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	Author	Ignacio Aedo; Daniel Sanz; Paloma Díaz; Jorge De Castro
	Title	Modelling emergency response communities using RBAC principles			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	426-434
	Keywords	Access control; Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Development stages; Emergency management systems; Emergency response; Empirical evaluations; Levels of abstraction; Role-based Access Control; User centred design; Web engineering; Management information systems
	Abstract	One of the main design challenges of any Emergency Management System (EMS) is the diversity of users and responsibilities that must be considered. Modelling the access capabilities of different communities of users is a relevant concern for which the RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) paradigm provides flexible and powerful constructs. In this paper we describe how we used an RBAC meta-model to specify at different levels of abstraction the access policy of a specific EMS called ARCE (Aplicación en Red para Casos de Emergencia). This approach has made it possible to face access modelling at earlier development stages, so that stakeholders got involved in analytical and empirical evaluations to test the correctness and effectiveness of the access policy. Moreover, since the RBAC meta-model is embedded into a web engineering method, we put into practice a holistic process which addresses different design perspectives (structure, navigation, presentation, interaction and access) in an integrated way.
	Address	Laboratorio DEI, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; Dirección General de Protección Civil, Ministerio del Interior, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	COMMUNITIES IN EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	257
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	Author	Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad; Tina Comes
	Title	Evaluation Framework for the iTRACK Integrated System			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Evaluation Framework, Software Testing, Software Usability, Software Usefulness, Humanitarian Disaster
	Abstract	Evaluation and testing are major steps in the development of any information system, particularly if it is to be used in high-risk contexts such as conflicts. While thus far there are various approaches for testing against technology requirements; usability or usefulness, there is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation framework that combines the three elements. The lack of such a framework and commonly agreed standards constitutes a barrier for innovation, and at the same time imposes risks to responders if the technology is introduced without proper testing. This paper aims to close this gap. Based on a reviewing of evaluation methods and measurement metrics, we design a comprehensive evaluation framework including common code quality testing metrics, usability testing methods, subjective usefulness questionnaires, and performance indicators. We demonstrate our approach by using the example of an integrated system for the safety and security of humanitarian missions, and we highlight how our approach allows measuring the system?s quality and usefulness.
	Address	Centre for Integrated Emergency Management (CIEM), University of Agder, Norway
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T12- Tool Talks	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1869
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	Author	Alva Linhagen; Anton Björnqvist; Peter Berggren
	Title	A Meta-evaluation of Swedish Evaluations of COVID-19 Pandemic Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	349-361
	Keywords	COVID-19; crisis management; meta-evaluation
	Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact om society. Different countries and organizations have chosen different approaches to manage this crisis. This paper aims to describes how public Swedish actors (county administrative boards, municipalities, and regional councils) evaluated their management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the paper aims to suggest improvements for crisis management strategies. Applying a meta-evaluation approach to open reports from the public organizations means collecting evaluation reports, determining if they fit the inclusion criteria, and if so, include them in the analysis. Included reports were categorized and given points indicating different types of merits. In addition, a thematic analysis of conclusions was conducted. 110 evaluation reports from 98 different organizations are included in the analysis. The importance of evaluating, having a structure for data collection, analysis, and reporting is reflected in the quality of the reports. Four identified themes offer an understanding of areas in need for development among Swedish regional councils, municipalities, and county administrative boards.
	Address	Linköping University; Linköping University; Linköping University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Agder (Norway)	Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2423
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	Author	Ana-Gabriela Núñez; Mª Carmen Penadés; José H. Canós
	Title	QuEP: Building a Continuous Improvement of Emergency Plans Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Emergency Plans Management; Maturity Levels; Expert Evaluation
	Abstract	While different governments worldwide have published sets of recommendations-or even laws-for increasing preparedness, a reference framework to assess the level of compliance of organizations is still to come. For instance, emergency plans often remain stored in closets where they stay until some emergency or major legal change occurs. Consequently, achieving actual preparedness is difficult to assess. QuEP is a framework for the assessment and improvement of the management of emergency plans within organizations. It is inspired by the Total Quality Management strategy, and provides a hierarchy of emergency plan management maturity levels. The aim of QuEP is to guide organizations to assess and improve their emergency preparedness by following a set of principles, practices and techniques at the technical, human and strategic levels. In this paper, we show the model underlying the framework, and give details of the current framework evaluation processes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3407	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-28	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	1347
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	Author	Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë; Wenxin Mu
	Title	Towards a Context-Aware Systemic Risk Management Framework for the Crisis Response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1122-1129
	Keywords	Context-Awareness; Risk Analysis; Risk Evaluation; Knowledge Base; Systemic Risk
	Abstract	Crisis response is, as any other collaborative networked organization, challenged by changes and vulnerabilities. Moreover, as a complex system with distributed activities and numerous interdependencies, considering the risk of such an organization at a systemic level, including time and space dimensions, is necessary. Systemic risk management is a topic traditionally studied in the finance area. Even if a few researches now focus on the supply chain management area (a more relatable domain regarding crisis response), there is even fewer literature regarding systemic risk management for the crisis response. Thus, this paper proposes first to define systemic risk related to the case of the crisis response. Then, a framework for context-aware systemic risk management is presented, to support the design as well as the follow-up of the crisis response, meeting one of the challenges of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
	Address	Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Information Management, Jiao Tong University, Beijing, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-101	ISBN	2411-3487	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	annemarie.barthe@ensiacet.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2302
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	Author	Viveca Asproth; Erik A.M. Borglund; Lena-Maria Öberg
	Title	Exercises for crisis management training in intra-organizational settings			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	105-109
	Keywords	Information systems; Crisis management; Evaluation; Scenario design; Scenarios; Training exercise; Web-based tools; Design
	Abstract	In this article the focus is how to train collaboration and communication between emergency authorities in two countries (Norway and Sweden) by using a web-based tool supporting tabletop like exercises. The exercises are accomplished in three steps: Scenario design; exercise design and realization; and evaluation to examine the results of the exercises and for feedback to new scenario designs. The software ties all three steps together. The process is iterative, and involves users from each emergency authority. The preliminary results after two years show that the approach is promising. To be able to better foresee what will happen during an exercise the need for a simulator has appeared as one desirable and possible direction for further research.
	Address	Mid Sweden University, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Coordination and Collaboration	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	277
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	Author	Astrid Janssen; Hanneke Vreugdenhil
	Title	Objective oriented exercise evaluation with TARCK-it			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2015
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disaster Management; evaluation; exercise; serious gaming
	Abstract	Do we fully utilize the results of disaster management exercises? Do we miss valuable feedback? Many different types of disaster management exercises, command post exercises, tabletop exercises, or serious games have a specific purpose. Generally each exercise is designed to meet its own particular exercise goals. Evaluation of the exercises is achieved in many different ways. Not always guidelines for exercise evaluation are present. Generally the exercise participants? performance is assessed by experienced staff members. The main purpose of the evaluation is to see whether the exercise goals are met. In this publication the authors suggest that a valuable source of information about the participants? performance in exercises remains often undiscovered. A new level of information can be unlocked by evaluating the exercise using a structured, analytical method. The method TARCK-it directly compares measured participant or team performance with the exercise goals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Agder (UiA)	Place of Publication	Kristiansand, Norway	Editor	L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9788271177881	Medium
	Track	Human Centred Design and Evaluation	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1223
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	Author	Nitesh Bharosa; Marijn Janssen; Harry Bouwman
	Title	Ex-ante evaluation of disaster information systems: A gaming-simulation approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disasters; Information systems; Advantages and pitfalls; Disaster information system; Disaster response; Gaming-simulation; Industrial communities; Information sharing; Is evaluations; Quasi-experiments; Design
	Abstract	Failures in coordination and information sharing between relief agencies have increased the number of calls for innovative information system (IS) designs. While both the academic and the industrial communities have proposed many IS designs, methodologies for the ex-ante evaluation of such IS designs are scarce. Consequently, disaster IS architects are offered little guidance in the ex-ante evaluation process. Not only is it difficult to evaluate IS designs in practice, it is also difficult to include the conditions of disaster situations in the evaluation process. This paper explores the difficulties of ex-ante evaluation and discusses the suitability of the gaming-simulation methodology for the evaluation of principle-based IS designs. Gaming-simulation entails the use of professionals, scenarios and prototypes and can be adapted to a quasi-experimental form enabling researchers to control contextual interferences and rule out alternative explanations. This paper concludes with some discussions on the advantages and pitfalls of employing gaming-simulation for IS evaluation.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Research Methods	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	320
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	Author	Belinda Braunstein; Troy Trimble; Rajesh Mishra; B.S. Manoj; Leslie Lenert; Ramesh R. Rao
	Title	Challenges in using of distributed wireless mesh networks in emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	30-38
	Keywords	Accidents; Computer network performance evaluation; Diseases; Emergency services; Information systems; Wireless mesh networks (WMN); Broadband Communication; Distributed management; Distributed wireless; Hybrid wireless mesh network; Large scale disasters; Performance evaluation; Topology control; Wireless Mesh networks (WMNs); MESH networking
	Abstract	Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are formed by self-organized wireless nodes that use multi-hop wireless relaying. These networks are useable in a variety of situations ranging from fixed residential broadband networking based on rooftop wireless mesh nodes to emergency response networks for handling large scale disasters. Quick deployability, minimal configuration, broadband communication, and easiness of reconfigurability are the major characteristics that make WMNs a suitable choice for emergency applications. There exist several open research issues in using such WMNs for emergency response applications. We, in this paper, present a hybrid distributed wireless networking architecture, Extreme Networking System (ENS), and present large set of performance observations collected from a real distributed hybrid wireless mesh network used for supporting a medical emergency response application. We present the traffic behavior observed in our network when a client server medical emergency response application is employed. The performance observations on real-traffic scenarios for emergency response application underlines the need for focusing further research on topology control, reliability, service availability, and distributed management. We observed that though there are several challenges that need to be solved, a WMN is a favorable choice for emergency response networking.
	Address	CalIT2-UCSD, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0436, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	WORKSHOP ON FUTURE COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	344
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	Author	Brian Tomaszewski; David Schwartz; Joerg Szarzynski
	Title	Crisis Response Serious Spatial Thinking Games: Spatial Think Aloud Study Results			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Spatial Thinking; Serious Games; Crisis Response; Evaluation
	Abstract	We present work on developing and evaluating a serious GIS spatial thinking game called SerGIS. We conducted a spatial think-aloud study with ten participants new to crisis response who used SerGIS with a coastal city hurricane scenario. Four themes emerged from participant responses: processes of reasoning, tools of representation, overlay and dissolve operation, and geographic information concept learning and knowledge gaps. The first three themes match directly with the spatial thinking theory and evaluation underlying SerGIS. The fourth theme identified addresses GIS and spatial thinking crisis response educational issues. Furthermore, statistical evidence indicates there is likely a relationship between participants from spatially-oriented backgrounds (but with no GIS experience) performing better with SerGIS than participants from non-spatial backgrounds. Finally, we found that with a game scenario based on established disaster management practitioner literature, participants could focus on spatial thinking tasks and not be limited by understanding the game scenario itself.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3429	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-50	Medium
	Track	Geospatial Data and Geographical Information Science	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1369
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	Author	Monika Büscher; Preben Holst Mogensen; Margit Kristensen
	Title	When and how (not) to trust IT? Supporting virtual emergency teamwork			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	167-176
	Keywords	Computer architecture; Design; Information systems; Formative evaluation; Innovative technology; Palpable computing; Participatory design; Pervasive computing technology; Situation awareness; Trust in technologies; Virtual team; Ubiquitous computing
	Abstract	In this paper we use the formative evaluation of a prototype 'assembly' of pervasive computing technologies to specify design implications for emergency virtual teamwork tools. The prototype assembly, called “Overview”, was implemented in collaboration with police, fire and medical emergency services as part of the real life event management during the Tall Ships' Races 2007 in Denmark. We describe how the emergency teams used the technologies for collaboration between distributed colleagues, to produce shared situation awareness, to manage efforts and resources and respond to minor emergencies. Trust in technology is a key need virtual teams identify in their endeavours to dovetail innovative technologies into emergency work. We show how practices of working up trust are supported by the PalCom open architecture (which was used to build Overview), and delineate design guidelines to enable the productive integration of pervasive computing.
	Address	University of Lancaster, United Kingdom; University of Aarhus, Denmark
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Virtual Teams and Virtual Communities in Emergency Preparedness and Response	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	357
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	Author	Seyed Hossein Chavoshi; Mahmoud Reza Delavar; Mahdieh Soleimani; Motahareh Chavoshi
	Title	Toward developing an expert GIS for damage evaluation after an earthquake (case study: Tehran)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	734-741
	Keywords	Disasters; Expert systems; Geographic information systems; Information systems; Managers; Damage evaluation; Earthquake disaster; Emergency response; Historical data; Knowledge base; Knowledge-based model; Scientific studies; Strong earthquakes; Earthquakes
	Abstract	In an earthquake disaster, having proper estimation about destructed buildings and the degree of destruction, can considerably facilitate decision-making and planning for disaster managers. Using this information, the managers can estimate disaster area and number of victims to determine and allocate required resources. Scientific studies and historical data show that the faults around Tehran, the capital of Iran, are capable to create strong earthquakes which would bring the largest damages in the world history to the city. So it is necessary to be prepared for a rapid and knowledge-based response to such an earthquake. Therefore, development of a knowledge-based model to estimate destruction of buildings is ongoing. The model is going to be developed by using different spatial data obtained from the buildings and its environment in Tehran. This paper outlines the initial results of this research.
	Address	Dept. of Surveying and Geomatics Eng., College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Teharan, Iran; Technical Institute of Surveying and Mapping, National Geographical Organization of Iran, Iran
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Geographic Information Science	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	386
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	Author	Christian Uhr; Björn J E Johansson; Jonas Landgren; Martin Holmberg; Fredrik Bynander; Samuel Koelega; Jiri Trnka
	Title	Once upon a time in Västmanland – the power of narratives or how the “truth” unfolds			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Case Study; Choice Of Methodology; Evaluation Of Direction And Coordination
	Abstract	In 2014 a small fire started in a forest in central Sweden. Within a few days it developed into the largest wildfire in Sweden in the last 50 years. As the scale of the fire increased, so did the need for direction and coordination of the resources engaged in the response operation. Both official investigators and the research community have studied the challenges and come up with recommendations for improvements of the Swedish crisis management system. All authors of this paper have been involved in such efforts. This paper is a result of us trying to formulate lessons learnt based on several written reports and official discussions. The development of the narratives constructed by individuals involved in the response, investigators and researchers is analyzed. We conclude that researchers need to pay attention to their own role in this development. Maybe there is a need for a game changer on the methodological side?
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3388	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-9	Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1380
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	Author	Alayne Da Costa Duarte; Marcos R. S. Borges; Jose Orlando Gomes; De Paulo V. R. Carvalho
	Title	ASC model: A process model for the evaluation of simulated field exercises in the emergency domain			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	551-555
	Keywords	Information systems; Activity report; Emergency; Evaluation; Evaluation program; High-risk areas; Process Modeling; Real situation; Structural modeling; Computer simulation
	Abstract	The undefined flow of execution of activities in an evaluation process hampers its implementation. A consistent evaluation process defines interrelated methodological steps that make it easier for the evaluator to lead the process. This article presents a process model for the evaluation of simulated field exercises in the emergency domain, including their sub processes and activities. The proposed model was derived from observations made during real situations of a simulated evacuation exercise of communities in high-risk areas in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The motivation came from the finding that the assessment of simulated field exercises is conducted by completing an activity report that does not follow a structural model, an evaluation program or a formal standard. The results of this research show the experts' satisfaction with the application of the model proposed for the development of an evaluation process. The same occurs when comparing to reports currently used by them for this purpose.
	Address	UFRJ, Brazil; IEN, Brazil
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Innovations in Research	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	420
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	Author	Dragos Datcu; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
	Title	The use of active appearance model for facial expression recognition in crisis environments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	515-524
	Keywords	Face recognition; Gesture recognition; Active appearance models; Automatic evaluation; Automatic facial expression recognition; Computer vision techniques; Context-aware systems; Crisis management systems; Facial expression recognition; Human computer interfaces; Human computer interaction
	Abstract	In the past a crisis event was notified by local witnesses that use to make phone calls to the special services. They reported by speech according to their observation on the crisis site. The recent improvements in the area of human computer interfaces make possible the development of context-aware systems for crisis management that support people in escaping a crisis even before external help is available at site. Apart from collecting the people's reports on the crisis, these systems are assumed to automatically extract useful clues during typical human computer interaction sessions. The novelty of the current research resides in the attempt to involve computer vision techniques for performing an automatic evaluation of facial expressions during human-computer interaction sessions with a crisis management system. The current paper details an approach for an automatic facial expression recognition module that may be included in crisis-oriented applications. The algorithm uses Active Appearance Model for facial shape extraction and SVM classifier for Action Units detection and facial expression recognition.
	Address	Man-Machine Interaction Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	EMOT	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	425
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	Author	Rahele B. Dilmaghani; Ramesh R. Rao
	Title	A wireless mesh infrastructure deployment with application for emergency scenarios			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	484-494
	Keywords	Disasters; Equipment testing; Information systems; MESH networking; Communication infrastructure; Emergency communication; Field data; Heterogeneous environments; Infrastructure deployments; Performance evaluation; Real-world scenario; Reliable communication; Emergency services
	Abstract	When a disaster or emergency occurs, one of the most pressing needs is to establish a communication network for the first responders at the scene. Establishing and accessing a reliable communication infrastructure at a crisis site is crucial in order to have accurate and real-time exchange of information. Failure in the exchange of timely and crucial information or delay in allocating resources impedes early response efforts, potentially resulting in loss of life and additional economic impact. At a disaster site, the existing communication infrastructure may be damaged and therefore partially or totally unavailable; or, there may not have been previously existing infrastructure (as in the case of remote areas). A communication infrastructure within the context of emergency applications should be reliable, easily configurable, robust, interoperable in a heterogeneous environment with minimum interdependencies, and quickly deployable at low cost. A disaster scene is a chaotic environment which requires a systematic approach to abstract the system, study the flow of information and collaboration among different disciplines and jurisdictions to facilitate response and recovery efforts. We have deployed the wireless mesh infrastructure in several drills at the university campus and in the city as part of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2) NSF-funded RESCUE project (Responding to Crises and Unexpected Events). To evaluate network performance and identify the source(s) of bottleneck, we have captured the network traffic. The lessons learned from test bed evaluations of the network based on real-world scenarios can be applied to future applications to enhance the network design and performance.
	Address	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, United States; UCSD Division of Calit2, San Diego, CA 92093-0436, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Information Coordination between Heterogeneous Emergency and Relief Agencies	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	451
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	Author	Magiswary Dorasamy; Murali Raman; Maniam Kaliannan
	Title	Evaluating CEMAS in simulated environment to support disaster management challenges			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	444-453
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Knowledge based systems; Planning; Risk management; Disaster management; Emergency management; Emergency management systems; Evaluation results; Information system success; Knowledge management system; Prototype; Simulated environment; Management information systems
	Abstract	Researchers and emergency management system designers constantly find ways to produce suitable systems that have best fit between technology, and tasks. However, there is significant gap in the literature on designing information system that places greater emphasis on situational qualities. We posit that situational qualities are as important as information system success qualities such as system quality, information/knowledge quality and service quality. This research work aimed to fill this theoretical gap in designing IS for disaster management and to contribute towards guiding design decisions for future emergency management information systems development. A prototype system called CEMAS was designed and developed to support current challenges in disaster management. The underlying guiding theory for CEMAS was situational qualities interweaved within information system success factors in the form of knowledge management system. This paper presents the evaluation results of CEMAS in a simulated environment for flood.
	Address	Multimedia University, Malaysia; University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	455
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	Author	Siska Fitrianie; Ronald Poppe; Trung H. Bui; Alin Gavril Chitu; Dragos Datcu; Ramón Dor; Denis Hofs; Pascal Wiggers; Don J.M. Willems; Mannes Poel; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz; Louis G. Vuurpijl; Job Zwiers
	Title	A multimodal human-computer interaction framework for research into crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	149-158
	Keywords	Character recognition; Communication systems; Disasters; Human computer interaction; Speech recognition; Communication modalities; Evaluation methods; Facial Expressions; Multi-modal information; Multimodal human computer interaction; Multimodal system; Rescue simulation; Technological aspects; Face recognition
	Abstract	Unreliable communication networks, chaotic environments and stressful conditions can make communication during crisis events difficult. The current practice in crisis management can be improved by introducing ICT systems in the process. However, much experimentation is needed to determine where and how ICT can aid. Therefore, we propose a framework in which predefined modules can be connected in an ad hoc fashion. Such a framework allows for rapid development and evaluation of such ICT systems. The framework offers recognition of various communication modalities including speech, lip movement, facial expression, handwriting and drawing, body gesture, text and visual symbols. It provides mechanisms to fuse these modalities into a context dependent interpretation of the current situation and generate appropriate the multimodal information responses. The proposed toolbox can be used as part of a disaster and rescue simulation. We propose evaluation methods, and focus on the technological aspects of our framework.
	Address	Man-Machine Interaction Group, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; Human Media Interaction Group, University of Twente, Netherlands; Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	HCIS	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	497
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	Author	Jacqueline Floch; Michael Angermann; Edel Jennings; Mark Roddy
	Title	Exploring cooperating smart spaces for efficient collaboration in disaster management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information management; Information systems; Space platforms; Ubiquitous computing; Crowd participation; Cscw; Current practices; Disaster management; Disaster scenario; Disaster zones; Social computing; User evaluations; Human resource management
	Abstract	This paper discusses the applicability of Cooperating Smart Spaces in the disaster management realm and their potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of rescue relief teams. The Cooperating Smart Space is a novel concept that combines and extends pervasive computing and social computing to support smart space management and community collaboration. Based on an analysis of current practice, we illustrate how the concept can be exploited in the assessment of a disaster scenario in order to improve information management, collaboration between expert teams and cooperation with online volunteers outside of the disaster zone. We present the results of an initial user evaluation by disaster management experts and conclude with important implications for the design of a Cooperating Smart Space platform. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	SINTEF, ICT, Norway; German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany; Waterford Institute of Technology (TSSG), Ireland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Social Media and Collaborative Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	108
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	Author	Florian Vandecasteele; Krishna Kumar; Kenzo Milleville; Steven Verstockt
	Title	Video Summarization And Video Highlight Selection Tools To Facilitate Fire Incident Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	machine learning, video data, filtering, crisis management, user-evaluation
	Abstract	This paper reports on the added value of combining different types of sensor data and geographic information for fire incident management. A survey was launched within the Belgian fire community to explore the need of added value and the use of new types of sensor data during a fire incident. This evaluation revealed that people are visually-oriented and that video footages and images are of great value to gain insights in a particular problem. However, due to the limited available time (i.e., fast decisions need to be taken) and the large amount of cameras it is not feasible to analyze all video footages sequentially. To solve this problem we propose a video summarization mechanism and a video highlight selection tool based on the automatic generated image and video tags.
	Address	Ghent University – IDLAB, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T10- Knowledge, Semantics and AI for RISK and CRISIS management	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1857
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	Author	Aygul Gabdulkhakova; Birgitta König-Ries; Dmitry Rizvanov
	Title	Rational resource allocation in mass casualty incidents – Adaptivity and efficiency			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Agents; Information systems; Semantics; Adaptivity; Allocation methods; Efficiency of the suggested approaches; Mass casualty incidents; Real-world; Resource usage; Semantic service; Theoretical evaluation; Resource allocation
	Abstract	Mass casualty incidents (MCI) are highly dynamic situations in which limited available resources need to be quickly and efficiently allocated. In this paper, we suggest considerable extensions to an allocation method that we presented in earlier work. The extensions address two major challenges: First, the need to balance real-world resource usage and second, the need to adapt to changing situations. Additionally, a theoretical evaluation of the efficiency of the suggested approach is described. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Department of Computer Science and Robotics, Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Russian Federation
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Track Decision Support Methods for Complex Crises	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	41
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	Author	Henke, S.; Widera, A.; Hellingrath, B.
	Title	Evaluation-driven Disaster Management Exercises: A Collaborative Toolkit			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	989-999
	Keywords	Disaster Management Exercise; Evaluation; Learning; Collaboration
	Abstract	Disaster management exercises are a core component of humanitarian organizations’ preparedness strategies. They entail diverse purposes, from training capabilities of participants to testing response plans to enhancing collaboration between organizations and many more. However, it is uncertain how much exercises contribute to preparedness. Rigorous evaluation is needed to exploit learning opportunities of an exercise. Therefore, exercises must target evaluable objectives, which is complicated by the socio-technical openness of the exercise system, the heterogeneity of organizational needs, and the scarcity of resources. Many different tools aim to support evaluation but are limited to specific use cases, resulting in a fragmented overview for practitioners. Due to the excessive effort involved, practitioners often consider exercise evaluation to be of secondary importance. This study thus proposes the conceptual design of a combined toolkit that supports the practitioners in a more rigorous but resource-efficient evaluation to make disaster management exercises more evaluation-driven.
	Address	Chair of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, University of Münster; Chair of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, University of Münster; Chair of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management, University of Münster
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/PSIX3279			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2582
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	Author	Erich Heumüller; Sebastian Richter; Ulrike Lechner
	Title	Training, test and experimentation: A classification of command post exercises			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	110-114
	Keywords	Information systems; Action research; Command-post exercise; Empirical findings; Evaluation methodologies; Exercise evaluation; Exercise goal; Organizational innovation; State of the art; Experiments
	Abstract	Based on a state of the art analysis of exercise classifications and empirical findings from an Action Research approach this paper presents a classification for command post exercises, that addresses identified shortcomings concerning practical support for goal-achievement and evaluation in exercise design. The authors' classification distinguishes between Training, Test and Experimentation Exercises, which are characterized by the following aspects: Goal and purpose of exercise, participants, evaluation content and output, evaluation methodology, role of observers, scenario complexity, potential for organizational innovation and results. The classification was developed in an Action Research approach with an empirical basis of four command post exercises. Results indicate high benefit for exercises and the approach is perceived rather simple, easy to understand and to apply.
	Address	Universität Der Bundeswehr München, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Coordination and Collaboration	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	577
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	Author	Joske M. Houtkamp; Frank A. Bos
	Title	Evaluation of a virtual scenario training for leading firefighters			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	565-570
	Keywords	Fire extinguishers; Evaluation; Firefighting; Interface problems; Training applications; Usability; Virtual scenario; Virtual training; Visual information; E-learning
	Abstract	Artesis Virtual and VSTEP BV developed a virtual scenario training for leading firefighters. We evaluated the usability of the training application and measured the satisfaction of 53 trainees. The trainees were positive about the training application, the training itself, and the interaction with the interface. We observed that trainees experienced navigation difficulties and sometimes misjudged visual information. Evaluations of new versions of this application, should address the influence of interface problems on performance.
	Address	Center for Content and Knowledge Engineering, Center for Advanced Gaming and Simulation, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Dept. of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	GAME	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	596
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	Author	Beibei Hu; Jan Hidders; Marc De Lignie; Philipp Cimiano
	Title	A rule-based system for contextualized information delivery			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Semantic Web; Context-aware informations; Information requirement; Precision and recall; Quantitative evaluation; Rdf; Rule-based system; Sources of informations; Sparql; Law enforcement
	Abstract	When carrying out tasks, police officers need up-to-date information contextualized to their current situation to support them in decision making. The results of a previous user study with the aim of capturing the information requirements of police officers have led to the implementation of a rule-based system for contextualized information delivery. In this paper, we present the overall system and discuss how the various sources of information are modelled using ontologies. Our focus is on the formalism for expressing the rules and the engine executing those rules to decide which information is relevant for specific users. These declarative rules can be modified independently of the code executing them, thus providing a principled way to adapt the system to new domains. Quantitative evaluations on scenarios constructed in cooperation with police officers show that precision and recall levels of our system are satisfactory compared to other systems and that our system can be adapted to new scenarios with reasonable efforts.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; Vts Politie Nederland, Netherlands; Semantic Computing Group, CITEC Bielefeld University, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Interoperability and Standards	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	599
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