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Author (up) Gah-Kai Leung
Title Reducing Flood Risks for Young People in the UK Housing Market Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 481-487
Keywords flooding, housing, vulnerability, resilience, insurance
Abstract Flooding is one of the most serious natural hazards faced in the UK. The Environment Agency estimates that in England alone, about 5.2 million properties are at risk of flooding, or roughly one in six (2009: 3). Flooding imposes significant financial, psychological and social burdens on households and these may be especially acute for young people in the property market, such as renters and first-time buyers. This paper examines how housing-related policy can help alleviate the burdens of flooding on young people in the housing market. First, it canvasses the kinds of damage inflicted when flooding affects properties. Second, it discusses the financial burdens imposed by such damage. Third, it enumerates the financial burdens and benefits of measures to protect against flooding. Fourth, it considers the non-monetary burdens of flooding, in the form of psychological and social burdens. Finally, the paper offers some policy recommendations in light of the preceding discussion.
Address University of Warwick
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Gah-Kai.Leung@warwick.ac.uk Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2349
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Author (up) Haya Aldossary; Graham Coates
Title Multi-objective Optimization for Coordinating Emergency Resources in Multiple Mass Casualty Incidents Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 1015-1027
Keywords Co-ordination, Neighborhood Search Algorithm, Optimization, Scheduling
Abstract Effective co-ordination between resource-constrained emergency services during multiple mass casualty incidents (MCIs) plays a significant role in the response phase. In such a case, the co-ordination problem needs to be solved, namely the allocation of responders-to-incidents, responders-to-casualties, vehicles to travel to casualties at incidents and transport casualties to hospitals, and task assignment to responders and vehicles. A Neighborhood Search Algorithm (NSA) is employed to solve the co-ordination problem with the aim of reducing the suffering of casualties, with varying injuries and health classifications. An application of the NSA is enabled using a hypothetical case study of MCIs including three scenarios in a major urban area of the UK. The experiments conducted show the effectiveness of using different approaches to generate an initial response plan, and the performance of the NSA in developing a final optimized plan.
Address Newcastle University; Newcastle University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Other Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes h.aldossary2@newcastle.ac.uk Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2393
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Author (up) Hoang Long Nguyen; Yasas Senarath; Hemant Purohit; Rajendra Akerkar
Title Towards a Design of Resilience Data Repository for Community Resilience Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 271-281
Keywords Community resilience, Resilience data repository, Resilience dimension, Static and dynamic indicator
Abstract Community resilience is coming under scrutiny recently because of its need to support communities in preparing and protecting lives against risks and bouncing back to normal operations after disruptions. However, community resilience is an intricate concept that is arduous to capture and turn into explicit knowledge. This motivated us to propose a general architecture for a resilience data repository that enables communities to adopt a general methodology for collecting, storing, managing, and sharing resilience-based information. To ensure that the repository is useful and practical, we started with in-depth literature review and conducted survey with practitioners to obtain their insights into community resilience and potential data sources from local communities. Eventually, we presented the utility of the repository by describing several potential applications. Information systems professionals of community stakeholders and disaster management agencies can construct their own resilience repositories by utilising the proposed design of the architecture.
Address Western Norway Research Institute; George Mason University; George Mason University; Western Norway Research Institute
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes hln@vestforsk.no Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2332
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Author (up) Hongmin Li; Doina Caragea; Cornelia Caragea
Title Combining Self-training with Deep Learning for Disaster Tweet Classification Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 719-730
Keywords Domain Adaptation, Self-training, Crisis Tweets Classification, BERT, CNN
Abstract Significant progress has been made towards automated classification of disaster or crisis related tweets using machine learning approaches. Deep learning models, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), domain adaptation approaches based on self-training, and approaches based on pre-trained language models, such as BERT, have been proposed and used independently for disaster tweet classification. In this paper, we propose to combine self-training with CNN and BERT models, respectively, to improve the performance on the task of identifying crisis related tweets in a target disaster where labeled data is assumed to be unavailable, while unlabeled data is available. We evaluate the resulting self-training models on three crisis tweet collections and find that: 1) the pre-trained language model BERTweet is better than the standard BERT model, when fine-tuned for downstream crisis tweets classification; 2) self-training can help improve the performance of the CNN and BERTweet models for larger unlabeled target datasets, but not for smaller datasets.
Address Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University; Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University; Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes hongminli@ksu.edu Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2367
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Author (up) Ivar Svare Holand; Peter Mozelius; Trond Olav Skevik
Title A structured and dynamic model for emergency management exercises Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 186-197
Keywords Emergency exercises, Vulnerability assessment, Non-linear emergency exercise model, Norwegian-Swedish cross-border collaboration, Gaining Security Symbiosis (GSS) projects
Abstract Emergencies are management challenges, and emergency exercises that involve multiple collaborating parties is a means towards mastering them. Such exercises are often conducted in a virtual training environment based on complex disaster scenarios. The reported study was carried out using a requirement-focused design approach. The aim was to describe and discuss a relevant design for lean, dynamic, and cost-efficient emergency management exercise systems. Data were gathered from a literature study and analyses of earlier emergency management projects in which the authors had participated. Despite the complexity of many current emergency management exercises, the scenarios usually involve only the response phases and have a linear structure that hinders both didactic aspects and the software structure. The conclusion drawn from the study is that an emergency management exercise model should focus on managing the activities that correspond to alternatives that unfold from a dynamic scenario. Finally, the authors recommend the principles of alternate reality games as a way towards more dynamic and cost-efficient emergency exercise systems.
Address Nord University; Mid Sweden University; Nord University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes ivar.s.holand@nord.no Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2324
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Author (up) Jaziar Radianti; Terje Gjøsæter; Weiqin Chen
Title Slaying the SA Demons – Humans vs. Technology – A Content Analysis Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 946-958
Keywords situation awareness, SA Demons, crisis management, human error, universal design, content analysis
Abstract In this paper, we examine Situation Awareness (SA) and the application of Endsley's Demons of SA in different contexts and research areas and perform content analysis to examine how they are used, and to what degree they are perceived as stemming from human error or weaknesses in technology and if any suggestions for mitigation are primarily focused on the human or the technology side. Based on our findings, we propose universal design as a tool that can counter the effects of the demons of SA by improving the usability and accessibility of SA-supporting technology and thereby removing barriers to SA, rather than challenging the users to overcome not only barriers that are a result of the complexity of the situation itself, but also additional barriers that are caused by inferior and suboptimal design of the technology in use.
Address University of Agder; University of Agder; Oslo Metropolitan University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes jaziar.radianti@uia.no Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2387
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Author (up) Jelle Groenendaal; Ira Helsloot
Title Why Technology Not Always Adds Value to Crisis Managers During Crisis: The Case of The Dutch Nation-Wide Crisis Management System LCMS Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 936-945
Keywords Crisis, NDM, Technology, LCMS
Abstract Technology undeniably plays an important role in supporting crisis managers to respond to crisis. However, when improperly designed or used, technology can be ineffective or even be detrimental to the crisis response. Therefore, in this paper we bring together insights from the scientific literature and identify 5 principles for the design and use of technology to aid crisis managers effectively. These principles might seem trivial but there are several examples of technology used in practice that show the opposite. To illustrate this, we use as a case study the Dutch nation-wide crisis management system LCMS which is used in the Netherlands by all safety regions and other public organizations to maintain and share a common operational picture supporting large-scale crisis management collaboration. We explain why crisis evaluations and research time and again show that LCMS has failed to add value for crisis managers during crisis by using the identified principles.
Address Hague University of Applied Sciences; Radboud University Nijmegen
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes j.groenendaal@hhs.nl Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2386
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Author (up) Jens Kersten; Jan Bongard; Friederike Klan
Title Combining Supervised and Unsupervised Learning to Detect and Semantically Aggregate Crisis-Related Twitter Content Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 744-754
Keywords Information Overload Reduction, Semantic Clustering, Crisis Informatics, Twitter Stream
Abstract Twitter is an immediate and almost ubiquitous platform and therefore can be a valuable source of information during disasters. Current methods for identifying and classifying crisis-related content are often based on single tweets, i.e., already known information from the past is neglected. In this paper, the combination of tweet-wise pre-trained neural networks and unsupervised semantic clustering is proposed and investigated. The intention is to (1) enhance the generalization capability of pre-trained models, (2) to be able to handle massive amounts of stream data, (3) to reduce information overload by identifying potentially crisis-related content, and (4) to obtain a semantically aggregated data representation that allows for further automated, manual and visual analyses. Latent representations of each tweet based on pre-trained sentence embedding models are used for both, clustering and tweet classification. For a fast, robust and time-continuous processing, subsequent time periods are clustered individually according to a Chinese restaurant process. Clusters without any tweet classified as crisis-related are pruned. Data aggregation over time is ensured by merging semantically similar clusters. A comparison of our hybrid method to a similar clustering approach, as well as first quantitative and qualitative results from experiments with two different labeled data sets demonstrate the great potential for crisis-related Twitter stream analyses.
Address German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Data Science, Citizen Science Department; German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Data Science, Citizen Science Department; German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Data Science, Citizen Science Departmen
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes jens.kersten@dlr.de Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2369
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Author (up) Jingxian Wang; Lida Huang; Guofeng Su; Tao Chen; Chunhui Liu; Xiaomeng Wang
Title UAV and GIS Based Real-time Display System for Forest Fire Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 527-535
Keywords forest fire, forest fire boundary extraction, UAV, GIS, 3D modeling
Abstract When a forest fire occurs, the commander cannot obtain information in time, and the rescue command is like groping in the dark. In order to solve the problem, this research establishes a real-time forest fire display system based on UAV and GIS. The UAV is equipped with visible light and thermal imaging cameras to transmit back forest fire scenes in real time. Based on GIS, the system can extract the boundary of the fire field through image processing and 3D modeling technology, and display various forest fire information on the screen. Through image processing and 3D modeling technology, the boundary of the fire field can be extracted and displayed on the screen. We conducted several experiments to test the accuracy and the reliability of the system. The result shows that the accuracy, reliability and real-time capability can be guaranteed in small-scale forest fires.
Address Tsinghua university; Tsinghua university; Tsinghua university; Tsinghua university; Beijing Global Safety Technology Co., Ltd.; Beijing Global Safety Technology Co., Ltd.
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS) Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes 690069938@qq.com Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2353
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Author (up) Jorge Vargas-Florez; Luiggi Bellido-Barturen; Lileya Latorre-Solórzano; Víctor Ochoa-Guzmán; Luis E. López-Vargas; Alejandro Herrera-Vila; Alexander Castro-Gutierrez; César A. Luza-Ordoñez; Renzo S. Reyes-Pazos; Luis D. Hernández-Castañeda
Title Food Supply Using E-Commerce on Pandemic Times: New Habits Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 472-480
Keywords Short supply chain, Covid-19, Pandemic, crisis, food supply, ecommerce
Abstract Due to Covid-19, many of the traditional food chains did not able to fulfill their customers due to the sanitary measures: quarantines, border lockdowns, capacity facilities reduction, etc. This situation generated increased use of alternative means such as delivery service, online stores, and traveling fairs. The latter is part of the short food supply chains, SFSC, which at the beginning of the pandemic was used to respond to the shortage of products and crowded markets. This work tackles new food supply habits by consumers in Lima, the capital of Perú, and the e-commerce role. Before the pandemic, SFSC exists mainly in rural zones, now it has a 16% preference, and e-commerce increased its utilization by 13,84 times, mainly by A/ B /C socio-economical young population. The most valuable characteristics recognized are the use of protocols to prevent the spread of viruses, quality products, and delivery speed.
Address Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; Pon
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes jorge.vargas@pucp.edu.pe Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2348
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Author (up) Jose J. Gonzalez; Colin Eden; Eirik Abildsnes; Martin Hauge; Monica Trentin; Luca Ragazzoni; Peter Berggren; Carl-Oscar Jonson; Ahmed A. Abdelgawad
Title Elicitation, analysis and mitigation of systemic pandemic risks Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 581-596
Keywords Systemic risk, Cascading effects, Vicious cycles, Risk system analysis, Risk mitigation
Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the health care system and affected all sectors of society, including critical infrastructures. In turn, the impact on society's infrastructures has impacted back on the health care sector. These interactions have created a system of associated risks and outcomes, where the outcomes of risks are risks themselves and where the resulting consequences are complex vicious cycles. Traditional risks assessment methods cannot cope with interdependent risks. This paper describes a novel risk systemicity approach to elicit and mitigate the systemic risks of a major pandemic. The approach employed the internet-based software strategyfinder[TM] in workshops to elicit relevant risk information from sixteen appropriately selected experts from the health care sector and major sectors impacted by and impacting back on the health care sector. The risk information was processed with powerful analytical tools of strategyfinder to allow the experts to prioritise portfolios of strategies attacking the vicious cycles.
Address Centre for Integrated Emergency Management (CIEM), University of Agder; Strathclyde Business School, Glasgow; University of Agder, Dep. of psychosocial health and Kristiansand municipality, Dep. of research and innovation; Sørlandet Sykehus HF; Center for
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes jose.j.gonzalez@uia.no Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2357
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Author (up) Josep Cobarsí; Laura Calvet
Title Quantitative data about deaths due to COVID-19 and comparability between countries: An approach through the case of Spain Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 294-304
Keywords COVID-19, Mortality data, Public health data, Crisis analytics, Health crisis, Open data sources
Abstract Mortality statistics tend to be inaccurate because of the imperfections related to individual deaths' recording. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought controversies regarding the quantification of deaths in many countries. Mainly, controversies were fueled by the sudden change of the criteria being applied, the limited testing and tracing capacities, and the collapse of the healthcare system. This work analyses the case of Spain, which constitutes one of the European countries with the highest number of cases and deaths during the 'first wave'. It provides a discussion about the coherence, traceability and limitations of quantitative data sources, as a basis to improve the quality of the data and its comparability between different countries and over time. Official data sources and non-official data sources are considered. Finally, suggestions of improvement and research needs are gathered, for the reliability of mortality data as a way to enhance learning and resilience for future crises.
Address Universitat Oberta de Catalunya; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes laura.calvet.linan@gmail.com Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2334
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Author (up) Julian Zobel; Patrick Lieser; Tobias Meuser; Lars Baumgärtner; Mira Mezini; Ralf Steinmetz
Title Modeling Civilian Mobility in Large-Scale Disasters Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 119-132
Keywords Civilian disaster communication, Delay-Tolerant Networks, Human mobility, Mobility models, Disaster response, Simulation
Abstract When disasters destroy critical communication infrastructure, smartphone-based Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) can provide basic communication for civilians. Although field tests have shown the practicability of such systems, real-world experiments are expensive and hardly repeatable. Simulations are therefore required for the design and extensive evaluation of novel DTN protocols, but meaningful assertions require realistic mobility models for civilians. In this paper, trace files from a large-scale disaster field test are analyzed to identify typical human behavior patterns in a disaster area. Based on this, we derive a novel civilian disaster mobility model that incorporates identified behaviors such as group-based movement and clustering around points-of-interests such as hospitals and shelters. We evaluate the impact of mobility on DTN communication performance by comparing our model with other established mobility models as well as the trace file dataset in a simulative evaluation based on the field test scenario. In general, our mobility model leads to a more realistic assessment of DTN communication performance compared to other mobility models.
Address Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt; Technical University of Darmstadt
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes julian.zobel@kom.tu-darmstadt.de Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2319
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Author (up) Julien Coche; Jess Kropczynski; Aurélie Montarnal; Andrea Tapia; Frédérick Bénaben
Title Actionability in a Situation Awareness world: Implications for social media processing system design Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 994-1001
Keywords Actionable Information, Situation Awareness, Social Media, Crisis Management
Abstract The field of crisis informatics now has a decade-long history of designing tools that leverage social media to support decision-makers situation awareness. Despite this history, there remains few examples of these tools adopted by practitioners. Recent fieldwork with public safety answering points and first responders has led to an awareness of the need for tools that gather actionable information, rather than situational awareness alone. This paper contributes to an ongoing discussion about these concepts by proposing a model that embeds the concept of actionable information into Endsley's model of situation awareness. We also extend the insights of this model to the design implications of future information processing systems.
Address IMT Mines Albi; University of Cincinnati; Ecole des Mines d'Albi Carmaux; The Pennsylvania State University; Ecole des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Visions for Future Crisis Management Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes coche.emac@gmail.com Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2391
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Author (up) K. K. Ramakrishnan; Murat Yuksel; Hulya Seferoglu; Jiachen Chen; Roger A. Blalock
Title Resilient Communication for First Responders in Disaster Management Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 903-912
Keywords Disaster Management, Information-Centric Networking, Namespace Design, D2D Communication, Coding
Abstract Effective communication among first responders during and in the aftermath of a disaster can affect outcomes dramatically. In this paper, we discuss the design of a resilient architecture that enables effective first responder communications even in such challenging scenarios. Our ReDiCom (Resilient Disaster Communications) network architecture builds resilience into the framework across all the layers. The information layer allows communication by roles and identities instead of addresses to support communication among dynamically formed first responder teams. The network layer provides robust and resilient communication even when facilities are error- and disruption-prone. The coded communication and computation further improve resilience and enable efficient data processing in disaster management.
Address University of California, Riverside; University of Central Florida; University of Illinois at Chicago; WINLAB, Rutgers University; NIST
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Technologies for First Responders Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes jiachen@winlab.rutgers.edu Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2382
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Author (up) Ke Wang; Yongsheng Yang; Genserik Reniers; Jian Li; Quanyi Huang
Title An Attribute-based Model to Retrieve Storm Surge Disaster Cases Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 567-580
Keywords Storm surge disaster, multiple attributes, retrieval model, affected region prediction
Abstract In China, storm surge disasters cause severe damages in coastal regions. One of the most important tasks is to predict affected regions and their relative damage levels to support decision-making. This study develops a two-stage retrieval model to search the most similar past disaster case to complete prediction. Based on spatial attributes of cases, the top-ranking past cases with a similar location to the target case are selected. Among these past cases, the most similar past case is selected by disaster attribute similarities. Three typical storm surge case studies have been used and implemented into this proposed model and the results show that all the most affected regions can be predicted. The proposed model simplifies the prediction process and updates results quickly. This study provides useful information for the government to make real-time response plans.
Address Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; KU Leuven; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes wangke16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2356
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Author (up) Kees Boersma; Robert Larruina
Title Restoring the Medical Supply Chain from Below: The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in the Production of Face Masks during the Covid-19 Crisis Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 260-269
Keywords COVID-19 crisis response, supply chain, personal protection equipment, face masks, social entrepreneurship, resilience
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic hit societies all over the world deeply. Since it has affected societies worldwide and compromised socio-technical systems across geographical, judicial and administrative borders it can be considered a cross-border, transboundary crisis. This dimension has exposed the global medical supply chain's vulnerability. Due to its 'lean and mean' characteristics the supply chain was unable to function adequately during the crisis and formal authorities struggled to restore it, causing serious problems in the response to the pandemic. At the same time, numerous initiatives from below tried to give a (partial) answer on how to restore the broken supply chain. This paper presents a case study about a Dutch social enterprise (i.e. the Refugee Company) engaged with the cross-border dimension of the COVID-19 crisis. The Refugee Company set up a supply chain, operation and (domestic) production of personal protection equipment (PPE) materials, in particular face masks. The paper draws on data collected through qualitative methods, including document analysis (secondary sources), interviews and observations. The conclusion is that social entrepreneurs and enterprises played a crucial role in restoring the supply chain. The paper provides valuable lessons for both policy makers and crisis managers: there is great potential in recognizing the entrepreneurial activities from below in strengthening supply chains at times of crisis, potentially making them more sustainable and resilient.
Address Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Cross-Border & Transboundary Resilience Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes f.k.boersma@vu.nl Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2331
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Author (up) Kenneth Johnson; Javier Cámara; Roopak Sinha; Samaneh Madanian; Dave Parry
Title Towards Self-Adaptive Disaster Management Systems Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 49-61
Keywords disaster management, self-adaptive systems, formal verification, probabilistic model checking, constraint solving
Abstract Disasters often occur without warning and despite extensive preparation, disaster managers must take action to respond to changes critical resource allocations to support existing health-care facilities and emergency triages. A key challenge is to devise sound and verifiable resourcing plans within an evolving disaster scenario. Our main contribution is the development of a conceptual self-adaptive system featuring a monitor-analyse-plan-execute (MAPE) feedback loop to continually adapt resourcing within the disaster-affected region in response to changing usage and requirements. We illustrate the system's use on a case study based on Auckland city (New Zealand). Uncertainty arising from partial knowledge of infrastructure conditions and outcomes of human participant's actions are modelled and automatically analysed using formal verification techniques. The analysis inform plans for routing resources to where they are needed in the region. Our approach is shown to readily support multiple model and verification techniques applicable to a range of disaster scenarios.
Address Auckland University of Technology; University of York; Auckland University of Technology; AUT university; Auckland University of Technology
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track AI and Intelligent Systems for Crises and Risks Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes kenneth.johnson@aut.ac.nz Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2312
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Author (up) Kenny Meesters; Thijs van Beek
Title Towards a tailor-made modelling language for information flow setups in humanitarian crisis management Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 448-458
Keywords Modelling, Domain Specific Modelling, Information flows, Crisis Coordination
Abstract Over the years many different strategies, approaches and tools have been used in emergency response to connect information flows. In large-scale emergencies different tools, processes and structures are used to coordinate information. This is in part due to the differences in countries, emergencies, and local context, but also personal preferences, capabilities and resources play a role. Despite these differences, being able to compare and contrast various information structures, processes and systems would be beneficial to identify recurring structures and their performance. Modelling languages have been used in many other contexts to support these practices of describing, analyzing and comparing processes. This research examines the need and potential of a tailored modelling language to visualize information flow setups. In this study an initial set of requirements is developed from a literature study and further validated with expert in-depth interview. These requirements are compared with existing modelling languages to identify key building blocks of the language. The results provide key considerations for the development of a new modelling language to describe information flows in a consistent and structured manner.
Address Tilburg University; Tilburg University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Enhancing Resilient Response in Inter-organizational Contexts Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes k.meesters@gmail.com Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2346
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Author (up) Kerrianne Morrison; Yee-Yin Choong; Shanee Dawkins; Sandra Spickard Prettyman
Title Communication Technology Problems and Needs of Rural First Responders Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 817-834
Keywords Communication technology, First responders, Public safety, Rural communities, Usability
Abstract Although new technology may benefit rural first responders to help them serve their communities, to date little is known about what communication technology problems rural first responders most need addressed and what future technology they desire. To explore the context of use and communication technology problems and needs of rural first responders, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 63 rural first responders across four disciplines: Communications (Comm) Center & 9-1-1 Services, Emergency Medical Services, Fire Service, and Law Enforcement. Using qualitative data analysis, interview data were sorted into problems and needs categories. Rural first responders' greatest problems were with reliable coverage/connectivity, interoperability, implementation/information technology (IT) infrastructure, and physical ergonomics. Rural first responders' greatest need for new technology was to address their current problems, but they were interested in new technology that leverages real-time technology and location tracking. Implications for researchers and developers of public safety communication technology are discussed.
Address National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Culture Catalyst, LLC
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Technologies for First Responders Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes kerrianne.morrison@nist.gov Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2376
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Author (up) Laura Petersen; Grigore M. Havarneanu; Natasha McCrone; Garik Markarian; George Kolev
Title Universal Design & the PROACTIVE project CBRNe app Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 959-966
Keywords Smartphone Disaster App, CBRNe, vulnerable groups, cocreation, universal design
Abstract A wide range of disaster apps are currently available on various app stores, however few existing disaster apps address the issue of CBRNe (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive) threats. The unique ways in which citizens prepare for and respond to CBRNe incidents merit that such an app exist. But citizens are not a homogenous group, and therefore the concept of universal design will be implemented when filling this gap. The EU H2020 PROACTIVE project will address this by co-creating together with citizens, including vulnerable groups, a disaster app able to be used during CBRNe incidents. This article lays out the methodology X will employ in order to create and validate the disaster app and states some core requirements already co-developed
Address Worldwide Railways Organisation (UIC); International Union of Railways; Rinisoft; Rinisoft; Rinisoft
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes petersen@uic.org Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2388
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Author (up) Lennart Landsberg; Alexandra Braun; Ompe Aimé Mudimu; Klaus-Dieter Büttgen
Title Considering end user needs when developing new technologies – a new plug and play sensor technology for locating trapped victims Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 922-928
Keywords Search and Rescue, UAV, Multi Sensors, Requirement Analysis, Building Collapse
Abstract Building collapses often happen unexpectedly and suddenly. Consequently, people are often buried under the debris. What follows is a complicated search by first responders, which is characterized by time pressure and danger. In the research project SORTIE, a modular and UAV-based technical system is being developed to support the first responders in their search efforts. During the first phase of this project, an extensive requirements analysis was conducted with the involvement of end users. This ensures that the developed technology meets the requirements for later use under realistic circumstance. The project consortium has good experience with this operational approach and is in close cooperation with end users who are part of the consortium. In addition to a comprehensive understanding of building collapses and prevailing conditions, the technical partners were also able to identify requirements that they might not have discovered without the involvement of end users and the appropriate methods.
Address TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences; Federal Agency for Technical Relief; TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences; Federal Agency for Technical Relief
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Technologies for First Responders Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes lennart_walter.landsberg@th-koeln.de Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2384
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Author (up) Lucas Dorigueto; Carlos Brumatti; Erick Figueiredo; Jugurta Lisboa-Filho
Title A Framework for Landslide Information Management Systems Development Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 515-526
Keywords Disaster Information Management Systems, Landslide, Interoperability, Volunteered Geographic Information
Abstract Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) integrated with Disaster Information Management Systems (DIMS) has great potential to assist managers and the community in times of emergency. However, there is little research focusing on integrating VGI with DIMS, in addition, there are a lack of use of standards of interoperability and emergency, which can impair interoperability and the quality of the information contained in these systems. This work presents a fully interoperable framework aimed at the construction of DIMS, which integrates official data and VGI through ISO and OGC standards, allowing managers and the community to work with official data and VGI in order to assist managers in decision making. To show the viability of the framework, a case study using data from the risk situation of dams located in the municipality of Barão de Cocais in Brazil was carried out.
Address Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS) Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes lucas.dorigueto@ufv.br Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2352
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Author (up) Lucia Castro Herrera
Title Configuring Social Media Listening Practices in Crisis Management Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 640-654
Keywords Social media listening, Practice, Improvisation, Crisis management strategy, Configuration
Abstract Social media listening practices are increasingly adopted in crisis management and have become an object of interest for researchers and practitioners alike. This article analyzes how these enactments have been studied in the academic literature. Through a systematic review of the available body of knowledge, features from studies involving depictions of practice were extracted, analyzed, and turned into a narrative using an inductive approach. Strategies of improvisation, overreliance on personal and professional networks, manual work, spontaneous coordination, and re-assigning tasks represent the main findings in the multidisciplinary literature. This article is a consolidated overview of experiences from social media listening in practice beyond listing the benefits of social media as a source of information. Moreover, the paper sets the basis for future studies on the range of possible configurations and institutionalization of disruptive crisis management practices.
Address Universitetet i Agder
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes lucia.c.herrera@uia.no Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2361
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Author (up) Maki Tagashira; Toshihiro Osaragi
Title Accessibility Assessment of Vulnerable Roadside Areas after a Major Earthquake Type Conference Article
Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021
Volume Issue Pages 553-566
Keywords Large earthquake, accessibility assessment, emergency activity, building collapse, road blockage
Abstract In order to reduce human casualty after a large earthquake, it is vital to secure the traffic function of main roads. Local governments promote the seismic reinforcement of roadside buildings, however, the project is not going well as planned. There is a high demand for appropriate information of its effect. In this paper, we proposed a method to identify the roadside areas with vulnerable accessibility to disaster bases after a large earthquake. First, we defined the accessibility indices; Link Isolation ratio (LI ratio) and Network Isolation ratio (NI ratio). Then, using the simulation model, we evaluated the accessibility to disaster base hospitals using emergency transportation roads in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. LI ratio tended to be low in areas with a sparse road network. Furthermore, some hospitals indicated a severely high NI ratio. In secondary medical areas with these hospitals, it is necessary to consider the measures to improve accessibility.
Address Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium
Track Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes tagashira@arch.titech.ac.jp Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2355
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