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Author Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title 17th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings Type Conference Volume
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings � 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-1193  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The 17th annual conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2020) was scheduled to be held in Blacksburg, Virginia from May 24th-27th, 2020. Unfortunately, due to the widespread impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conference organizers and the ISCRAM Board decided to postpone the conference until May 2021. Even though we could not hold the conference as originally planned, all papers accepted for presentation at ISCRAM 2020 are published in the conference proceedings presented here, and the authors of these papers will have the opportunity to present their papers at the 2021 conference. The 2021 conference will once again be hosted at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, and it will take place during the week of May 23rd, 2021.

The theme of ISCRAM 2020 is �Bringing Disaster Resilience into Focus.� These proceedings seek to highlight resilience in Crisis and Emergency Management and to stimulate discussions that enable the design of crisis and emergency management systems that contribute to more resilient organizations and communities. We are pleased to present the accepted papers for ISCRAM 2020, which consist of excellent contributions on a wide range of topics.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-92 ISBN 2411-3478 Medium  
  Track Proceedings Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 2307  
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Author Abhish Khanal; Deepak Chand; Prakash Chaudhary; Subash Timilsina; Sanjeeb Prasad Panday; Aman Shakya; Rom Kant Pandey pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Search Disaster Victims using Sound Source Localization Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1022-1030  
  Keywords Sound Source Localization (SSL); Omni-Directional Drive; Disaster Victim; Generalized Cross Correlation Phase Transform (GCC-PHAT)  
  Abstract Sound Source Localization (SSL) are used to estimate the position of sound sources. Various methods have been used for detecting sound and its localization. This paper presents a system for stationary sound source localization by cubical microphone array consisting of eight microphones placed on four vertical adjacent faces which is mounted on three wheel omni-directional drive for the inspection and monitoring of the disaster victims in disaster areas. The proposed method localizes sound source on a 3D space by grid search method using Generalized Cross Correlation Phase Transform (GCC-PHAT) which is robust when operating in real life scenario where there is lack of visibility. The computed azimuth and elevation angle of victimized human voice are fed to embedded omni-directional drive system which navigates the vehicle automatically towards the stationary sound source.  
  Address Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Sanothimi Campus, Tribhuvan University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-92 ISBN 2411-3478 Medium  
  Track Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) 072bex402@ioe.edu.np Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2293  
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Author Alexander Staves; Harry Balderstone; Benjamin Green; Antonios Gouglidis; David Hutchison pdf  isbn
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  Title A Framework to Support ICS Cyber Incident Response and Recovery Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 638-651  
  Keywords ICS; CNI; Cyber Incident; Guidance; Response and Recovery  
  Abstract During the past decade there has been a steady increase in cyber attacks targeting Critical National Infrastructure. In order to better protect against an ever-expanding threat landscape, governments, standards bodies, and a plethora of industry experts have produced relevant guidance for operators in response to incidents. However, in a context where safety, reliability, and availability are key, combined with the industrial nature of operational systems, advice on the right practice remains a challenge. This is further compounded by the volume of available guidance, raising questions on where operators should start, which guidance set should be followed, and how confidence in the adopted approach can be established. In this paper, an analysis of existing guidance with a focus on cyber incident response and recovery is provided. From this, a work in progress framework is posited, to better support operators in the development of response and recovery operations.  
  Address Lancaster University, UK; Lancaster University, UK; Lancaster University, UK; Lancaster University, UK; Lancaster University, UK  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-59 ISBN 2411-3445 Medium  
  Track Resilience in Critical Infrastructures Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) a.staves@lancaster.ac.uk Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2260  
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Author Andrew Arnette; Christopher W. Zobel; Duygu Pamukcu pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Post-Impact Analysis of Disaster Relief Resource Pre-Positioning After the 2013 Colorado Floods Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 237-243  
  Keywords Disaster Operations Management; Facility Location; Humanitarian Operations  
  Abstract Pre-positioning of supplies is important to facilitate disaster relief operations, however it is only after a disaster event occurs that the effectiveness of the pre-positioning strategy can be properly assessed. With this in mind, this paper analyzes a risk-based pre-positioning algorithm, developed for the American Red Cross, in the context of its actual performance in the 2013 Colorado Front Range floods. The paper assesses the relative effectiveness of the pre-positioning approach with respect to historical asset placements, and it discusses changes to the model that are necessary to support such comparisons and allow for further model extensions.  
  Address University of Wyoming; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-23 ISBN 2411-3409 Medium  
  Track Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) aarnette@uwyo.edu Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2224  
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Author Artur Ricardo Bizon; Luciana P. de Araújo Kohler; Adilson Luiz Nicoletti; Fernanda Dal Bosco; Murilo Schramm da Silva; Thales Bohn Pessatti pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Integration statistical systems for land cover mapping in Southern Brazil Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 498-505  
  Keywords Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Classifier, Google Earth Engine, Remote Sensing.  
  Abstract The remote sensing is a way to optimize the process of land cover classification allowing that this process will be by high definition images of satellite. For the research it was used the Google Earth Engine with JavaScript programming language to classify the images, identifying the areas with forest or reforest. It was identified that classifiers Random Forest and Logistic Regression have a high performance in classify the images. From them it was developed functions to process automatically of new images with purpose of classify them in relation to land cover.  
  Address Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau;Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal -- Universidade Regional de Blumenau  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-47 ISBN 2411-3433 Medium  
  Track Geospatial Technologies and Geographic Information Science for Crisis Management (GIS) Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) abizon@furb.br Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2248  
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Author Alessandro Farasin; Luca Colomba; Giulio Palomba; Giovanni Nini pdf  isbn
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  Title Supervised Burned Areas Delineation by Means of Sentinel-2 Imagery and Convolutional Neural Networks Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1060-1071  
  Keywords Burned Area Delineation, Sentinel-2, U-Net, CuMedVision1, Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning, Supervised Learning, Pixel-wise Segmentation.  
  Abstract Wildfire events are increasingly threatening our lands, cities, and lives. To contrast this phenomenon and to limit its damages, governments around the globe are trying to find proper counter-measures, identifying prevention and monitoring as two key factors to reduce wildfires impact worldwide. In this work, we propose two deep convolutional neural networks to automatically detect and delineate burned areas from satellite acquisitions, assessing their performances at scale using validated maps of burned areas of historical wildfires. We demonstrate that the proposed networks substantially improve the burned area delineation accuracy over conventional methods.  
  Address Politecnico di Torino – DAUIN dept., and LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; Politecnico di Torino – DAUIN dept.; LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-96 ISBN 2411-3482 Medium  
  Track Using Artificial Intelligence to exploit Satellite Data in Risk and Crisis Management Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) alessandro.farasin@polito.it Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2297  
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Author Andrew Marinik; Ludwig Gantner; Scott Fritz; Sean Smith pdf  isbn
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  Title Developing Performance Metrics of an Emergency Notification System Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 663-668  
  Keywords Emergency Notification System, Early Warning System, Socio-Technical Systems Theory.  
  Abstract The use of emergency notification systems (ENS), or early warning systems, are not only common practice among Institutes of Higher Education (IHEs), but are required by law in the United States. The dramatic increase in use is matched by the increase in community expectation. This community expectation corresponding with societal shifts challenges Public Safety leaders to implement and maintain a broad and highly reliable ENS. Most Public Safety programs lack the internal resources to consistently assess system risk, reliability, and messaging validity of their ENS sufficient to match the required system performance. Virginia Tech Emergency Management is proposing an ENS evaluation system capable of supporting assessment of reliability and risk across the entire system through the lens of Socio-Technical Systems (STS) theory at a practitioner level. By organizing emergency notification/early warning systems through Human Subsystems, Technical Subsystems, and Task Design the practitioner can assess their system by performance and risk.  
  Address Virginia Tech Emergency Management; Virginia Tech Network Infrastructure & Services; Virginia Tech Division of Operations IT; Virginia Tech Police Department  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-61 ISBN 2411-3447 Medium  
  Track Resilience in Critical Infrastructures Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) amarinik@vt.edu Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2262  
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Author Ana-Gabriela Núñez; Sebastián Cedillo; Andrés Alvarado Martínez; Ma Carmen Penadés pdf  isbn
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  Title Towards the Building of a Resilient City able to Face Flood Risk Scenarios Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 593-601  
  Keywords Risk Management; Floods; River Morphology; Resilience; IT  
  Abstract Despite the efforts that have been made to inform the community about the possible environmental risks, there is still a general lack of information. Currently, we are working on a flood risk scenario focused on a proposal towards a resilient culture together with the support of Information Technologies (IT) as a way to manage information. The goal is twofold: (i) on the one hand, to manage data in a small scenario to analyze and process the data collected from sensors in different sites in a micro-basin. Data get from data processing such as flow and velocity will then be the input data for hydraulic models to predict floods downstream; (ii) on the other hand, to publicize the predictions and the data already processed means people can benefit from information on flood risks, and the different participants may change their perception and consider cooperating in improving resilience.  
  Address Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador; Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador; Universitat Polit\`{e}cnica de Val\`{e}ncia, Spain  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-55 ISBN 2411-3441 Medium  
  Track Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) anag.nunez@ucuenca.edu.ec Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2256  
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Author Anna Kruspe pdf  isbn
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  Title Detecting Novelty in Social Media Messages During Emerging Crisis Events Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 860-871  
  Keywords Social media; Clustering; Novelty; Embeddings  
  Abstract Social media can be a highly valuable source of information during disasters. A crisis' development over time is of particular interest here, as social media messages can convey unfolding events in near-real time. Previous approaches for the automatic detection of information in such messages have focused on a static analysis, not taking temporal changes and already-known information into account. In this paper, we present a novel method for detecting new topics in incoming Twitter messages (tweets) conditional upon previously found related tweets. We do this by first extracting latent representations of each tweet using pre-trained sentence embedding models. Then, Infinite Mixture modeling is used to dynamically cluster these embeddings anew with each incoming tweet. Once a cluster reaches a minimum number of members, it is considered to be a new topic. We validate our approach on the TREC Incident Streams 2019A data set.  
  Address German Aerospace Center (DLR), Jena, Germany  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-76 ISBN 2411-3462 Medium  
  Track Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) anna.kruspe@dlr.de Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2277  
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Author Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë; Wenxin Mu pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Towards a Context-Aware Systemic Risk Management Framework for the Crisis Response Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1122-1129  
  Keywords Context-Awareness; Risk Analysis; Risk Evaluation; Knowledge Base; Systemic Risk  
  Abstract Crisis response is, as any other collaborative networked organization, challenged by changes and vulnerabilities. Moreover, as a complex system with distributed activities and numerous interdependencies, considering the risk of such an organization at a systemic level, including time and space dimensions, is necessary. Systemic risk management is a topic traditionally studied in the finance area. Even if a few researches now focus on the supply chain management area (a more relatable domain regarding crisis response), there is even fewer literature regarding systemic risk management for the crisis response. Thus, this paper proposes first to define systemic risk related to the case of the crisis response. Then, a framework for context-aware systemic risk management is presented, to support the design as well as the follow-up of the crisis response, meeting one of the challenges of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.  
  Address Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Information Management, Jiao Tong University, Beijing, China  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-101 ISBN 2411-3487 Medium  
  Track Visions for Future Crisis Management Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) annemarie.barthe@ensiacet.fr Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2302  
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Author Arnis Parsovs pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Solving the Estonian ID Card Crisis: the Legal Issues Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 459-471  
  Keywords Cyber Resilience, Electronic Identity, Cyber Legislation, eIDAS.  
  Abstract In 2017, Estonia experienced a cyber crisis caused by a vulnerability found in the smart card chips produced by Infineon Technologies AG. Since the affected chip was used in the electronic identity card (ID card) issued by the State to more than half of the Estonian population, the vulnerability posed a risk to the resilience of Estonian e-state and thus quickly escalated into a manageable crisis. This work studies to what extent, in such a national emergency, the involved parties were able to precisely follow the applicable laws and regulations in the field. We enlist the cases where the requirements were not fully followed, either due to the lack of technical preparedness, suboptimal decisions made under heavy time pressure, or the critical nature of the situation.  
  Address STACC OU, Estonia University of Tartu, Estonia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-44 ISBN 2411-3430 Medium  
  Track Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) arnis.parsovs@ut.ee Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2245  
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Author Aurélie Congès; Alexis Evain; Olivier Chabiron; Col. Jacob Graham(USMC, R.); Frédérick Benaben pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Virtual Reality to Train for Crisis Management Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1100-1112  
  Keywords Virtual reality; Crisis Management; Exercises; Decision-Support System  
  Abstract The EGCERSIS project aims at using virtual reality to improve the efficiency of the crisis management preparation phase. The idea is to tackle the drawbacks of regular crisis management exercises thanks to fully configurable scenarios taking place in digital twins of real critical sites. Virtual exercises will improve, among other things, the frequency, efficiency, and modularity of crisis management preparation, while reducing its costs. In this article, we demonstrate the idea of the project through a simple use-case taking place in a metro station and involving three crisis responders. By linking virtual exercises to our crisis management platform, we also want to demonstrate the usefulness of decision-support systems during a crisis.  
  Address IMT Mines Albi; IMT Mines Albi; Immersive Factory; The Pennsylvania State University; IMT Mines Albi  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-99 ISBN 2411-3485 Medium  
  Track Visions for Future Crisis Management Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) aurelie.conges@mines-albi.fr Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2300  
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Author Benjamin Barth; Govinda Chaithanya Kabbinahithilu; Alexandros Bartzas; Spyros Pantazis; Tomaso deCola pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title A Content Oriented Information Sharing System for Disaster Management Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 922-927  
  Keywords Information Sharing, Preparation, Response, Content Oriented.  
  Abstract In response to natural and man-made hazards multiple organisations usually are involved in a very complex situation. On the other hand, extreme weather situations due to the climate change create hazards in areas which were considered safe before. In order to improve the capabilities of involved organisations in responding and preparing for disaster events, the availability of an efficient information sharing approach is a key enabler. To this end, we propose a communication system based on a content oriented architecture tailored to disaster management. It includes a catalogue that is offering web services for publishing and subscribing of disaster information and for further collaboration amongst agencies and first responders. Moreover, the considered approach also allows for full content access control and enables a flexible system. The paper shows the current status of the system design. Next steps will include the implementation and evaluation of the approach.  
  Address German Aerospace Center (DLR); German Aerospace Center (DLR); Space Hellas S.A.; Space Hellas S.A.; German Aerospace Center (DLR)  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-82 ISBN 2411-3468 Medium  
  Track Technologies for First Responders Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) Benjamin.Barth@dlr.de Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2283  
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Author Briony Gray pdf  isbn
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  Title Turning Words into Wisdom: A Framework for Using Post-Disaster Data for Community Resilience Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 356-365  
  Keywords Resilience, Recovery, Framework, Small Island Developing States, Social Capital.  
  Abstract Small island developing states (SIDs) face a range of underlying issues that increase their vulnerability and risk to disaster. This commonly results in a lack of available, reliable and actionable data for both island nations as well as their insular communities. Simultaneously, issues such as climate change make their riskscapes unique and challenging to mitigate, forcing the need to find methods of improving community resiliency. This paper uses qualitative interviews conducted in the post-disaster phase of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season to highlight the main issues experienced by communities. It then uses these, as well as literature guidance, to create a Lessons Learnt Framework (LLF) designed to challenge underlying assumptions, assess management efforts, discuss and record community experiences, and to feedback social capital into vulnerable communities to support future community resilience.  
  Address University of Southampton  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-34 ISBN 2411-3420 Medium  
  Track Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) Bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2235  
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Author Björn J E Johansson pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Boundary Stories – A Systems Perspective on Inter-organizational Learning from Crisis Response Exercises Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 427-434  
  Keywords Inter-organizational Learning, Boundary-crossing Competence, Boundary Discourse, Systems Science, Complex Adaptive Systems.  
  Abstract Inter-organizational exercises are commonly conducted with the aim to improve overall crisis response system performance. However, there are challenges associated with establishing learning goals for, designing and evaluating inter-organizational exercises. This work-in-progress paper applies a systems science perspective on the Swedish crisis response system with the aim to understand (1) what kind of a system it is (2) what properties or mechanisms enable good system performance?, and, (3) what are desirable training goals for improving the crisis response capability of the Swedish crisis response system? The author suggests that (1) the Swedish crisis response system can be seen as a Complex Adaptive System, and (2) that the focus must shift from exercising organizations' intra-organizational capabilities to adaptive capabilities. The latter can be achieved by designing exercises comprising boundary-crossing activities with the purpose to support the buildup of boundary-crossing competence. Cross-organizational learning can be achieved by identifying, documenting and disseminating boundary stories.  
  Address Swedish Defence Research Agency  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-41 ISBN 2411-3427 Medium  
  Track Enhancing resilient response in inter-organizational contexts: Learning from experience Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) bjorn.j.e.johansson@foi.se Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2242  
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Author Björn JE Johansson; Amanda Jaber; Joeri van Laere; Peter Berggren pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Crisis Response During Payment Disruptions – The Themes of TRAMS Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 264-275  
  Keywords Crisis Management, Payment Disruptions, Resilience, Thematic Analysis.  
  Abstract A qualitative analysis of observation protocols and audio recordings from 14 crisis response exercises has been conducted revealing eight themes reoccurring in multi-disciplinary team discussions about crisis response to large disruptions to the card payment system. The themes were: Coordinate and collaborate, Payment options, Cash circulation, Fuel and transportation, Security, Inform, communicate and the media, Hoarding and rationing, and Vulnerable groups. The analysis suggest that Swedish society is vulnerable to disruptions in the card payment services, largely due to a low diversity in payment options, the lack of prepared back up solutions for payment, and insufficient cash flows to support a cash only scenario. A longer (several days) disruption in the card payment system will demand coordinating mechanisms for information management, available payment options, and preparedness for rapid establishment of cash flows. Today, these mechanisms do not exist. Simulation exercises with stake-holders are an important mean for increasing awareness about these vulnerabilities and the challenges associated with coping with them.  
  Address Linköping University; Linköping University; Skövde University; Linköping University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-26 ISBN 2411-3412 Medium  
  Track Command & Control Studies Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) bjorn.j.johansson@liu.se Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2227  
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Author Lixiong Chen; Monika Buscher; Yang Hu pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Crowding Out the Crowd:The Transformation of Network Disaster Communication Patterns on Weibo Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 472-489  
  Keywords Weibo, Transformation, Crowding Out, Crisis Communication, Mobilities.  
  Abstract There is a surge in people turning to social media in disasters in China. In the 2010 Yushu earthquake, 5,979 Weibos were posted. Almost 10 years on, in the 2019 Yibin earthquake it was 17,495. This study presents a Social Network Analysis of the dynamics of this growth, taking the six major Chinese earthquakes of this decade as a case study. By constructing relationship matrices, the research reveals a transformation of networked crisis communication patterns on Weibo. We show how communication relationships between verified organisational users, government agencies, verified individual users (such as celebrities) and unverified ordinary users have changed, and we observe that government agencies are 'crowding out the crowd' of other users. We consider key aspects and the ethical complexities of this phenomenon.  
  Address Department of Sociology Lancaster University; Department of Sociology Lancaster University; Department of Sociology Lancaster University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-45 ISBN 2411-3431 Medium  
  Track Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) c.lixiong@lancaster.ac.uk Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2246  
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Author Cecilia Hammar Wijkmark; Ilona Heldal pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Virtual and Live Simulation-Based Training for Incident Commanders Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1154-1162  
  Keywords Virtual Simulation; Simulation; Serious Games; Training; Live Training; Cost and Benefit; Use; Usability; Incident Command  
  Abstract Computer and virtual simulation-based training (CST) offer several benefits for emergency response and management preparedness. However, organizations responsible for training are often hesitant to use CST, based on cost and perceived lack of benefit when compared to live simulation training (LST). This paper investigates how CST can complement LST, and how it contributes to achieving the necessary learning objectives for level one fire and rescue service incident commanders (ICs). Data and examples come from an experimental study with students from different fire and rescue services trained in the role of the IC in LST and CST, in a similar scenario. Results show the cost and benefits of the CST implementation based on evaluations from learners, instructors and responsible managers. Participants had a positive attitude towards using virtual simulations, but the results also point to barriers regarding the suitable design of learning scenarios and implementation.  
  Address Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-105 ISBN 2411-3491 Medium  
  Track Open Track Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) Cecilia.hammar.wijkmark@hvl.no Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2306  
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Author Anying Chen; Zhongliang Huang; Manchun Liang; Guofeng Su pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Empirical Study of Individual Evacuation Decision-making in Fire Accidents: Evacuate Intention and Herding Effect Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 200-209  
  Keywords Fire Accidents, Evacuation Experiment, Evacuate Intention, Herding Behaviors.  
  Abstract People's decision of evacuating or not could greatly influence the final losses in fire accidents. In order to study people's response under emergent occasions, a fire accident evacuation drill experiment was conducted in an office building without advance notice. 113 Participants' response and their decision-making process were collected by questionnaire survey right after the experiment. In this study, we mainly focused on two aspects of people's response, including participants' evacuate intention and their herding tendency during evacuate decision-making. It is found that the classical Expected Utility Theory (EUT) has certain limitation in explaining individual's evacuation intention, but the relationship between the expected utility and the evacuation intention could be represented with a modified model based on EUT. Furthermore, the herding tendency is found to be different for the two groups of people who intend to evacuate and not to evacuate. People who firstly intend not to evacuate are more easily to form herding behavior and change their minds to evacuate. Based on these findings, models of individual evacuation intention and herding tendency for two groups of people are put forward. Simulation is conducted to investigate the effect of these two changes in people's evacuation decision-making process, and results show that they both increase the final evacuation rate, reflecting the majority's risk aversion characteristics.  
  Address Tsinghua University;Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University; Tsinghua University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-19 ISBN 2411-3405 Medium  
  Track Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) chenay15@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2220  
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Author Cornelius Dold; Christopher Munschauer; Ompe Aimé Mudimu pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Real-Life Exercises as a Tool in Security Research and Civil Protection – Options for Data Collections Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 244-250  
  Keywords Real-Life Exercises; Data Collection; Emergency Response; Civil Protection; Large-Scale Exercises  
  Abstract A real-life exercise is a scientific method used by the TH Köln to generate data sets of new technologies and operational concepts derived from research projects. The Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection (German acronym: IRG) uses a real-time locating system (RTLS), video surveillance, observers and a mass casualty incident benchmark to generate motion profiles, information flows and information on the quality of care. In this practitioner paper these different methods will be discussed and the combination of different data is described. Furthermore, an outlook is given on the extent to which the method will be improved and expand-ed in the future. Concluding it can be said that the combination of all collected data is essential for the evalua-tion of a real-life exercise in security research or civil protection.  
  Address TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences, Cologne; TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences, Cologne; TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences, Cologne  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-24 ISBN 2411-3410 Medium  
  Track Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) cornelius.dold@th-koeln.de Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2225  
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Author Cheng Wang; Benjamin Bowes; Arash Tavakoli; Stephen Adams; Jonathan Goodall; Peter Beling pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Smart Stormwater Control Systems: A Reinforcement Learning Approach Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 2-13  
  Keywords Reinforcement Learning, Stormwater, Flooding Control.  
  Abstract Flooding poses a significant and growing risk for many urban areas. Stormwater systems are typically used to control flooding, but are traditionally passive (i.e. have no controllable components). However, if stormwater systems are retrofitted with valves and pumps, policies for controlling them in real-time could be implemented to enhance system performance over a wider range of conditions than originally designed for. In this paper, we propose an autonomous, reinforcement learning (RL) based, stormwater control system that aims to minimize flooding during storms. With this approach, an optimal control policy can be learned by letting an RL agent interact with the system in response to received reward signals. In comparison with a set of static control rules, RL shows superior performance on a wide range of artificial storm events. This demonstrates RL's ability to learn control actions based on observation and interaction, a key benefit for dynamic and ever-changing urban areas.  
  Address Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia; Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia; Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia; Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia; Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia; Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, University of Virginia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-1 ISBN 2411-3387 Medium  
  Track AI Systems for Crisis and Risks Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) cw8xk@virginia.edu Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2202  
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Author Dashley K. Rouwendal van Schijndel; Jo E. Hannay; Audun Stolpe pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Simulation Vignette Generation from Answer Set Specifications Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 110-121  
  Keywords Exercise Management; Answer Set Programming; Mixed Reality Simulations; Vignette Generation  
  Abstract We investigate an approach that allows exercise managers to design simulations with an explicit focus on building skills, rather than having to focus on all the objects and interactions that a simulation must have. Exercise managers may design exercises at various levels of abstraction and always independently of how those sessions are implemented in simulations, while simulation components that implement the design are assembled and to some extent, automatically, behind the scenes. We outline (1) how Answer Set Programming can assist exercise managers in exercise planning and (2) how automated stage and content generation may be used to invoke appropriate simulation components to realize the design. For deliberate and recurrent training of decision-making skills, stages and content must vary to avoid familiarity (testing effects). We conclude by distilling a main research hypothesis that stipulates how (1) and (2) represent two modes of automated reasoning (so-called deductive versus abductive) and how that distinction clarifies the planning task.  
  Address University of Oslo, Department of Technology Systems; Norwegian Computing Center, Department of Applied Research in Information Technology; University of Oslo, Department of Technology Systems, Norwegian Computing Center, Department of Applied Research in Information Technology  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-11 ISBN 2411-3397 Medium  
  Track AI Systems for Crisis and Risks Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) d.k.rouwendal@its.uio.no Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2212  
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Author Daniel Lichte; Dustin Witte; Kai-Dietrich Wolf pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Comprehensive Security Hazard Analysis for Transmission Systems Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1145-1153  
  Keywords Physical Security; Energy Transmission Systems; Scenario Analysis; Threat Analysis; Risk Assessment  
  Abstract Critical energy infrastructures are more and more focused upon by politics and society. Modern society depends on these structures, since they enable the steady support of electricity and other types of energy. Deliberately precipitated hazards of certain critical parts of electrical transmission systems (ETS) can lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, the analysis of feasible security hazards and resulting consequences for the operation of transmission systems are a concern to transmission system operators (TSO). Alas, there is no common method available that comprehensively identifies these feasible security related scenarios and classifies them according to their overall criticality for the safe operation of the ETS. To tackle this challenge, we propose a comprehensive, yet easy-to-apply method to systematically identify and assess the criticality of security threat scenarios. It is conducted in four steps and consists of a matrix based consistency check of threat scenarios in a defined solution space and a convenient semi-quantitative assessment of a risk factor for the ETS. The approach is illustrated by the simplified generic example of an EETS.  
  Address German Aerospace Center; University of Wuppertal; University of Wuppertal  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-104 ISBN 2411-3490 Medium  
  Track Open Track Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) daniel.lichte@dlr.de Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2305  
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Author Deena Disraelly; Laura Itle pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title Providing Reliable Assistance Faster: Secure, Modern, Mission-Capable Credentialing to Support Disaster Operations Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 1140-1143  
  Keywords Credentialing; Disaster Support; Clearance; Suitability; Volunteer  
  Abstract The public sector, including state and local government, public health, and emergency management; the private sector; and the Federal Government jointly face challenges with rapidly collecting and validating credentials for individuals applying for employment or volunteering for emergencies, vetting security clearances, and ascertaining suitability. In 2017, for instance, credentialing gaps delayed employees and volunteers from contributing much-needed skills in disaster areas during one of the worst hurricane and wildfire seasons on record while Federal agencies inadvertently issued interim clearances to individuals with criminal records. We propose a secure, modern, mission-capable information technology solution to these with the United States Postal Service hosting this streamlined process by serving as the hub for collection, validation, and transfer of pertinent data. The solution would introduce access points in over 5,000 communities for citizens participating in disaster support operations, as well as those requiring credentialing for employment as part of day-to-day operations.  
  Address Institute for Defence Analysis, Virginia USA; Institute for Defence Analysis, Virginia USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-103 ISBN 2411-3489 Medium  
  Track Visions for Future Crisis Management Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) ddisrael@ida.org Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2304  
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Author Debora Robles Perez; Manuel Esteve Domingo; Israel Perez Llopis; Federico J. Carvajal Rodrigo pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title System and Architecture of an Adapted Situation Awareness Tool for First Responders Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 928-936  
  Keywords Critical Infrastructure Protection; First Responder; Command and Control; Autonomous Vehicles; Resilience  
  Abstract First responders (FRs) in Europe are currently facing large natural and man-made disasters (e.g. wild fire, terrorist attacks, industrial incidents, big floods, gas leaks etc.), that put their own lives and those of thousands of others at risk. Adapted situation awareneSS tools and taIlored training curricula for increaSing capabiliTies and enhANcing the proteCtion of first respondErs (ASSISTANCE) is an ongoing European H2020 project which main objective is to increase FRs Situation Awareness (SA) for helping and protecting different kinds of FRs' organizations that work together in large scale disasters mitigation. ASSISTANCE will enhance the SA of the FRs organisations during their mitigation activities through the integration of new paradigms, tools and technologies (e.g. drones/robots equipped with a range of sensors, robust communications capabilities, etc.) with the main objective of increasing both their protection and their efficiency.  
  Address Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-83 ISBN 2411-3469 Medium  
  Track Technologies for First Responders Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes (up) derobpe@upvnet.upv.es Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2284  
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