Abbas Ganji, Negin Alimohammadi, & Scott Miles. (2019). Challenges in Community Resilience Planning and Opportunities with Simulation Modeling. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: The importance of community resilience has become increasingly recognized in emergency management and
post-disaster community well-being. To this end, three seismic resilience planning initiatives have been
conducted in the U.S. in the last decade to envision the current state of community resilience. Experts who
participated in these initiatives confronted challenges that must be addressed for future planning initiatives.
We interviewed eighteen participants to learn about the community resilience planning process, its
characteristics, and challenges. Conducting qualitative content analysis, we identify six main challenges to
community resilience planning: complex network systems; interdependencies among built environment systems;
inter-organizational collaboration; connections between the built environment and social systems;
communications between built environment and social institutions? experts; and communication among
decision-makers, social stakeholders, and community members. To overcome the identified challenges, we
discuss the capability of human-centered simulation modeling as a combination of simulation modeling and
human-centered design to facilitate community resilience planning.
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Ana Gabriela Núñez Avila, & Mª Carmen Penadés Gramage. (2019). Towards an organization certified in emergency plans management. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: QuEP is a framework that guides organizations in assessing and improving their emergency plan management by
following a set of principles, practices, and techniques at the different maturity levels established in the QuEP model.
Its main objective is to be applied to real cases to discover the state of an organization?s emergency plan management
and recommend techniques for improvement. In this paper, we describe the first application of QuEP as a prior step
to its implementation and possible use in official certifications for emergency plans with a guarantee of quality. So,
we have applied a real case in a UPV building towards the certification of the emergency plan management.
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Christoph Amelunxen, & Janina Isabella Sander. (2019). Information collection using process visualisation in the risk management concept for emergency response. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Security-critical processes of emergency response are part of a complex system of people, organisation and
technology. They are often characterised by their own dynamics, interconnectedness and information deficits. In
addition, a wide variety of stakeholders, some from different organisations, work together, each specialising in a
specific area. In order to capture this (process-) knowledge in risk management, information from the experts is
necessary. However, experts are difficult to access, often separated locally, cost-intensive and usually have little
time (discussion-) capacity. A pictogram-based process visualisation was developed within the risk management
concept. The method could be validated within a European project in an expert workshop. This was done using
the example of a CBRN mass casualty incident. By using the methods presented, very good qualitative and
quantitative results can be achieved from the perspectives of various organisations and their experts. The limited
resource ?expert? is used optimally.
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Hans C.A. Wienen, Faiza A. Bukhsh, Eelco Vriezekolk, & Roel J. Wieringa. (2019). Applying Generic AcciMap to a DDOS Attack on a Western-European Telecom Operator. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: After a large incident on a telecommunications network, the operator typically executes an incident analysis to
prevent future incidents. Research suggests that these analyses are done ad hoc, without a structured approach. In
this paper, we conduct an investigation of a large incident according to the AcciMap method. We find that this
method can be applied to telecommunications networks with a few small changes; we find that such a structured
approach yields many more actionable recommendations than a more focused approach and we find that both the
onset of an incident and the resolution phase merit their own analysis. We also find that such an analysis costs a
lot of effort and we propose a more efficient approach to using this method. An unexpected outcome was that
AcciMap may also be very useful for analyzing crisis organizations.
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Hoang Nam Ho, Mourad Rabah, Ronan Champagnat, & Frédéric Bretrand. (2019). Towards an Automatic Assistance in Crisis Resolution with Process Mining. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: To deal with a crisis situation, experts must undertake a chain of activities, called process, to minimize crisis
consequences. To assist the expert in making decision in crisis resolutions, authors propose a method aiming at
discovering crisis response processes. This method is based on a two-step strategy: the first step classifies the
system?s traces, representing stakeholders? past actions, into different sets, where each one represents a set of
response processes according to a specific context; the second step uses process mining algorithm to discover
the corresponding response plan process model based on the obtained chain of activities for each previously
classified context. These response plans will be a referenced aid for experts while making crisis resolution,
according to each context. The proposed approach is illustrated on the traces issued from the crisis caused by the
2010 Xynthia storm in France.
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Marian Zulean, Gabriela Prelipcean, & Florin Druga. (2019). From Hindsight to Foresight: using collaborative methodologies to tackle the wicked problems and improve the the Emergency System. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: The main goal of this WiPe is to analyze a wicked problem of disaster management, to offer an external
evaluation on how the emergency system worked and to plan a foresight exercise able to design a personalized
emergency response services to citizens. The first part of the paper is rather a hindsight analysis regarding
disaster management of ?Colectiv 2015?, one of the worst manmade disasters in the recent Romanian history.
After four years of investigations and reports and many recovery measures ?Colectiv 2015? is still a complex
problem that needs external evaluation. The second part of the paper is a two-tier research: an intermediary
analysis of the wicked problem, using Barry Turner?s framework and a design of a foresight exercise. In the
Conclusions of WiPe we propose a design of research meant to: 1) better understand the causes and
shortcomings of disaster management and failure of foresight and 2) help the Emergency System in Romania
build a disaster resilience mechanism.
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Min Zhu, Ruxue Chen, Tianye Lin, Quanyi Huang, & Guang Tian. (2019). Describing and Forecasting the Medical Resources assignments for International Disaster Medical relief Forces Using an Injury-Driven Ontology Model. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Available medical resources are the basis of efficient disaster medical relief. The medical resources assignment for disaster medical relief forces is usually fixed. However, the injury condition distribution changes in different disaster and so does the demand for the medical resources. So the assignment of medical relief forces should be more flexible and based on the injury. We analyzed the component parts and rules of disaster medical relief, defining the related concepts and rules. Then, we constructed the describing rules of injury-treatment-medical-technique-resource-assignment process. Based on these, we established the ontology of disaster medical relief system and the injury-driven medical resources assignment ontology model (MRAOM). We used the model to describe the medical relief situation after earthquake to demonstrate the model could describe complicated situations. We also used the model to describe and forecast the medical resource assignment of treating batch wounded to demonstrate the model's validity.
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Patricia Quiroz-Palma, Ma Carmen Penadés, & Ana-Gabriela Núñez. (2019). Towards a Capability Model for Emergency Training Improvement. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Giving adequate attention to training personnel within an organization to perform an activity of any kind
determines its success or failure. Training in emergency management is a key point and the participants must have
adequate preparation for each activity they carry out. The different activities in each emergency management
phase generate the appropriate training according to the role performed by stakeholders. The training is provided
through techniques and IT support tools that consolidate the knowledge imparted by the trainer. This paper
describes the initial steps in creating a capability model to support the training of stakeholders and ensure the
effectiveness of the response teams, as well as the appropriate actions of workers and citizens in an emergency.
Knowledge is consolidated through training, evaluation and feedback from practice. The proposed model is being
integrated in the QuEP framework to guide organizations in assessing and improving the management of their
emergency plans.
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Quynh Nhu Nguyen, Antonella Frisiello, & Claudio Rossi. (2019). The Design of a Mobile Application for Crowdsourcing in Disaster Risk Reduction. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Disaster Risk Reduction is a complex field in which a huge amount of data is collected and processed every day
in order to plan and run preparedness and response actions, which are required to get ready and to effectively
respond to natural disasters when they strike. This paper, which targets a wide audience, focuses on the design of
a mobile application that aims to integrate the crowdsourcing paradigm in current Disaster Risk Reduction
processes. The design process is integrated in the User Centred Approach, which we apply through a co-design
methodology involving end-users, iterative prototyping and development phases, and five in-field evaluations of
the implemented solution. We describe both the design activities and the results obtained from end-users�
feedbacks focusing on the perspective of first responders.
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Sebastian Lindner, Stefan Sackmann, & Hans Betke. (2019). Simulating Spontaneous Volunteers: A System Entity Structure for Defining Disaster Scenarios. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Fast and easy communication, e.g. via Twitter or Facebook, encourages self-coordination between spontaneous
volunteers in disasters. Unfortunately, this is more and more challenging official disaster management. The need
for the directed coordination of spontaneous volunteers triggered researchers to develop effective coordination
approaches. However, evaluating and comparing such approaches as well as their exercising are lacking a
standardized way to describe repeatable disaster scenarios, e.g. for simulations. Therefore, we present a novel
System Entity Structure (SES) for describing disaster scenarios considering the disaster environment,
communication infrastructure, disaster management, and population of spontaneous volunteers. The SES is
discussed as a promising scheme for including spontaneous volunteers in disaster scenarios on a general level. Its
applicability is demonstrated by a Pruned Entity Structure derived from a real disaster scenario. Based on the
results, we give an outlook on our subsequent research, the XML-based Spontaneous Volunteer Coordination
Scenario Definition Language (SVCSDL).
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Susanne Kubisch, Johanna Stötzer, Sina Keller, María Bull, & Andreas Braun. (2019). Combining a social science approach and GIS-based simulation to analyse evacuation in natural disasters: A case study in the Chilean community of Talcahuano. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: In rapid-onset disasters the time needed for evacuation is crucial. Aside from the behaviour of the population, the
road network plays a fundamental role. It serves as a medium to reach a safe area. This study analyses the entire
evacuation process, from decision-making up to the arrival at an evacuation zone by combining standardised
questionnaires and GIS-based simulation. Based on a case study in the Chilean community of Talcahuano, an
event-based past scenario and a hypothetical future scenario is investigated, integrating the affected population in
the research process. The main problem identified in past evacuations has been time delay due to congestions,
which also is evident in the results of the hypothetical future scenario. A result which supports evacuation by foot.
This paper argues that a combination of scientific methods is essential for analysing evacuation and to reduce the
risk due to time delay, critical route and transport medium choice.
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Victor A. Bañuls Silvera, Rafael Cantueso Burguillos, Fernando Tejedor Panchón, Miguel Ramírez de la Huerga, & Murray Turoff. (2019). A Delphi approach for the establishment of the fundamental principles of an Organizational Security System in Public Administration. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: The aim of this work is defining fundamental principles of an Internal Security System in the presence of intentional risks in Public Administration. The relevance of this object of study has increased even more with the emergence of new terrorist groups and the proliferation of organized crime, which have been categorized as a maximum threat to Security by the government. This context has led to new regulations and legislation on Security matters at the national and international level to protect assets, people and the activity of the Administration itself. Despite the large number of regulations and relevance of this topic, there is not any study which defines in a comprehensive manner the requirements that a security system must have in the presence of intentional risks in Public Administration. The results of this work are intended to be a reference for the Public Administration, for the prevention and reaction to damage to people, property, and operation, intentionally caused by external agents, personnel themselves or users. These principles have been applied and validated through a Delphi process in the Administration of the Regional Government of Andalusia in which more than 40 security-related managers have participated.
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