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Miriam Klein, Eric Rigaud, Marcus Wiens, Anouck Adrot, Frank Fiedrich, Nour Kanaan, et al. (2018). A Multi-Agent System for Studying Cross-Border Disaster Resilience. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 135–144). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Resilience to disasters depends on measures taken before, during and after the occurrence of adverse events. These measures require interactions between people belonging to different organizations (public, private, non-profit) and citizens in normal and stressful situations. The efficiency of resilience measures results from the collective interaction of individuals, groups of individuals, and organizations, as well as the situational characteristics of the decision environment. The aim of the French-German research project INCA is to develop a decision support framework for improving cross-border area resilience to disasters. This project comprises the design and the implementation of a multi-agent system with the objective to study the behavioral and organizational implications of cross-border cooperation for crisis management and disaster resilience. The analyzed measures focus on citizens who require medical support and the integration of volunteers into the crisis management procedure. This paper outlines the potentials of the multi-agent system and provides first implementation insights.
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Ooms, D. (2023). Civil-Military Interaction: a Case Study to validate a Conceptual Framework. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 501–515). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: International peace operations in response to complex emergencies require effective interaction between international civil and military participants and local actors. Although these operations frequently occur worldwide, civil-military interaction (CMI) remains problematic. CMI problems are described in the literature at length. However, the knowledge management aspects of these problems have received less attention. The feasibility of technical support solutions for CMI should be investigated using a design science approach. This requires validated models of the structural and behavioral characteristics of the CMI domain. A CMI conceptual framework providing such models has been proposed earlier and should be validated. A case study has been conducted into a Netherlands military CMI organization. This study provides for initial user validation of the models. In follow-on research, the validated conceptual framework is used to structure the investigation of CMI problems, knowledge process deficiencies, and their causal relations. It may subsequently support knowledge engineering-based solution design.
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Pamukcu, D., W. Zobel, C., & Ge, Y. “G. ”. (2023). Prioritization of disaster-related requests in an IT-enabled public service system. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 586–594). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: The local government’s continuous support is critical for the well-being of a community during disaster events. E-Government systems that establish and maintain ongoing connections with the community thus play a vital role in supporting crisis response and recovery. Such systems’ ability to adapt to the crisis circumstances and to address emergent needs helps them continue their fundamental functions during disasters. Considering various services might require different amounts and types of resources, prioritization strategies are helpful in determining the processing order of requests. This paper discusses the role of prioritizing services within an e-Government system, to better understand how such a system can be managed to best utilize available resources. The study examines how a well-functioning e-Government system, the Orange County, Florida 311 non-emergency service system, responded to the COVID-19 pandemic and how the changes in service operations requirements can affect service provision, specifically with respect to assigning or re-assigning priority levels.
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Patrick Lieser, Julian Zobel, Björn Richerzhagen, & Ralf Steinmetz. (2019). Simulation Platform for Unmanned Aerial Systems in Emergency Ad Hoc Networks. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
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Pettersson, M. N., Axelsson, J., Svenson, P., & Johansson, A. (2023). Towards a Risk Analysis Method for Systems of Systems: A Case Study on Wildfire Rescue Operations. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 530–545). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Crisis management (CM) is facing new challenges due to the increasing complexity of contemporary society. To mitigate a crisis, it is often necessary for a collection of independent systems, people, and organizations to cooperate. These collaborating entities constitute an interconnected socio-technical system of systems (SoS). An important question is how a CM SoS should be constructed to minimize the risk of failure and accurately handle a crisis. SoS pose new challenges in analysing risk during interactions. This paper investigates whether the risk analysis method STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes) is suitable for SoS, using a forest fire rescue operation case study. Results show characteristics of various risk sources and identify some SoS characteristics, such as dynamic structure and latent risks, that are not sufficiently handled in STAMP. The study further contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting potential directions for research on SoS risk assessment methods.
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Quentin Schoen, Sébastien Truptil, Franck Fontanili, Matthieu Lauras, & Anne-Ghislaine Anquetil. (2017). Tracking in real time the blood products transportations to make good decisions. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 173–180). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: The French Blood Establishment (EFS) is the only one in France allowed dealing with the blood supply chain. The EFS centers are scattered in France and blood products are transported over hundreds of kilometers, from collection sites to hubs and from the hubs to distribution sites. The strong constraints on lifetime and storage conditions imply a traceability of transportation steps very accurate, which is necessary in case of unexpected and unwanted events. To make “good” decisions, we propose in this research work to use the Physical Internet philosophy. Thanks to sensors in containers and Complex Event Processing modules to aggregate and filter the data collected, we would be able to create a real time “field model”. In case of crisis this model would be helpful and perfectly adapted to help the crisis unit to make “good” decisions and maybe propose solutions based on the past events.
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Restel, H. (2023). SimulationOps – Towards a Simulation as-a-Service Platform for Resilient Societies Using a Cross-domain Data Mesh. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 575–585). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Cross-domain simulations can be a feasible approach for enhancing disaster resilience as well as promoting resilient societies. This work-in-progress proposes a data-centric process model and software platform architecture called “SimulationOps” aimed at improving cross-domain collaboration between researchers (simulation analysts, simulation modelers) and stakeholders (disaster responders, decision makers) throughout the simulation life cycle for combined simulation artifacts. This way, stakeholders are supported in mitigating disasters, improving overall resilience by gained insights, and improvements in quality and velocity. Applying a four-cycle Design Science Research model to the simulation lifecycle, it combines ideas from modern and agile software engineering practices, simulation-as-a-service approach, and the Data Mesh approach. It combines the technical IT level with the organizational process level to smoothen the workflow for creating, running, and improving cross-domain computer simulation components for both producers as well as consumers of the simulation life cycle.
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Robert Zinke, Laura Künzer, Benjamin Schröder, & Christina Schäfer. (2017). Integrating Human Factors into Evacuation Simulations – Application of the Persona Method for Generating Populations. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 127–138). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: For assessing evacuation dynamics in disaster situations, current approaches of pedestrian simulations increasingly include additional human characteristics. One aim is to assess realistic effects of structural changes of an infrastructure on evacuation behavior displayed by users. Creating agents with supplementary physical and psychological human characteristics and assembling the agents in accordance to the user's population may be beneficial not only to support decision making. The analysis of simulated effects of, e.g., informational strategies will foster crisis and disaster management. This paper combines knowledge about users in subway systems and highlights benefits of using the Persona method to improve objectivity in the specification of different user types. Persona method is adapted to pedestrian simulation. Using data from the authors´ field studies, personas are developed and implemented for an evacuation simulation. First findings suggest that including personas into pedestrian simulation influences the results with respect to the required safe evacuation time (RSET).
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Simon French, Nikos Argyris, Jim Q. Smith, Stephanie Haywood, & Matthew C. Hort. (2017). Uncertainty Handling during Nuclear Accidents. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 15–24). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: In the years following Chernobyl, many reports and projects reflected on how to improve emergency management processes in dealing with an accidental offsite release of radiation at a nuclear facility. A common observation was the need to address the inevitable uncertainties. Various suggestions were made and some of these were researched in some depth. The Fukushima Daiichi Disaster has led to further reflections. However, many of the uncertainties inherent in responding to a threatened or actual release remain unaddressed in the analyses and model runs that are conducted to support the emergency managers in their decision making. They are often left to factor in allowances for the uncertainty through informal discussion and unsupported judgement, and the full range of sources of uncertainty may not be addressed. In this paper, we summarise the issues and report on a project which has investigated the handling of uncertainty in the UK's national crisis cell. We suggest the R&D programmes needed to provide emergency managers with better guidance on uncertainty and how it may affect the consequences of taking different countermeasures.
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Takuya Oki, & Toshihiro Osaragi. (2016). Wide-area Evacuation Difficulty in Densely-built Wooden Residential Areas. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: In aiming to decrease the number of casualties and people with difficulty in wide-area evacuations due to a large earthquake, it is highly important to visualize and quantify the potential danger in residential areas. In this paper, we construct a multi-agent simulation model, which describes property damage (such as building-collapse, the spread of fire and blocking of streets) and people?s evacuation behavior after an earthquake occurring. Using this simulation model, we quantify the wide-area evacuation difficulty in densely-built wooden residential areas, and evaluate the past project to improve buildings and streets based on this indicator. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effects of adding new evacuation routes between two intersections of streets with narrow width and long distance. Through these case studies, the effectiveness of our simulation model on urban disaster mitigation planning is shown.
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Takuya Oki, & Toshihiro Osaragi. (2017). Evaluation of Conversion to Quake-Resistant Buildings in Terms of Wide-Area Evacuation and Fire-Brigade Accessibility. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 25–41). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: It is important to evaluate the effects of improving the disaster vulnerability of towns by using various indices related to human damage. In this paper, we focus on conversion of low quake-resistant old buildings. Firstly, we construct a simulation model, which describes property damage (such as building-collapse and street-blockage), wide-area evacuation behavior, and fire-brigade's activities immediately after a large earthquake occurs. Next, using the simulation model, we estimate the travel time required for evacuation, the number of evacuees trapped on streets (or in blocks), and the access time of fire-brigades to fires in case that the ratio of quake-resistant buildings in the area increases to a certain value. Based on the results, we discuss the effects by converting old buildings into quake-resistant ones on reducing the difficulty in wide-area evacuation and improving the accessibility of fire-brigades in multiple study areas with different characteristics.
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Till Sahlmüller, & Bernd Hellingrath. (2022). Measuring the Resilience of Supply Chain Networks. In Rob Grace, & Hossein Baharmand (Eds.), ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 55–67). Tarbes, France.
Abstract: With increasing supply chain complexity, it gets more likely that disruptions ripple through the supply chain network, affecting supply chain performance. As the severity of disruptions depends on the supply chain network structure, it is important to assess the network structure in terms of its resilience. This article presents the results of a literature review (LR) to provide a comprehensive overview of measures used for evaluating the resilience of supply chain networks. The results indicate a wide range of measures applied in literature, focusing on either nodes, paths, or subgraphs of the network. The identified measures are compared regarding the structural characteristics they study and the aspects of supply chain performance they investigate.
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Tobias Meuser, Lars Baumgärtner, & Patrick Lieser. (2021). Pandemic Skylines: Digital Twins for More Realism in Epidemic Simulations. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 133–145). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: In the recent months, many measures have been taken by governments to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the unknown properties of the disease and a lack of experience with handling pandemics, the effectiveness of measures taken was often hard to evaluate the effectiveness of measures, leading to inefficient measures and late execution of efficient measures. Many models have been proposed to evaluate the performance of these measures on the spreading of a pandemic, but these models are commonly vastly simplified and, thus, limited in expressiveness. To extend the expressiveness of the models, we developed a epidemic simulation inside of a flexible and scalable city simulation game to analyse the counter measures to a pandemic in this city and spot common places of infection on a microscopic level. The configurability of our developed epidemic simulation will also be useful for potential future pandemics.
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Tongshen Zheng, Shunjiang Ni, Shifei Shen, Yan Wang, & Yang Tai. (2016). Numerical Study of Radioactive Pollutants Dispersion in Radioactive ?Dirty Bomb? Events. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: The simulation of radioactive pollutants dispersion is critical for emergency response of the nuclear terrorism. The radioactive ?dirty bomb?, also called radiological dispersion device (RDD), produced and used by the terrorist to make fearful and radioactive pollution in general, has a great risk on humans. Numerical investigation of the impact of different configurations on radioactive pollution release and dispersion in urban buildings is made in this paper. The numerical simulations used the OpenFOAM, a free and open source software for computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the simulations can be implanted to the information system of the nuclear terrorism emergency decision support system(EDSS) as the consequence assessment subsystem conveniently. The study showed that the configurations of building canyon and the position relationship of the source item and the buildings both affect the concentration distributions around the buildings.
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Toshihiro Osaragi. (2018). Crowding of Various Facilities Relevant to Supporting People Who Have Difficulty Returning Home after a Large Earthquake. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 45–59). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: When a large earthquake occurs, many people are presumed to have difficulty in returning home. However, no research has been achieved yet to discuss the congestion of supporting facilities for stranded people in terms of site, the number and spatial distribution. In this study, we construct a simulation model, which describes people's behavior such as returning home or going to other facilities after an earthquake occurs. Using the model, we estimate the congestion of facilities which varies according to day of the week or the time when the event occurs, and demonstrate the effective methods for reducing the congestion, which include offering information for people and cooperation of private institutions.
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Toshihiro Osaragi. (2020). Accessibility Evaluation of Specific Emergency Transportation Roads and Benefits of Seismic Retrofits on Buildings Adjoining Roads. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 143–156). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Securing the accessibility of emergency vehicles using specific emergency transportation road (SETR) is crucial for the rapid activities of emergency vehicles after a large earthquake. In this paper, we construct a simulation model that describes collapse of roadside buildings and following street blockages, and evaluate the accessibility of emergency vehicles. Performing the simulations, we demonstrate the effects of quake-resistant-conversion of roadside buildings as follows: (1) the accessibility of emergency vehicles using SETR is not good enough under the current situation, but (2) can be significantly improved by performing seismic retrofit of buildings according to seismic index of building structure.
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Toshihiro Osaragi, & Noriaki Hirokawa. (2019). Simulation Analysis of Fire Hydrant Usability Levels after Large Earthquake. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Since large earthquakes can disrupt water supply networks, it is essential to gain an understanding of the expected
usability of fire hydrants in post-quake firefighting activities. In this study, data about water supply networks was
collected and a water outage simulation model was constructed in order to predict the likelihood that individual
fire hydrants would become unusable in the wake of a large earthquake. The water outage simulation model was
integrated with a previously developed urban zone damage simulation and a fire department activity simulation
in order to carry out a simulation-based analysis of the 23 wards of Tokyo, after which a quantitative analysis of
the relation-ship between use of fire hydrants and the number of buildings lost to fire was performed. This analysis
revealed the benefits of hardening water lines against earthquakes, fire hydrant usage variations depending on
locality, and the benefits of using water pressure sensors to identify usable fire hydrants.
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Toshihiro Osaragi, Koji Ogino, Noriaki Hirokawa, & Takuya Oki. (2022). Severity of Crowding at Evacuation Shelters after a Major Earthquake. In Rob Grace, & Hossein Baharmand (Eds.), ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 22–43). Tarbes, France.
Abstract: A number of residents are presumed to evacuate to shelters after a large earthquake. However, the congestion of evacuation shelters has not been enough discussed. In this paper, we propose an evacuation behavior model, which includes sub-models on building damage, water-supply failure, power failure, fire damage, and elevator stall. Using the model estimated using the survey data of the past earthquakes, we discuss the congestion of evacuation shelters under the assumption of Tokyo Bay northern earthquake. Finally, we discuss improvement of water pipes for earthquake resistance to reduce the congestion degree of evacuation shelters, which varies according to regional vulnerability.
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Usman Anjum, Vladimir Zadorozhny, & Prashant Krishnamurthy. (2021). TBAM: Towards An Agent-Based Model to Enrich Twitter Data. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 146–158). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Twitter is widely being used by researchers to understand human behavior, e.g. how people behave when an event occurs and how it changes their microblogging pattern. The changing microblogging behavior can have an important application in the form of detecting events. However, the Twitter data that is available has limitations in it has incomplete and noisy information and has irregular samples. In this paper we create a model, calledTwitter Behavior Agent-Based Model (TBAM)to simulate Twitter pattern and behavior using Agent-Based Modeling(ABM). The generated data can be used in place or to complement the real-world data and improve the accuracy of event detection. We confirm the validity of our model by comparing it with real data collected from Twitter
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Victor A. Bañuls, Andrzej M. Skulimowski, & José Antonio Román Begines. (2021). Disaster Resilience Modeling of Municipal Water Supply Infrastructures in the Context of Atmospheric Threats. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 198–207). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: The resilience of water supply infrastructure (WSI) is of utmost importance as threats to predominantly, although not exclusively, urban WSI may accompany virtually all kinds of natural disasters. In this paper, we present some of the challenges posed by climate change in modeling emergencies in WSIs. Climate change is a global phenomenon that significantly impacts global lifestyle. It is expected that increase in global temperatures causes sea levels to rise, increases the number of extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and storms while highly impacting WSI. In this respect, the challenge is to be prepared for the unexpended by modeling various complex scenarios. Only with a multidisciplinary approach at the global, regional, national, and local levels, can success be achieved. We discuss some of the specific challenges posed by climate change in modeling emergencies in WSIs with a case study modeled using EMERTIC. EMERTIC is a software based on AI and scenarios, that is aimed at supporting decision making at different stages of the Emergency Management cycle.
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Victor A. Bañuls, Cristina López-Vargas, Fernando Tejedor, Murray Turoff, & Miguel Ramirez de la Huerga. (2016). Validating Cross-Impact Analysis in Project Risk Management. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Companies work increasingly more on projects as a means of executing organizational decisions. However, too many enterprise projects result in failure. Hence, firms should follow a risk management method that drives their projects toward success. Nevertheless, project managers often deal with risks intuitively. This is partly because they lack the proper means to correctly manage the underlying risks which affect the entire cycle of their projects. Therefore, one purpose is to identify the critical events that managers may encounter before the beginning of the project and during its development. In addition, we propose CIA-ISM to represent existing relationships between the unforeseen events in the project?s lifetime and their key performance indicators. This also predicts the influence of risks on project performance over time by means of scenarios. The tool proposed would thus help practitioners to manage enterprise projects risks in a more effective and proactive way. We have validated the predictive capability of the CIA-ISM model with 22 real projects. The results show a high level of predictive capability in terms of risk analysis and key performance indicators.
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Xiaoyan Zhang, Graham Coates, Sarah Dunn, & Jean Hall. (2020). Emergency Evacuation from a Multi-floor Building using Agent-based Modeling. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 188–199). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the ongoing research into the development of an agent-based model to enable simulations to be performed of agents evacuating from a multi-floor building with a complex layout, including staircases. Specifically, a flow field of navigation objects is constructed pre-computation, which stores the directions and shortest distances to all exits and staircases. Using the flow field, a navigation method is proposed for agents familiar with the environment to identify and follow the shortest route to a chosen exit. Preliminary simulations have been performed to investigate the effect on evacuation time of (i) exit configurations and (ii) familiarity of agents with the building layout. In assessing the effect of exit configurations, results show that the location of the main entrance has a significant influence on evacuation time. In addition, having more exits does not necessarily lead to a shorter evacuation time. In terms of the effect of familiarity of agents, having more agents with a greater level of familiarity does not significantly reduce evacuation time in most cases.
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Xiaoyan Zhang, Graham Coates, & Xiaoyang Ni. (2017). Agent-based Modelling and Simulation for Lecture Theatre Emergency Evacuation. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 63–71). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of ongoing research into the implementation of an agent-based model aimed at providing decision support for the layout design of lecture theatres and human behavioural management in emergency evacuation. The model enables the spatial layout of lecture theatres to be configured and incorporates agent behaviours at the basic movement and individual level. In terms of individual behaviours, agents can be competitive, cooperative, climb obstacles (e.g. seating and desks) and fall down. Two cases are investigated to evaluate the effects of different exit locations in lecture theatres and competitive behaviour of agents on evacuation efficiency in multiple scenarios.
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Xiaoyong Ni, Hong Huang, Shiwei Zhou, Boni Su, Jianchun Zheng, Wei Zhu, et al. (2018). Simulation of The Urban Waterlogging and Emergency Response Strategy at Subway Station's Entry-exit Platform in Heavy Rainstorm. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 99–120). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Underground space like subway stations is prone to be flooded which can lead to severe and unpredictable damage and even threaten human lives. In this paper, four groups of contrastive simulation of urban waterlogging at two subway stations' entry-exit platforms in heavy rainstorm are conducted, and emergency response strategies are suggested. A waterlogging simulation method named UPFLOOD based on shallow water equations is proposed considering complex topography. It has been found that the waterlogging at subway station's entry-exit platforms is easily influenced by several factors and the site selection of the subway stations is very important. A disaster process construction method based on PN model is proposed and it has been found that the response strategies including plugging, drainage and evacuation are important for disaster mitigation. This study helps decision makers to response quickly to meet the emergency of the waterlogging disaster at subway stations caused by heavy rainstorm.
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Xiaoyong Ni, Hong Huang, Wenxuan Dong, Chao Chen, Boni Su, & Anying Chen. (2021). Scenario Prediction and Crisis Management for Rain-induced Waterlogging Based on High-precision Simulation. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 159–173). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Many cities, especially those in developing countries, are not well prepared for the devastating disaster of exceptional rain-induced waterlogging caused by extreme rainfall. This paper proposes a waterlogging scenario prediction and crisis management method for such kind of extreme rainfall conditions based on high-precision waterlogging simulation. A typical urban region in Beijing, China is selected as the study area in this paper. High-precision and full-scale data in the study area requested for the waterlogging simulation are introduced. The simulation results show that the study area is still vulnerable to extreme rainfall and the subsequent waterlogging. The waterlogging situation is much more severe with the increase of the return period of rainfall. This study offers a good reference for the relevant government departments to make effective policy and take pointed response to the waterlogging problem.
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