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Author Simon French; Nikos Argyris; Jim Q. Smith; Stephanie Haywood; Matthew C. Hort
Title Uncertainty Handling during Nuclear Accidents Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 15-24
Keywords Deep uncertainty; displaying spatial uncertainty; nuclear emergency management; scenario-focused analysis
Abstract In the years following Chernobyl, many reports and projects reflected on how to improve emergency management processes in dealing with an accidental offsite release of radiation at a nuclear facility. A common observation was the need to address the inevitable uncertainties. Various suggestions were made and some of these were researched in some depth. The Fukushima Daiichi Disaster has led to further reflections. However, many of the uncertainties inherent in responding to a threatened or actual release remain unaddressed in the analyses and model runs that are conducted to support the emergency managers in their decision making. They are often left to factor in allowances for the uncertainty through informal discussion and unsupported judgement, and the full range of sources of uncertainty may not be addressed. In this paper, we summarise the issues and report on a project which has investigated the handling of uncertainty in the UK's national crisis cell. We suggest the R&D programmes needed to provide emergency managers with better guidance on uncertainty and how it may affect the consequences of taking different countermeasures.
Address University of Warwick; University of Loughborough; Public Health England; The Met Office
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1996
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Author Takuya Oki; Toshihiro Osaragi
Title Evaluation of Conversion to Quake-Resistant Buildings in Terms of Wide-Area Evacuation and Fire-Brigade Accessibility Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 25-41
Keywords Conversion; quake-resistant building; property damage; wide-area evacuation; fire-brigade
Abstract It is important to evaluate the effects of improving the disaster vulnerability of towns by using various indices related to human damage. In this paper, we focus on conversion of low quake-resistant old buildings. Firstly, we construct a simulation model, which describes property damage (such as building-collapse and street-blockage), wide-area evacuation behavior, and fire-brigade's activities immediately after a large earthquake occurs. Next, using the simulation model, we estimate the travel time required for evacuation, the number of evacuees trapped on streets (or in blocks), and the access time of fire-brigades to fires in case that the ratio of quake-resistant buildings in the area increases to a certain value. Based on the results, we discuss the effects by converting old buildings into quake-resistant ones on reducing the difficulty in wide-area evacuation and improving the accessibility of fire-brigades in multiple study areas with different characteristics.
Address Tokyo Institute of Technology
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1997
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Author Yan Wang; Hong Huang; Lida Huang; Minyan Han; Yiwu Qian; Boni Su
Title An Agile Framework for Detecting and Quantifying Hazardous Gas Releases Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 42-49
Keywords Hazardous gas release; mobile sensing; data fusion; leakage detection; source term estimation
Abstract In response to the threat of hazardous gas releases to public safety and health, we propose an agile framework for detecting and quantifying gas emission sources. Emerging techniques like high-precision gas sensors, source term estimation algorithms and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are incorporated. The framework takes advantage of both stationary sensor network method and mobile sensing approach for the detection and quantification of hazardous gases from fugitive, accidental or deliberate releases. Preliminary results on street-level detection of urban natural gas leakage is presented. Source term estimation is demonstrated through a synthetic test case, and is verified using Cramér-Rao bound analysis.
Address Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Define Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei, China
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1998
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Author Xiujuan Zhao; Graham Coates; Wei Xu
Title Solving the earthquake disaster shelter location-allocation problem using optimization heuristics Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 50-62
Keywords Earthquake shelter location-allocation; multi-objective optimization; GA; MPSO
Abstract Earthquakes can cause significant disruption and devastation to populations of communities. Thus, in the event of an earthquake, it is necessary to have the right number of disaster shelters, with the appropriate capacity, in the right location in order to accommodate local communities. Mathematical models, allied with suitable optimization algorithms, have been used to determine the locations at which to construct disaster shelters and allocate the population to them. This paper compares the use of two optimization algorithms, namely a genetic algorithm and a modified particle swarm optimization, both of which have advantages and disadvantages when solving the disaster shelter location-allocation problem.
Address Beijing Normal University; Durham University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1999
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Author Xiaoyan Zhang; Graham Coates; Xiaoyang Ni
Title Agent-based Modelling and Simulation for Lecture Theatre Emergency Evacuation Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 63-71
Keywords Emergency evacuation; agent-based modelling and simulation
Abstract This paper presents an overview of ongoing research into the implementation of an agent-based model aimed at providing decision support for the layout design of lecture theatres and human behavioural management in emergency evacuation. The model enables the spatial layout of lecture theatres to be configured and incorporates agent behaviours at the basic movement and individual level. In terms of individual behaviours, agents can be competitive, cooperative, climb obstacles (e.g. seating and desks) and fall down. Two cases are investigated to evaluate the effects of different exit locations in lecture theatres and competitive behaviour of agents on evacuation efficiency in multiple scenarios.
Address China University of Geosciences, Wuhan; Durham University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2000
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Author Charles Bailly; Carole Adam
Title An interactive simulation for testing communication strategies in bushfires Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 72-84
Keywords Agent-based modelling and simulation; communication; crisis management; GAMA platform; serious game
Abstract Australia is frequently hit by bushfires. In 2009, the “Black Saturday” fires killed 173 people and burnt hectares of bush. As a result, a research commission was created to investigate, and concluded that several aspects could be improved, in particular better understanding of the population actual behaviour, and better communication with them. We argue that agent-based modelling and simulation is a great tool to test possible communication strategies, in order to deduce valuable insight for emergency managers before new fires happen. In this paper, we extend an existing agent-based model of the population behaviour in bushfires. Concretely, we added a communication model based in social sciences, and user interactivity with the model. We present the results of first experiments with dierent communication strategies, providing valuable insight for better communication with the population during such events. This model is still preliminary and will eventually be turned into a serious game.
Address Grenoble-INP, LIG, Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, LIG, F-38000 Grenoble, France
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2001
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Author Maël Arnaud; Carole Adam; Julie Dugdale
Title The role of cognitive biases in reactions to bushfires Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 85-96
Keywords Multi-agent modelling; social simulation; cognitive biases; BDI paradigm; Victoria bushfires
Abstract Human behaviour is influenced by many psychological factors such as emotions, whose role is already widely recognised. Another important factor, and all the more so during disasters where time pressure and stress constrain reasoning, are cognitive biases. In this paper, we present a short overview of the literature on cognitive biases and show how some of these biases are relevant in a particular disaster, the 2009 bushfires in the South-East of Australia. We provide a preliminary formalisation of these cognitive biases in BDI (beliefs, desires, intentions) agents, with the goal of integrating such agents into agent-based models to get more realistic behaviour. We argue that taking such “irrational” behaviours into account in simulation is crucial in order to produce valid results that can be used by emergency managers to better understand the behaviour of the population in future bushfires.
Address Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIG, F-38000
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2002
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Author Yan Wang; John E. Taylor
Title Tracking urban resilience to disasters: a mobility network-based approach Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 97-109
Keywords Fisher information; human mobility; network analysis; Twitter; urban resilience
Abstract Disaster resilience is gaining increasing attention from both industry and academia, but difficulties in operationalizing the concept remain, especially in the urban context. Currently, there is scant literature on measuring both spatial and temporal aspects of resilience empirically. We propose a bio-inspired quantitative framework to track urban resilience to disasters. This framework was built upon a daily human mobility network, which was generated by geolocations from a Twitter Streaming API. System-wide metrics were computed over time (i.e. pre-, during and post-disasters). Fisher information was further adopted to detect the perturbation and dynamics in the system. Specifically, we applied the proposed approach in a flood case in the metropolis of São Paulo. The proposed approach is efficient in uncovering the dynamics in human movements and the underlying spatial structure. It adds to our understanding of the resilience process in urban disasters.
Address Charles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Tech
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2003
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Author Julius Bañgate; Julie Dugdale; Carole Adam; Elise Beck
Title A Review on the Influence of Social Attachment on Human Mobility During Crises Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 110-126
Keywords Multi agent modelling; social attachment; affiliation human behaviour; mobility
Abstract Human behaviour during crisis evacuations is soial in nature. In particular, social attachment theory posits that proximity of familiar people, places, objects, etc. promotes calm and a feeling of safety, while their absence triggers panic or flight. In closely bonded groups such as families, members seek each other and evacuate as one. This makes attachment bonds necessary in the development of realistic models of mobility during crises. In this paper, we present a review of evacuation behaviour, theories on social attachment, crises mobility, and agent-based models. We found that social attachment influences mobility in the dierent stages of evacuation (pre, during and post). Based on these findings, we intend to develop a multi-agent model of mobility during seismic crises, using the belief, desire and intention (BDI) agent architecture.
Address LIG, University Grenoble-Alpes, France; PACTE, University Grenoble-Alpes, France; University of Adger, Norway
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2004
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Author Robert Zinke; Laura Künzer; Benjamin Schröder; Christina Schäfer
Title Integrating Human Factors into Evacuation Simulations – Application of the Persona Method for Generating Populations Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 127-138
Keywords Persona method; pedestrian simulation; preparedness; human factors; evacuation
Abstract For assessing evacuation dynamics in disaster situations, current approaches of pedestrian simulations increasingly include additional human characteristics. One aim is to assess realistic effects of structural changes of an infrastructure on evacuation behavior displayed by users. Creating agents with supplementary physical and psychological human characteristics and assembling the agents in accordance to the user's population may be beneficial not only to support decision making. The analysis of simulated effects of, e.g., informational strategies will foster crisis and disaster management. This paper combines knowledge about users in subway systems and highlights benefits of using the Persona method to improve objectivity in the specification of different user types. Persona method is adapted to pedestrian simulation. Using data from the authors´ field studies, personas are developed and implemented for an evacuation simulation. First findings suggest that including personas into pedestrian simulation influences the results with respect to the required safe evacuation time (RSET).
Address Team Human Factors; Jülich Supercomputing Centre; CIK -Paderborn University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2005
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Author Maude Arru; Elsa Negre
Title People Behaviors in Crisis Situations: Three Modeling Propositions Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 139-149
Keywords Behaviors; modeling, crisis management; data analysis
Abstract Warnings can help to prevent damages and harm if they are issued timely and provide information that help responders and population to adequately prepare for the disaster to come. Today, there are many indicator and sensor systems that are designed to reduce disaster risks. These systems have proved to be eective. Unfortunately, as all systems including human beings, a part of unpredictable remains. Indeed, each person behaves dierently when a problem arises. In this paper, we focus on people behaviors in crisis situations: from the definition of factors that impact human behavior to the integration of these behaviors, with three dierent modeling propositions, into a warning system in order to have more and more eÿcient crisis management systems.
Address Paris-Dauphine University PSL Research University CNRS, LAMSADE 75016 Paris, France;
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2006
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Author Yoshiki Ogawa; Yuki Akiyama; Ryosuke Shibasaki
Title Extraction of significant scenarios for earthquake damage estimation using sparse modeling Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 150-163
Keywords Big data; Mobile phone GPS logs; People flow; Micro geodata; Damage distribution
Abstract The recent diversification and accumulation of data from GPS equipped mobile phones, building sensors, and other resources in Japan has caused a large increase in the number of earthquake disaster scenarios that can be identified. Disaster prevention planning requires us to contemplate which scenario should be focused on and the required response to various scenarios. As a means to solve this problem, the damage distribution of building collapse and fire from GPS data can be used to estimate future damage based on people flow and various hypocenter models of earthquakes. We propose a method that uses sparse modeling to extract scenarios that are important for disaster estimation and prevention. As a result, this paper makes it possible to quickly grasp the scenario distribution, which was previously impossible to do, and to extract the significant scenarios.
Address The University of Tokyo
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2007
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Author Christopher W. Zobel; Milad Baghersad; Yang Zhang
Title Calling 311: evaluating the performance of municipal services after disasters Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 164-172
Keywords Resilience; Municipal Departments; 311 Service Center; Disaster; Critical Infrastructure
Abstract As part of a movement towards enabling smart cities, a growing number of urban areas in the USA, such as New York City, Boston, and Houston, have established 311 call centers to receive service requests from their citizens through a variety of platforms. In this paper, for the first time, we propose to leverage the large amount of data provided by these non-emergency service centers to help characterize their operational performance in the context of a natural disaster event. We subsequently develop a metric based on the number of open service requests, which can serve as the basis for comparing the relative performance of different departments across different disasters and in different geographic locations within a given urban area. We then test the applicability and usefulness of the approach using service request data collected from New York City's 311 service center.
Address Virginia Tech
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response AndManagement
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2008
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Author Quentin Schoen; Sébastien Truptil; Franck Fontanili; Matthieu Lauras; Anne-Ghislaine Anquetil
Title Tracking in real time the blood products transportations to make good decisions Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 173-180
Keywords Blood; Physical Internet; Complex Event Processing; Process Mining
Abstract The French Blood Establishment (EFS) is the only one in France allowed dealing with the blood supply chain. The EFS centers are scattered in France and blood products are transported over hundreds of kilometers, from collection sites to hubs and from the hubs to distribution sites. The strong constraints on lifetime and storage conditions imply a traceability of transportation steps very accurate, which is necessary in case of unexpected and unwanted events. To make “good” decisions, we propose in this research work to use the Physical Internet philosophy. Thanks to sensors in containers and Complex Event Processing modules to aggregate and filter the data collected, we would be able to create a real time “field model”. In case of crisis this model would be helpful and perfectly adapted to help the crisis unit to make “good” decisions and maybe propose solutions based on the past events.
Address IMT – Mines d'Albi Carmaux – Centre Génie Industriel; Etablissement Français du Sang
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2009
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Author Andrew J. Hampton; Shreyansh Bhatt; Alan Smith; Jeremy Brunn; Hemant Purohit; Valerie L. Shalin; John M. Flach; Amit P. Sheth
Title Constructing Synthetic Social Media Stimuli for an Emergency Preparedness Functional Exercise Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 181-189
Keywords Social media; emergency preparedness; synthetic microblog corpus; disaster response training
Abstract This paper details the creation of a massive (over 32,000 messages) artificially constructed 'Twitter' microblog stream for a regional emergency preparedness functional exercise. By combining microblog conversion, manual production, and a control set, we created a web-based information stream providing valid, misleading, and irrelevant information to public information officers (PIOs) representing hospitals, fire departments, the local Red Cross, and city and county government officials. Addressing the challenges in constructing this corpus constitutes an important step in providing experimental evidence that complements observational study, necessary for designing effective social media tools for the emergency response setting. Preliminary results in the context of an emergency preparedness exercise suggest how social media can participate in the work practice of a PIO concerning the assessment of the disaster and the dissemination of information within the emergency response organization and to the public.
Address University of Memphis; Wright State University; George Mason University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2010
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Author Erik A.M. Borglund
Title The Role of Artefacts in Creating a Common Operational Picture During Large Crises Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 191-203
Keywords Artefactual multiplity; Artefacts; Common operational picture; Temporal command setting; Police operations; Staff
Abstract This paper is about the work that takes place during large police operations in different command post settings, and how artefacts are used in the collaborative process in creating a common operational picture (COP). We apply “artefactual multiplicity” as our analytical lens. An interpretative research approach has been applied in form of ethnographical field studies using observation and informal interviews as data collection techniques. The artefacts that have been studied are definable as common artefacts, i.e. artefacts that are commonly available in our work environment. Based upon the five separate studies, the artefacts studied are found to be very important as collaborative tools and many also have embedded visualization functionalities. The main contribution from this research is 1) extensive knowledge about how the artefacts are used in the establishment of the COP during large police operations, where the process of establishing the COP is, to a very large extent, dependent upon the artefacts' collaborative and multiple functions; 2) the proposal and suggestion to study the whole staff and the artefacts used by the staff as one heterogeneous unit, as a record of activities. Studies of single artefacts in isolation reduce the possibility of seeing the full multiplicity of all the artefacts used within the staff, and the complexity of the intertwined web of artefactual functions.
Address Mid Sweden University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Command and control studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2011
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Author Per Wikberg; Dennis Andersson; Björn Johansson
Title Assessing command and control teams' performance and agility Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 204-219
Keywords Command and control; Agility; Adaptability; Performance assessment
Abstract Crisis response organizations and military units must be agile and able to adapt to dynamic situations. The ability to adapt includes command and control agility, organizational adaptability and individual adaptability. An exploratory study of these adaptability traits were undertaken during a naval exercise. The exercise scenario was designed to progressively become more challenging, suggesting decreased performance and adaptability over time. The study objectives were to develop a data collection approach for adaptability traits and to investigate association between these traits and performance. Data collected from four command teams were evaluated in terms of response rate and item variation. Principal component analysis was used to explore latent structures and relationships. The results indicate acceptable survey response rates and trends showing a decrease in organizational adaptability and C2 agility over time while individual adaptability increased. The analysis also identified five partially independent components in the latent structure.
Address Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Command and control studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2012
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Author Lisette de Koning; Kees van Dongen; Floor Thönissen; Thom de Vries; Peter Essens
Title A tool to quickly increase knowledge for effective coordination in crises Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 220-233
Keywords Coordination; collaboration; team knowledge; integrated understanding; preparation
Abstract In complex crises, coordination between organizations is challenging. Knowledge needed to coordinate, like responsibilities, capabilities and interdependencies between tasks are often not known or not communicated systematically. As a result, coordination develops gradually and causes confusion. In this paper we describe an approach and tool called 'Profiler', that focuses on quickly increasing knowledge and understanding about the participating organizations while preparing for, or at the beginning of a crisis. Profiler was evaluated during an exercise of 1 Civil Military Coordination Battalion (1CIMICbat). Teams consisting of functional specialists performed a damage and needs assessments after a flooding. The results show that participants that used Profiler increased their knowledge and integrated understanding, when this was initially lacking. Further, participants with improved knowledge and integrated understanding, coordinated more within and between teams, when they perceived to be interdependent. Our results point in the direction that coordination effectiveness and efficiency may be improved with our approach.
Address TNO; University of Groningen
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Command and control studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2013
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Author Tim Grant
Title A Meta-theory of Command & Control in Emergency Management Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 234-245
Keywords Command and control; doctrine; meta-theory; scientific discipline; entity-relationship modelling
Abstract This paper presents work in progress on developing a meta-theory of C2 in emergency management. Most research in C2 focuses just on one or two scientific disciplines. Just one paper has been found that gives a systematic overview of the science of C2. The approach taken employs entity-relationship modelling, yielding a set of scientific disciplines. These disciplines are compared with five military C2 doctrine publications. Doctrine found in at least four publications corresponded to the disciplines of decision theory, leadership theory, organizational theory, psychology, and the degree of delegation. Some topics not covered by the disciplines were found, indicating that analysis should be extended to C2 processes, resilience, and agility, permitting the development of guidance for practitioners. Further work is needed to compare the disciplines with civilian doctrine. Moreover, the disciplines could be compared to ICCRTS and ISCRAM conference proceedings, yielding an assessment of the maturity of C2 research.
Address Retired But Active Researcher (R-BAR)
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Command and control studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2014
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Author Inga Kroener; Hayley Watson; Julia Muraszkiewicz
Title Agility in crisis management information systems requires an iterative and flexible approach to assessing ethical, legal and social issues Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 247-255
Keywords Agile; crisis management; information systems; ethical and privacy impact assessment
Abstract This paper focuses on the assessment of ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) in relation to agile information systems in the domain of crisis management. The authors analyse the differing needs of a move from a traditional approach to the development of information systems to an agile approach, which offers flexibility, adaptability and responds to the needs of users as the system develops. In turn, the authors argue that this development requires greater flexibility and an iterative approach to assessing ELSI. The authors provide an example from the Horizon 2020 EU-funded project iTRACK (Integrated system for real-time TRACKing and collective intelligence in civilian humanitarian missions) to exemplify this move to an iterative approach in practice, drawing on the process of undertaking an ethical and privacy impact assessment for the purpose of this project.
Address Trilateral Research Ltd.
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2015
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Author Vitaveska Lanfranchi
Title Machine Learning and Social Media in Crisis Management: Agility vs Ethics Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 256-265
Keywords Machine Learning; Social Media; Intelligent systems; Ethics; Privacy; Mitigation Strategies
Abstract One of the most used sources of information for fast and flexible crisis information is social media or crowdsourced data, as the information is rapidly disseminated, can reach a large amount of target audience and covers a wide variety of topics. However, the agility that these new methodologies enable comes at a price: ethics and privacy. This paper presents an analysis of the ethical risks and implications of using automated system that learn from social media data to provide intelligence in crisis management. The paper presents a short overview on the use of social media data in crisis management to then highlight ethical implication of machine learning and social media data using an example scenario. In conclusion general mitigation strategies and specific implementation guidelines for the scenario under analysis are presented.
Address OAK Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2016
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Author Sarah Bratt; Bryan Semaan; Lauren Britton; Bryan Dosono; Franco Zeno
Title Translation in Personal Crises: Opportunities for Wearables Design Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 266-279
Keywords Transitions; personal crises; identity; identity creep; sensors; wearables; design
Abstract This paper reports on a qualitative study exploring personal crises that emerge during transitions. Personal crises, like crises caused by natural disasters, often lead to new behaviors and opportunities for technology appropriation and design. Through interviews with 14 military veterans re-integrating into civilian society, we find that the veterans' transitions involve several impediments related to translation work--the process through which people make sense of the conflicting rules and norms between former and present social realities. We developed guidelines for the design of new wearable devices that can aid veterans in the translation process by proposing a six-fold schema of design criteria for wearables--detection, nudging, portability/proximity, inconspicuousness, connectivity, and reflection--to empower veterans in managing personal crises, fostering resilience, and creating normalcy. Finally, we develop the concept of identity creep to explicate these translation-breakdowns.
Address Syracuse University; Medical College of Wisconsin
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2017
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Author Linda Plotnick; Murray Turoff; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Julie Dugdale
Title Thumbs up? Attitudes of Emergency Managers to Proposed Masters Programs in EM With an IS Focus Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 1030-1042
Keywords Emergency Management Education; Master's curricula
Abstract Information Systems (IS) increasingly are used in Emergency Management (EM), so it is prudent to include IS study in EM education. This paper presents the results of analyzing the responses to a survey that proposed potential courses for programs at the master's level. The survey was completed by 373 practitioners, academics and/or researchers with EM experience. All proposed courses were rated above 4 on a 7-point scale for how essential they are to the curriculum. However, there were disagreements. Qualitative analysis of volunteered comments indicate that some low ratings were due to disagreement with the content of the course as described, or with the need for an entire course to cover the topic. An unexpected finding was that a substantial number of respondents spontaneously expressed opposition to the use of IS for EM in general. The findings are discussed and a preliminary curriculum is proposed.
Address Plotnick Consulting LLC; New Jersey Institute of Technology; University of Grenoble-Alps, LIG; University of Agder
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Future Trends Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2086
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Author Christian Siemen; Roberto dos Santos Rocha; Roelof P. van den Berg; Bernd Hellingrath; João Porto de Albuquerque
Title Collaboration among Humanitarian Relief Organizations and Volunteer Technical Communities: Identifying Research Opportunities and Challenges through a Systematic Literature Review Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 1043-1054
Keywords Volunteer Technical Communities; Response Agencies; Disaster Management; Decision-Making; Humanitarian Logistics
Abstract Collaboration is the foundation to strengthen disaster preparedness and for effective emergency response actions at all levels. Some studies have highlighted that remote volunteers, i.e., volunteers supported by Web 2.0 technologies, possess the potential to strengthen humanitarian relief organizations by offering information regarding disaster-affected people and infrastructure. Although studies have explored various aspects of this topic, none of those provided an overview of the state-of-the-art of researches on the collaboration among humanitarian organizations and communities of remote volunteers. With the aim of overcoming this gap, a systematic literature review was conducted on the existing research works. Therefore, the main contribution of this work lies in examining the state of research in this field and in identifying potential research gaps. The results show that most of the research works addresses the general domain of disaster management, whereas only few of them address the domain of humanitarian logistics.
Address University of Münster, Münster, Germany; University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Future Trends Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2087
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Author Xiaodan Yu; Deepak Khazanchi
Title Studying Virtual Teams during Organizational Crisis from a Sociomaterial Perspective Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 1055
Keywords Virtual team; sociomaterialism; organizational crisis; shared mental models; adaptive use of IT
Abstract In this paper, we propose sociomaterialism as a theoretical lens for studying virtual team management during organizational crisis. In applying this lens, we propose the use of pattern theory as the method of choice for documenting effective practices for managing virtual teams in organizational crisis settings.
Address University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China; University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Future Trends Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2088
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