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Laura Petersen, Eva Horvath, & Johan Sjöström. (2019). Evaluating Critical Infrastructure Resilience via Tolerance Triangles: Hungarian Highway pilot case study. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: While accepted as part of critical infrastructure (CI) resilience, no consensus exists on how to measure the exact
minimum level of service or the rapidity of rapidly restoring services. The H2020 European project IMPROVER
(Improved risk evaluation and implementation of resilience concepts to critical infrastructure) suggests to use the
public?s declared tolerance levels for both minimum level of service and rapidity of service restoration as criteria
with which to evaluate if the resilience of a given CI is resilient enough. This paper demonstrates the development
of a questionnaire-based methodology to determine public tolerance levels. It then tests this methodology via a
pilot case study at IMPROVER?s Hungarian Highway Living Lab. The paper argues that public tolerance levels
are a reasonable choice for resilience evaluation criteria and demonstrates that the questionnaire-based
methodology permits one to evaluate public perception in such a way as to compare it to technical resilience
analyses.
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Laura Petersen, Grigore M. Havarneanu, Natasha McCrone, Garegin Markarian, Åsa Burlin, & Per-Erik Johansson. (2022). CBRNe, a Universally Designed App for That? In Rob Grace, & Hossein Baharmand (Eds.), ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 836–846). Tarbes, France.
Abstract: While a wide range of disaster apps are currently available, few address the topic of CBRNe (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and explosive) risks and threats. The proven value of disaster apps in emergency management and the unique ways in which citizens prepare for and respond to CBRNe incidents merit that such an app exist. However, disaster apps also have their limitations, namely uptake and accessibility. The PROACTIVE project is filling these gaps by co-creating together with vulnerable groups an accessible CBRNe disaster app. This article examines the results from four workshops held with the potential end-users recruited from vulnerable groups. Following the MoSCoW methodology, requirements were established and their relevance to the Universal Design principles discussed. For instance, it was found that the app Must have a less chaotic interface which would help meet the principle of simple and intuitive use. Lastly, the app redesign is showcased.
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Laura Petersen, Grigore M. Havarneanu, Natasha McCrone, Garik Markarian, & George Kolev. (2021). Universal Design & the PROACTIVE project CBRNe app. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 959–966). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: A wide range of disaster apps are currently available on various app stores, however few existing disaster apps address the issue of CBRNe (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive) threats. The unique ways in which citizens prepare for and respond to CBRNe incidents merit that such an app exist. But citizens are not a homogenous group, and therefore the concept of universal design will be implemented when filling this gap. The EU H2020 PROACTIVE project will address this by co-creating together with citizens, including vulnerable groups, a disaster app able to be used during CBRNe incidents. This article lays out the methodology X will employ in order to create and validate the disaster app and states some core requirements already co-developed
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Laura Petersen, Laure Fallou, Grigore Havarneanu, Paul Reilly, Elisa Serafinelli, & Rémy Bossu. (2018). November 2015 Paris Terrorist Attacks and Social Media Use: Preliminary Findings from Authorities, Critical Infrastructure Operators and Journalists. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 629–638). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Crisis communication is a key component of an effective emergency response. Social media has evolved as a prominent crisis communication tool. This paper reports how social media was used by authorities, critical infrastructure operators and journalists during the terrorist attacks that hit Paris on 13th November 2015. A qualitative study was conducted between January and February 2017 employing semi-structured interviews with seven relevant stakeholders involved in this communication process. The preliminary critical thematic analysis revealed four main themes which are reported in the results section: (1) social media is used in crisis times; (2) authorities gained situational awareness via social media; (3) citizens used social media to help one another; and (4) communication procedures changed after these critical events. In conclusion, authorities, citizens and journalists all turned to social media during the attack, both for crisis communication and for increasing situational awareness.
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Laura Petersen, Laure Fallou, Paul Reilly, & Elisa Serafinelli. (2017). Public expectations of social media use by critical infrastructure operators in crisis communication. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 522–531). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: Previous research into the role of social media in crisis communication has tended to focus on how sites such as Twitter are used by emergency managers rather than other key stakeholders, such as critical infrastructure (CI) operators. This paper adds to this emergent field by empirically investigating public expectations of informatio provided by CI operators during crisis situations. It does so by drawing on key themes that emerged from a review of the literature on public expectations of disaster related information shared via social media, and presenting the results of an online questionnaire-based study of disaster-vulnerable communities in France, Norway, Portugal and Sweden. Results indicate that members of the public expect CI operators to provide disaster related information via traditional and social media and to respond to their queries on social media. CI operators should avail of the opportunities provided by social media to provide real-time information to disaster affected communities.
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Laure Fallou, Laura Petersen, Rémy Bossu, & Frédéric Roussel. (2019). Efficiently allocating safety tips after an earthquake – lessons learned from the smartphone application LastQuake. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: In a context of information overload, actors in disaster management are facing challenges to efficiently allocate critical information during a crisis. Based on the empirical experience of EMSC (Euro-Mediterranean Seismological Centre) with its application LastQuake, this paper explores ways to provide safety information in
a timely manner, to the people who actually need it. First we introduce the method used to design and implement universally understandable visual safety tips, taking Ethical, Legal and Social Issues (ELSI) into consideration. Then, results on the effective use of the feature are presented. Findings demonstrate the importance of designing universal tools to limit the use of personal data as well as the Necessity of developing a multichannel approach for efficient crisis information allocation.
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