fueled with propane produces hot fumes in a so-called “real fire” configuration. All the measurements carried out are compared with LES (Large Eddy Simulation) simulations of the experiment using FDS. The numerical component allows defining scenarios (fire fully developed, fire under ventilated ...), which are verified by the experiments. The dual competence numerical /experimental data is essential in this type of study since the experimental data suffer from a lack of resolution (spatial, temporal) but nevertheless represent information necessary for validating the codes.  
  Address Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, CORIA, 76000 Rouen, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track New Technologies for Crisis Management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2073  
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Author José H. Canós; Diego Piedrahita pdf  openurl
  Title Emergency Plans are Software, too Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 374-379  
  Keywords Emergency Plan Engineering; Emergency Plan Management; Software Engineering  
  Abstract In one of the most influential papers in the history of Software Engineering, L.Osterweil analyzed the nature of both software and software development processes to conclude that the latter shared many characteristics with the former and, as a consequence, software development principles and techniques could be applied in the definition and exploitation of processes. Here, we do an imitation exercise to claim that emergency plans are advanced software artifacts and, hence, modern software development principles, methods, techniques and tools can be used in their development and enactment. We advocate for a change of paradigm in which the idea of emergency plans as text-based documents is replaced by that of active, complex digital objects with state and behavior that drive emergency response processes, and also several preparedness activities such as drills and training exercises. These new plans are the result of a systematic process we call Emergency Plan Engineering.  
  Address ISSI-DSIC,Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022, Valencia, Spain; Indea Ingeniería de Aplicaciones S.L., Leonardo da Vinci, nº 18, Parque Tecnológico, E46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Planning, Foresight and Risk analysis Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2026  
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Author Gary Bennett; Lili Yang; Boyka Simeonova pdf  openurl
  Title A Heuristic Approach to Flood Evacuation Planning Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 380-388  
  Keywords Flood Evacuation Planning; Heuristic; Deterministic; Multi-objective optimization  
  Abstract Flood evacuation planning models are an important tool used in preparation for flooding events. Authorities use the plans generated by flood evacuation models to evacuate the population as quickly as possible. Contemporary models consider the whole solution space and use a stochastic search to explore and produce solutions. The one issue with stochastic approaches is that they cannot guarantee the optimality of the solution and it is important that the plans be of a high quality. We present a heuristically driven flood evacuation planning model; the proposed heuristic is deterministic, which allows the model to avoid this problem. The determinism of the model means that the optimality of solutions found can be readily verified.  
  Address School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, United Kingdom  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Planning, Foresight and Risk analysis Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2027  
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Author Alexander Gabriel; Simon Schleiner; Florian Brauner; Florian Steyer; Verena Gellenbeck; Ompe Aimé Mudimu pdf  openurl
  Title Process modelling of physical and cyber terrorist attacks on networks of public transportation infrastructure Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 390-399  
  Keywords Cyber-attack; (counter-)terrorism; process modelling; decision support; critical infrastructure  
  Abstract Recent events have demonstrated the vulnerability of IT-systems of different companies, organisations or even governments to hacker attacks. Simultaneously, information technologies have become increasingly established and important for institutions of various branches. With respect to modern terrorism developments, cyber-attacks may be used to physically harm critical infrastructures. This leads to a new dimension of cyber-attacks called “terrorist cyber-attacks”. This research-in-progress paper aims to develop a process model for data acquisition and support of decision making that seeks to enhance the security of public transportation in the context of counterterrorism. Therefore, a generic process model for terrorist cyber-attacks – produced in the research project RE(H)STRAIN1 – is intro-duced as a basis for a decision support system (DSS). In the future, such models could improve the decision process by comparing the effectiveness of different security measures.  
  Address TH Koeln – University of Applied Sciences; University of Wuppertal  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Protection Models For Complex Critical Infrastructures Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2028  
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Author Sadeeb Ottenburger; Thomas Münzberg pdf  openurl
  Title An Approach for Analyzing the Impacts of Smart Grid Topologies on Critical Infrastructure Resilience Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 400-411  
  Keywords Smart Grids; Urban Resilience; Agent Based Simulation; Critical Infrastructure Protection; Decision Support  
  Abstract The generation and supply of electricity is currently about to undergo a fundamental transition that includes extensive development of smart grids. Smart grids are huge and complex networks consisting of a vast number of devices and entities which are connected with each other. This fact opens new variations of disruption scenarios which can increase the vulnerability of a power distribution network. However, the network topology of a smart grid has significant effects on urban resilience particularly referring to the adequate provision of vital services of critical infrastructures. An elaborated topology of smart grids can increase urban resilience. In this paper, we discuss the role of smart grids, give research impulses for examining diverse smart grid topologies and for evaluating their impacts on urban resilience by using an agent based simulation approach which considers smart grid topology as a model parameter.  
  Address Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Protection Models For Complex Critical Infrastructures Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2029  
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Author Andreas Lotter; Florian Brauner; Alexander Gabriel; Frank Fiedrich; Stefan Martini pdf  openurl
  Title New Decision-Support Framework for Strengthening Disaster Resilience in Cross-Border Areas Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 412-419  
  Keywords Cross-border events; cross-border resilience; information management; interorganizational cooperation; disaster resilience  
  Abstract The improvement of disaster resilience in cross-border areas causes special challenges. Involved countries use different structures in their civil protection systems and have to work together facing more difficult conditions than in local incidents. Furthermore, in the past involved countries mainly worked individually and focused on the concerned areas in their territories regardless transnational activities. The project INCA will develop a resilience framework to support decision-makers. The framework will focus on information management, the implementation of volunteers and the needs of citizens who are receiving medical care. Therefore, a case study region on the German-French border was defined and a scenario-based approach will be used to investigate resilience opportunities through disaster collaboration. The tested scenario is a transnational long-lasting power-outage in the German-French region.  
  Address University of Wuppertal, Germany; TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences, Germany  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Protection Models For Complex Critical Infrastructures Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2030  
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Author Veronika Zettl; Thomas Ludwig; Christoph Kotthaus; Sascha Skudelny pdf  openurl
  Title Embedding Unaffiliated Volunteers in Crisis Management Systems: Deploying and Supporting the Concept of Intermediary Organizations Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 421-431  
  Keywords Crisis; Disaster Control; Civil Society; Embedding Unaffiliated and Spontaneous Volunteers; Intermediary Organizations  
  Abstract Citizens engaging in crisis management spontaneously and without affiliation to an (honorary) aid organization are a social phenomenon on the rise. Even though public engagement is desirable, it receives mixed reactions by crisis management experts. They claim that “the crowd” has to be managed to ensure a successful crisis response and recovery, leading to high coordination efforts which cannot be achieved by the authorities. To understand the obstacles in cooperation and to overcome them better, this study examines existing patterns of cooperation. The study employed in-depth interviews (n=13) in two use cases (flooding, n=4; migrant crisis, n=9) with public authorities, aid organizations and engaged citizens. Results indicate that collaboration works successfully when an intermediary organization bridges the coordination gap between authorities and the public. In addition to the concept of intermediary organizations, two ICT approaches supporting collaboration in crisis events are described: Public Displays and the so-called 'Security Arena'.  
  Address University of Stuttgart IAT; University of Siegen  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Resilience engineering and management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2031  
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Author Kouji Kishi; Naoko Kosaka; Tsuneko Kura; Tomohiro Kokogawa pdf  openurl
  Title Study on Integrated Risk-Management Support System Application to Emergency Management for Cyber Incidents Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 432-444  
  Keywords Emergency Management; ISO22320; Incident response; Emergency Operations Center  
  Abstract We have been studying the standardization of an emergency-management support system mainly for natural disasters at the local-government level. The system provides information from three viewpoints, “Plan: What should we do?”, “Do: What are we doing?”, and “See: What kind of situations are we in?” to support decision making at an emergency operations center. Rapid and accurate judgment prevents the occurrence of new damage and the expansion of damage, and as a result resilience will increase. We investigated its applicability to emergency management for cyber incidents through a cyber-defense exercise.  
  Address NTT Secure Platform Laboratories, Japan  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Resilience engineering and management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2032  
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Author Nicolas Serrano; Josune Hernantes; Tim A. Majchrzak; Mihoko Sakurai pdf  openurl
  Title Resilience Information Portal Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 445-456  
  Keywords Resilience; portal; information system; CMS; software development  
  Abstract The Smart Mature Resilience Project is a European research Project aimed at developing a Resilience Management Guideline. The guideline is composed of five tools developed in the project. They help to determine the level of resilience of a city and how to improve it. The Resilience Information Portal, one of these five tools, must support and integrate the different tools. It is also used as an engagement and communication tool. The tool had to be built before the finalization of the requirements, so a double approach was pursued in this project. First, a fast prototype was built based on a CMS, and second, a solution was built from scratch. The paper explains this process, compare both approaches, and how the long way can be more efficient. The final version has shown to be easy to use, and powerful enough to respond to the requirements of the users of the portal.  
  Address Tecnun, University of Navarra; CIEM, University of Agder  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Resilience engineering and management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2033  
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Author Ivison C. Rubim; Marcos R. S. Borges pdf  openurl
  Title The Resilience and Its Dimensions Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 457-463  
  Keywords Complexity; Complex Systems; Emergency; Resilience; Information integration; Information system; Systems integration  
  Abstract Resilience has become a concept extensively used by several areas of knowledge. However, there is no method, widely recognized capable of measuring resilient behavior. Therefore, this exploratory work aims to present a set of dimensions capable of delimiting metrics in order to measure a resilient attitude. For that, we analyzed some scientific papers considered relevant by the academic community. In this work we follow an analytical flow seeking to conceptualize resilience and situate it in the context of complex systems. This analysis allowed the discovery of some characteristics regarding resilience, fundamental for the proposition of the presented dimensions. Finally, we present a conceptual map that brings together the elicited dimensions.  
  Address Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Resilience engineering and management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2034  
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Author Nawel Amokrane; Nicolas Daclin pdf  openurl
  Title Deducing Complex Scenarios for Resilience Analysis: Application to the Franco-German High Speed Train Network Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 464-474  
  Keywords Resilience; transportation infrastructure; scenario modelling; terrorist attack; risk assessment  
  Abstract The present work is part of the project RE(H)STRAIN1 which investigates security and its impact on the resilience of the Franco-German high-speed train network in case of terrorist attacks. To improve the capacity of this network to recover a normal functioning after a terrorist attack, appropriate security measures must be determined. To do so, the project investigates, in a scenario-driven holistic approach the entire terrorist sphere of possible actions. Terrorism threat is first defined as a set of single attacks called vignette attacks represented by the triplet actor – weapon – target, then complex attack scenarios are built considering combination rules detailed in this article. In this regard, this work aims at providing end-users with an approach to automatically deduce a set of formalized, consistent and plausible complex attack scenarios to allow in further steps to analyze and improve the resilience level of the high-speed train transportation infrastructure.  
  Address Lgi2p – Ema  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Resilience engineering and management Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2035  
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Author Sofia Eleni Spatharioti; Rebecca Govoni; Jennifer S. Carrera; Sara Wylie; Seth Cooper pdf  openurl
  Title A Required Work Payment Scheme for Crowdsourced Disaster Response: Worker Performance and Motivations Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Iformation Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 475-488  
  Keywords crowdsourcing; Amazon Mechanical Turk; payment; motivation; required work  
  Abstract Crowdsourcing is an increasingly popular approach for processing data in response to disasters. While volunteer crowdsourcing may suÿce for high-profile disasters, paid crowdsourcing may be necessary to recruit workers for less prominent events. Thus, understanding the impact of payment schemes on worker behavior and motivation may improve outcomes. In this work, we presented workers recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk with a disaster response task in which they could provide a variable number of image ratings. We paid workers a fixed amount to provide a minimum number of image ratings, allowing them to voluntarily provide more if desired; this allowed us to examine the impact of dierent amounts of required work. We found that requiring no ratings resulted in workers voluntary completing more work, and being more likely to indicate motivation related to interest on a post survey, than when small numbers of ratings were required. This is consistent with the motivational crowding-out eect, even in paid crowdsourcing. We additionally found that providing feedback on progress positively impacted the amount of work done.  
  Address Northeastern University; Michigan State University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2036  
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Author Sofia Eleni Spatharioti; Seth Cooper pdf  openurl
  Title On Variety, Complexity, and Engagement in Crowdsourced Disaster Response Tasks Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 489-498  
  Keywords crowdsourcing; Amazon Mechanical Turk; variety; complexity; engagement  
  Abstract Crowdsourcing is used to enlist workers as a resource for a variety of applications, including disaster response. However, simple tasks such as image labeling often feel monotonous and lead to worker disengagement. This provides a challenge for designing successful crowdsourcing systems. Existing research in the design of work indicates that task variety is a key factor in worker motivation. Therefore, we asked Amazon Mechanical Turk workers to complete a series of disaster response related subtasks, consisting of either image labeling or locating photographed areas on a map. We varied the frequency at which workers encountered the dierent subtask types, and found that switching subtask type at dierent frequencies impacted measures of worker engagement. This indicates that a certain amount of variety in subtasks may engage crowdsourcing workers better than uniform subtask types.  
  Address Northeastern University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2037  
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Author Dat T. Nguyen; Firoj Alam; Ferda Ofli; Muhammad Imran pdf  openurl
  Title Automatic Image Filtering on Social Networks Using Deep Learning and Perceptual Hashing During Crises Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 499-511  
  Keywords social media; image processing; supervised classification; disaster management  
  Abstract The extensive use of social media platforms, especially during disasters, creates unique opportunities for humanitarian organizations to gain situational awareness and launch relief operations accordingly. In addition to the textual content, people post overwhelming amounts of imagery data on social networks within minutes of a disaster hit. Studies point to the importance of this online imagery content for emergency response. Despite recent advances in the computer vision field, automatic processing of the crisis-related social media imagery data remains a challenging task. It is because a majority of which consists of redundant and irrelevant content. In this paper, we present an image processing pipeline that comprises de-duplication and relevancy filtering mechanisms to collect and filter social media image content in real-time during a crisis event. Results obtained from extensive experiments on real-world crisis datasets demonstrate the significance of the proposed pipeline for optimal utilization of both human and machine computing resources.  
  Address Qatar Computing Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha, Qatar  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2038  
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Author Francesca Comunello; Simone Mulargia pdf  openurl
  Title A #cultural_change is needed. Social media use in emergency communication by Italian local level institutions Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 512-521  
  Keywords Social media; local level; emergency communication; barriers  
  Abstract We discuss the results of a research project aimed at exploring the use of social media in emergency communication by officers operating at a local level. We performed 16 semi-structured interviews with national level expert informants, and with officers operating at the municipality and province (prefectures) level in an Italian region (respondents were selected based on their involvement in emergency communication and/or emergency management processes). Social media usage appears distributed over a continuum of engagement, ranging from very basic usage to using social media by adopting a broadcasting approach, to deeper engagement, which also includes continuous interaction with citizens. Two main attitudes emerge both in the narrative style and in social media representations: some respondents seem to adopt an institutional attitude, while others adopt a practical-professional attitude. Among the main barriers to a broader adoption of social media, cultural considerations seem to prevail, along with the lack of personnel, a general concern toward social media communication reliability, and the perceived distance between the formal role of institutions and the informal nature of social media communication.  
  Address LUMSA University, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Italy  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2039  
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Author Laura Petersen; Laure Fallou; Paul Reilly; Elisa Serafinelli pdf  openurl
  Title Public expectations of social media use by critical infrastructure operators in crisis communication Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 522-531  
  Keywords Social media; traditional media; crisis communication; critical infrastructure operators; public expectations  
  Abstract Previous research into the role of social media in crisis communication has tended to focus on how sites such as Twitter are used by emergency managers rather than other key stakeholders, such as critical infrastructure (CI) operators. This paper adds to this emergent field by empirically investigating public expectations of informatio provided by CI operators during crisis situations. It does so by drawing on key themes that emerged from a review of the literature on public expectations of disaster related information shared via social media, and presenting the results of an online questionnaire-based study of disaster-vulnerable communities in France, Norway, Portugal and Sweden. Results indicate that members of the public expect CI operators to provide disaster related information via traditional and social media and to respond to their queries on social media. CI operators should avail of the opportunities provided by social media to provide real-time information to disaster affected communities.  
  Address European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC); University of Sheffield  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2040  
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