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Author |
Norbert Steigenberger |
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Title |
Organizing for the Big One ? A Review of Case Studies on Multi – Agency D isa s- ter Response and a Research Agenda |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Cognition; Communication; Coordination; Disaster Response; Response Plan; Review |
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Abstract |
Disaster response operations exceed the capacities of each single organization
Disaster response operations exceed the capacities of each single organization and thus require cooperation by at least two, often up to some hundred agencies who do seldom interact in their daily operations. The result is a complex problem of cognition, coordination, command and control. This paper presents a review of empirical studies on multi-agency coordination in disaster response operations in order to initiate and facilitate cross-case learning. The review covers 72 empirical studies and highlights the importance of themes such as plans and plan enactment, leadership or personal acquaintance of actors in emergent multi-agency response networks. The analysis also shows that while some themes received extensive coverage in scholarly publications (e.g. training, skills), various important topics have not been studied in sufficient depth (e.g. development of common operational pictures, plan enactment). Based on these insights, the review develops a research agenda and derives various recommendations for practical disaster response management. |
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University of Cologne |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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Series Volume |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
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Track |
Network Theory |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1176 |
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Author |
Astrid Janssen; Hanneke Vreugdenhil |
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Title |
Objective oriented exercise evaluation with TARCK-it |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Disaster Management; evaluation; exercise; serious gaming |
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Abstract |
Do we fully utilize the results of disaster management exercises? Do we miss valuable feedback? Many different types of disaster management exercises, command post exercises, tabletop exercises, or serious games have a specific purpose. Generally each exercise is designed to meet its own particular exercise goals. Evaluation of the exercises is achieved in many different ways. Not always guidelines for exercise evaluation are present. Generally the exercise participants? performance is assessed by experienced staff members. The main purpose of the evaluation is to see whether the exercise goals are met. In this publication the authors suggest that a valuable source of information about the participants? performance in exercises remains often undiscovered. A new level of information can be unlocked by evaluating the exercise using a structured, analytical method. The method TARCK-it directly compares measured participant or team performance with the exercise goals. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
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Track |
Human Centred Design and Evaluation |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1223 |
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Author |
Florian Brauner; Julia Maertens; Holger Bracker; Ompe Aimé Mudimu; Alex Lechleuthner |
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Title |
Determination of the effectiveness of security measures for low probability but high consequence events: A comparison of multi-agent-simulation & process modelling by experts |
Type |
Conference Volume |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Decision Support; Efficient Strategy Planning; Modelling and Simulation; Multi-Agent-Simulation; Prioritizing security measures; Scenario-based Risk Assessment Method |
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Abstract |
Due to the increasing danger of terrorist attacks, it is necessary to determine the preventive effects of security measures installed in e.g. public transportation systems. Since, there is no common practice to determine the preventive effects; we developed two different methodologies to analyse those effects, both are suitable for the assessment of security measures. The first method is a semi-quantitative method based on expert-estimations combined with a modelled process of an attack.The second method models the scenarios using a multi-agent-based simulation framework. Simulating a large number of runs, it is possible to derive values for indicators of interest on statistical basis. We show the suitability of both methods by applying them on a practical example of a public transportation system. In this paper we introduce both methodologies, show an exemplary application and present the strengths and weaknesses and how they can be linked to get an increased benefit. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
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Track |
Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1322 |
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Author |
Leon J. M. Rothkrantz; Siska Fitrianie |
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Title |
Bayesian Classification of Disaster Events on the Basis of Icon Messages of Observers |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Bayesian reasoning; classification of disaster events; crisis ontology; Icon-based language |
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Abstract |
During major disaster events, human operators in a crisis center will be overloaded with under-stress a flood of phone calls. As an increasing number of people in and around big cities do not master the native language, the need for automated systems that automatically process the context and content of information about disaster situations from the communicated messages becomes apparent. To support language-independent communication and to reduce the ambiguity and multitude semantics, we developed an icon-based reporting observation system. Contrast to previous approaches of such a system, we link icon messages to disaster events without using Natural Language Processing. We developed a dedicated set of icons related to the context and characteristic features of disaster events. The developed system is able to compute the probability of the appearance of possible disaster events using Bayesian reasoning. In this paper, we present the reporting system, the developed icons, the Bayesian model, and the results of two experiments. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
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Track |
Human Centred Design and Evaluation |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1219 |
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Author |
Hossein Baharmand; Tina Comes |
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Title |
A Framework for Shelter Location Decisions by Ant Colony Optimization |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Ant Colony Optimization; Crisis Management; Location Decision; Shelter Planning |
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Abstract |
Earthquakes frequently destroy the homes and livelihoods of thousands. One of the most important concerns after an earthquake is to find a safe shelter for the affected people. Because of large numbers of potential locations, the multitude of constraints (e.g. access to infrastructures; security); and the uncertainty prevailing (e.g., number of places required) the identification of optimal shelter locations is a complex problem. Nevertheless, rapidly locating shelters and transferring the affected people to the nearest shelters are high priority in crisis situations. In this paper, we develop a framework based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to support decisions-makers in the response phase. Using the same framework, we also derive recommendations for urban planning in the preparedness phase. We demonstrate our method with a case focusing on the city of Kerman, in Iran. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decision Support Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1292 |
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Author |
Yaping Ma; Hui Zhang; Tao Chen; Rui Yang |
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Title |
Decentralized Evacuation System Based on Occupants Distribution and Building Information |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
decentralized system; decision making support system; Evacuation guidance; sensor and network |
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Abstract |
Effective evacuation is critical for safety of occupants. The exiting evacuation systems lack flexibility and don?t consider the distribution of occupants. It is possible to direct occupants to danger areas or cause congestion in certain areas. In this paper, a decentralized evacuation system is proposed to compute the safest path in real time. The system is composed of fire detection sensors, zone controllers, elevator sensors, human tracking and monitoring systems and dynamic egress signs. All devices are placed at the predetermined locations based on integrated design of the building. The entire building is divided into many basic zones which are operating quite independently, and global information is communicated to neighboring zones and consequently to entire network by zone controllers. The system acts in decentralized fashion. The elevator and dynamic factors are considered in guidance system. Simulations are performed to determine the advantage of the system. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decision Support Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1294 |
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Author |
Thomas Usländer; Ingo Simonis |
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Title |
Geospatial ICT Support for Crisis Management and Response |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
geospatial services; ICT; Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC); Scenarios; service-oriented analysis and design; use cases |
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Abstract |
Efficient crisis response and management requires well-informed actors and stakeholders and effective means for communication and policy enforcement. A secure and dependable geospatial information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure may be an indispensable aid if it is tailored to the needs of the respective risk and crisis management phases and the various users.
During an ISCRAM 2015 workshop experts of the risk and crisis management community meet software architects and engineers of the geospatial domain. The objective is to investigate use cases and map them to capabilities of an underlying geospatial ICT infrastructure. The workshop shall launch a sustainable discussion between ISCRAM and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), especially its Emergency and Disaster Management (EDM) domain working group, beyond ISCRAM 2015. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Workshop |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1298 |
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Author |
Sung-Yueh Perng; Monika Büscher |
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Title |
Uncertainty and Transparency: Augmenting Modelling and Prediction for Crisis Respons |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Collaboration; modelling prediction; reasoning; transparency; uncertainty |
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Abstract |
Emergencies are characterised by uncertainty. This motivates the design of information systems that model and predict complex natural, material or human processes to support understanding and reduce uncertainty through prediction. The correspondence between system models and reality, however, is also governed by uncertainties, and designers have developed methods to render ?the world? transparent in ways that can inform, fine-tune and validate models. Additionally, people experience uncertainties in their use of simulation and prediction systems. This is a major obstacle to effective utilisation. We discuss ethically and socially motivated demands for transparency. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Ethical, Legal and Social Issues |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1200 |
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Author |
Diana C. Arce Cuesta; Gilbert J. Huber; Jose Orlando Gomes; Paulo V. R. Carvalho |
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Title |
A Framework to Capture Incidents during Emergency Situations |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
contingency plans; emergency response; incidents, learning |
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Abstract |
Emergency organizations have contingency plans, which define responsibilities, resources, and actions to be performed in an emergency situation. However, unexpected incidents may arise and cause additional difficulty in the emergency control process. The knowledge that team members develop to deal with these incidents and keep the system ?functioning? improves resilience and response and is very valuable for such organizations. This research addresses the problem of how to capture the incidents and knowledge generated during the emergency response through a conceptual framework. The framework defines a structured process for preparation and capture of incidents during an emergency through direct observations, to assist in the capture and proper representation of the incidents to produce knowledge within other practitioners. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1320 |
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Author |
Ajay Kumar; Johnny Søraker |
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Title |
Ethics of Information Systems Design in Humanitarian Sector: Cultivating Humanitarian values among Technologists |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Applied Ethics, Computer Ethics; Humanitarian Principles; Red Cross Code of Conduct; Value Sensitive Design |
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Abstract |
Ethical considerations have been an important part of the humanitarian discourse for decades. The short paper aims to present insights from the point of view of a technology practitioner with field experience in the humanitarian sector and emphasise on the need for continued dialogue about the importance of ethics in design of appropriate technology. The paper advocates for a value sensitive design approach to information systems design and proposes the need for increasing sensitivity towards the issues in technologist working in the area and draws an outline for possible future research. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
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Track |
Practitioner Cases and Practitioner-Centered Research |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1267 |
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Author |
Katrina Petersen; Monika Büscher |
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Title |
Technology in Disaster Response and Management: Narratives of Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Computer Ethics; Disaster; Ethical; Humanitarian Principles; Legal and Social Issues; Value Sensitive Design |
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Abstract |
Ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) are widely recognised as important in IT innovation for crisis response and management. However, attention often struggles to get beyond theorising basic concepts, when the realities of how difficulties and opportunities manifest are complex and practical. Unless these realities are understood, solutions to ELSI will remain at the surface, missing opportunities to responsibly and creatively leverage the potential of IT in disaster response. This workshop brings together narratives of lived experiences of ethical, legal, and social issues encountered in the context of IT innovation in disaster response, and analyses of normative, policy and regulatory backgrounds. In this editorial, we motivate this turn to narrative, summarise the contributions that will be presented on the day, and set out some key questions. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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Series Volume |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
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Workshop |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1296 |
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Author |
Kevin D. Henry; Tim G. Frazier |
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Title |
Scenario-Based Modeling of Community Evacuation Vulnerability |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Disaster Management; evacuation modeling; natural hazards; vulnerability assessment |
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Abstract |
Evacuation models can be used to determine evacuation capacity, by estimating the time required for evacuating populations to leave areas exposed to a hazard. Disaster management practices and evacuation modeling are generally carried out to prepare for ?worst-case? conditions. However, hazard severity is highly variable. Performing evacuation modeling for multiple hazard scenarios may provide flexibility and a comprehensive understanding of evacuation capacity. A case study was undertaken to analyze the merit of scenario-based evacuation modeling. Results demonstrate a difference in clearance time between maximum and historic tsunami scenario modeling. During a smaller-scale event, allowing the maximum scenario population to evacuate can add congestion and inhibit evacuation of at-risk populations. Managing evacuation can improve evacuation efficiency by preventing unneeded congestion. Results show that traditional worst-case-scenario modeling may lead to overestimation of time needed to evacuate. Planning under such a scenario may increase risk to smaller-scale hazards. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1303 |
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Author |
Anne Marie Barthe; Sébastien Truptil; Frédérick Bénaben |
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Title |
Towards a taxonomy of crisis management simulation tools |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
crisis management tool; simulation; taxonomy; test-bed |
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Abstract |
Experimentation is an essential element to improve crisis management and to assess crisis management tools. Unfortunately, for the moment, real crisis management experimentations are episodic and generally focus on a specific geographical and/or thematic area. This is why the European DRIVER project aims to provide a test-bed platform where crisis management testing and experimentation can be carried out with a mix of live and simulated actions. To achieve this goal, simulation tools have to be identified, described and classified in order to (i) help the user to select tools and models based on the experimentation requirements and (ii) to allow the DRIVER platform to insure exchange information between simulated actions and live actions. This paper focuses on the taxonomy used to classify simulation tools relevant for crisis management. This taxonomy is divided into three main categories of characteristics: (i) business (type/topic of the simulation), (ii) legal (terms of use), (iii) technical (integration within the DRIVER platform and/or other crisis management (simulation) tools). |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decision Support Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1285 |
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Author |
Marlen Hofmann; Hans Betke; Stefan Sackmann |
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Title |
Automated Analysis and Adaptation of Disaster Response Processes with Place-Related Restrictions |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Business Process Management; Disaster response management; Process Adaptation; Process Analysis; Workflow Management Systems |
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Abstract |
For recent years, disaster response management is considered as a promising field for applying methods and tools from business process management. Especially the development of adaptive workflow management systems (WfMS) brought a process-oriented management of highly dynamic disaster response processes (DRP) within tangible reach. However, time criticality, unpredictability or complex and changing disaster reality make it impossible to analyze and adapt ongoing DRP within reasonable time manually. Hence, to foster the application of disaster response WfMS in practice, it becomes mandatory to develop methods supporting an (semi-)automated analyses and adaption of ongoing DRP. Addressing this research gap, we present a novel method called DRP-ADAPT which analyzes given DRP models with respect to place-related conflicts and resolves inoperable response activities (semi-)automatically by process adaptation. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decision Support Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1278 |
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Author |
Suvodeep Mazumdar; Stuart N. Wrigley; Neil Ireson; Fabio Ciravegna |
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Title |
Geo-fence driven crowd-sourcing for Emergencies |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
crowd sourcing; Emergency Management; Geofence; situation awareness |
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Abstract |
For some emergency situations an effective response can be reliant on sensor data (e.g. river level, traffic flow, weather conditions) to provide situation awareness, in order to help authorities make informed decisions. Gathering data in a traditional approach, i.e. using precise physical sensors, is a highly expensive task, involving procurement, installation and maintenance of a number of sensors. As a result, the coverage of sensors is limited and only the regions deemed most important by authorities are monitored. However, regions currently not being monitored can have an urgent need to be sensed depending on emergencies or situations. We present a high-level overview of the Locaware system, which employs a flexible geofencing approach to enable crowdsourcing by requesting citizens and volunteers to help authorities formulate a greater situation awareness of a region under consideration. While the Locaware system is motivated for water monitoring, our approach can be applied in other contexts. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Community Engagement |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1273 |
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Author |
Joaquin Ramirez; Miguel Mendes; Santiago Monedero |
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Title |
Enhanced forest fire risk assessment through the use of fire simulation models |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Electric supply network; fire growth potential; hazard; risk assessment; wildfire analyst |
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Abstract |
Forest fire risk assessment is an important task for forest fire management and planning. This paper presents current work on the definition and implementation of forest fire risk assessment models in the Wildfire AnalystTM software with the purpose of providing support and increased value in risk assessment. Three models are presented based on the concept of forest fire risk: forest fire structural hazard model that provides the assessment of the expected easiness that a fire has to spread in a certain area, a stochastic model that assesses the fire growth potential considering as potential ignition points critical elements of electric supply networks and a stochastic model that assesses the potential impact of forest fires on these infrastructures. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Analytical Modelling and Simulation |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1192 |
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Author |
Ahmed T. Elsergany; Amy L. Griffin; Paul Tranter; Sameer Alam |
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Title |
Development of a Geographic Information System for Riverine Flood Disaster Evacuation in Canberra, Australia: Trip Generation and Distribution Modelling |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Evacuation; Geographic Information System; Riverine Flooding; Static and Dynamic Population; Trip generation |
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Abstract |
Given the importance of geographic information for riverine flood evacuations, a geographic information system (GIS) is a vital tool for supporting successful flood evacuation operations. This paper discusses the development of a GIS-based riverine flood evacuation model which used to model trip distributions between flooded areas and relocation shelters. As the ultimate goal of this research is to simulate, model, and optimise a planned evacuation, all components of evacuation time have been considered (e.g., travel time between flooded areas and relocation shelters, warning time for each flooded area, and the time needed for evacuation before these areas get inundated). As well, variation in population (static and dynamic population) within the flooded areas has been considered. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Geospatial Data and Geographical Information Science |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1214 |
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Author |
Laura Laguna Salvadó; Matthieu Lauras; Tina Comes; Bartel Van de Walle |
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Title |
Towards More Relevant Research on Humanitarian Disaster Management Coordination |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Coordination; Disaster Management; Field-oriented research; Typhoon Haiyan |
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Abstract |
Humanitarian crisis require a responsive and agile response. The number of professional and volunteer organization involved in the response to humanitarian disasters has increased over the past year, making coordination more important than ever before. This paper discusses the main issues of Humanitarian Disaster Management (HDM) coordination and the different modes applied on the field. We argue that while these challenges have been addressed by scientific literature with dedicated solutions, there is still a considerable gap between humanitarian best practice and academic state of the art.
This paper proposes a field-oriented methodology to bridge this gap. We analyze the findings from field research on the Typhoon Haiyan response (Philippines, 2013) and deduce practitioners? requirements for HDM coordination support systems. Then we suggest a research agenda from a gap analysis comparing requirements with the existing solutions and the scientific approaches. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Researching Crisis: Methodologies |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1251 |
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Author |
Laura Laguna Salvadó; Matthieu Lauras; Tina Comes |
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Title |
Humanitarian Value Stream Mapping: Application to the EBOLA Outbreak |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Decision-Makers; Ebola Outbreak; Humanitarian Supply Chain; Value Stream Mapping |
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Abstract |
Humanitarian Supply Chain Management serves as bridge between needs and aid provided. Flows of goods and information connect the field to headquarters, distribution to procurement, beneficiaries to donors. The problems of decision-making, information sharing and coordination can be studied with this special logistics focus. We present a Value Stream Mapping approach that provides a structure to analyze and understand the problems arising in practice, such as bottlenecks; waiting times; or misaligned procurement and distribution policies. We demonstrate our lean-management approach by using the ongoing Ebola Outbreak in West Africa as Case Study. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decision Support Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1283 |
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Author |
Benjamin Herfort; Melanie Eckle; João Porto de Albuquerque; Alexander Zipf |
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Title |
Towards assessing the quality of volunteered geographic information from OpenStreetMap for identifying critical infrastructures |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Critical Infrastructure; Disaster Management; Emergency planning; OpenStreetMap; Volunteered Geographic |
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Abstract |
Identifying the assets of a community that are part of its Critical Infrastructure (CI) is a crucial task in emergency planning. However, this task can prove very challenging due to the costs involved in defining the methodology and gathering the necessary data. Volunteered Geographic Information from collaborative maps such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) may be able to make a contribution in this context, since it contains valuable local knowledge. However, research is still due to assess the quality of OSM for the particular purpose of identifying critical assets. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a catalogue of critical asset types, based on the analysis of different reference frameworks. We thus analyze how good the emergent OSM data model is for representing these asset types, by verifying whether they can be mapped to tags used by the OSM community. Results show that critical asset types of all selected sectors and branches are well represented in OSM. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1313 |
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Author |
Ying Zhao; Mengqi Yuan; Guofeng Su; Tao Chen |
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Title |
Crowd Security Detection based on Entropy Model |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Crowd mutation; crowd security; entropy; warning alarm |
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Abstract |
Identifying the terror attack, illegal public gathering or other mass events risks by utilizing cameras is an important concern both in crowd security area and in pattern recognition research area. This paper provides a physical entropy model to measure the crowd security level.The entropy model was created by identifying individuals?moving velocity and the related probability. The individuals are represented by Harris Corners in videos, thus to avoid the time-consuming human recognition task. Simulation experiment and video detection experiments were conducted, verified that in the disordered state, the entropy is higher; while in ordered state, the entropy is much lower; when the crowd security has a sudden change, the entropy will change. It was verified that the entropy is the applicable indicator of crowd security. By recognizing the entropy mutation, it is possible to automatically detect the abnormal crowd behavior and to set the warning alarm. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Analytical Modelling and Simulation |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1180 |
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Author |
Sérgio Freire; Aneta Florczyk; Stefano Ferri |
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Title |
Modeling Day- and Nighttime Population Exposure at High Resolution: Application to Volcanic Risk Assessment in Campi Flegrei |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Campi Flegrei; dasymetric mapping; EMS2013; GHSL; NDPop; Population exposure; volcanic risk |
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Abstract |
Improving analyses of population exposure to potential natural hazards, especially sudden ones, requires more detailed geodemographic data. Availability of such information for large areas is limited by specific database requirements and their cost.
This paper introduces and tests a new approach for refining spatio-temporal population distribution at high resolution by combining diverse geoinformation layers. Its value is demonstrated in the context of disaster risk analysis and emergency management by using the data in a real volcanic risk scenario in Campi Flegrei, located within the metropolitan area of Naples, Italy. Results show that there is significant variation in exposure from nighttime to daytime in the study area.
The proposed modeling approach can be applied and customized for other metropolitan areas, ultimately benefiting disaster risk assessment and mitigation. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Geospatial Data and Geographical Information Science |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1217 |
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Author |
Sofie Ivarsson |
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Title |
New method for evaluation of crisis communication in exercises ? involve the public |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
community; Crisis communication; evaluation method; Exercises; the public |
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Abstract |
In 2014, the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) carried out a comprehensive crisis communication multi-sector exercise. To evaluate communication in exercises there is a need for involving the public as they are the primary target group in most crises. Systematically involving the public in evaluation of exercises has only been done a few times in Sweden and there are no known international attempts. We therefore developed a method where a representative sample of 2 000 persons was drawn from the Swedish population register and invited to assess communication during the exercise. The so-called ?Public Network? finally consisted of 99 people who contributed extensively with 395 assessment questionnaires. This paper describes the method, the results and experiences. We encourage other organizations to involve the public in exercises for evaluation purposes. The results show that there is a willingness among the public to contribute to the development of crisis preparedness. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Community Engagement |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1274 |
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Author |
Ikki Niwa; Toshihiro Osaragi; Takuya Oki; Noriaki Hirokawa |
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Title |
Development of Real Time Synchronous Web Application for Posting and Utilizing Disaster Information |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
database; Disaster information; information posting; information sharing; real time; Web application |
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Abstract |
In a large earthquake, rescue operations and fire-fighting are obstructed by fire-spreading and street-blockages. Therefore, it is important to quickly collect and utilize disaster information for disaster mitigation. In this paper, firstly, we develop a Web application for posting and viewing information collected by users in real time. Using this system, it is possible not only to easily share disaster information among users but also to apply to damage forecast such as fire-spreading. Next, we demonstrate the usefulness of the Web application by the following evaluation view points: (1) relationship between the access time of emergency vehicles from fire stations to the locations of fires and the ratio of collected information on street-blockage which is assumed to be collected with this system; (2) reciprocating time between a server and a client which is dependent on the number of users and band limitation after the occurrence of a disaster. |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
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Track |
Geospatial Data and Geographical Information Science |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1216 |
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Author |
Mehdi Ben Lazreg; Jaziar Radianti; Ole-Christoffer Granmo |
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Title |
SmartRescue: Architecture for Fire Crisis Assessment and Prediction |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2015 |
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Keywords |
Bayesian Network; Fire Prediction; Indoor Positioning; Smartphone App |
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Abstract |
In case of indoor fire hazards, firefighters face difficulties at assessing the fire situation and evacuating trapped victim inside the building, especially when the fire is big, and the building is unknown to them. On the other hand, modern sensor technologies in smartphone are becoming more advanced, widespread, and can be exploited for helping the firefighting operation. This paper proposes using smartphones as a distributed sensing and computing platform, for supporting firefighters to conduct their mission. The developed solution is based on collecting sensor data from smartphones. A Bayesian network then uses this data to generate a picture of the fire and predict its development. The additional indoor positioning feature make this proposed solution a promising tool to make the firefighter intervention more efficient and fast in order to save more lives. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
University of Agder (UiA) |
Place of Publication |
Kristiansand, Norway |
Editor |
L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9788271177881 |
Medium |
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Track |
Decision Support Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1295 |
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