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Jennifer Mathieu, Mark Pfaff, Gary L. Klein, Jill L. Drury, Michael Geodecke, John James, et al. (2010). Tactical robust decision-making methodology: Effect of disease spread model fidelity on option awareness. In C. Zobel B. T. S. French (Ed.), ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings. Seattle, WA: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: We demonstrate a method of validating the utility of simpler, more agile models for supporting tactical robust decision making. The key is a focus on the decision space rather than the situation space in decision making under deep uncertainty. Whereas the situation space is characterized by facts about the operational environment, the decision space is characterized by a comparison of the options for action. To visualize the range of options available, we can use computer models to generate the distribution of plausible consequences for each decision option. If we can avoid needless detail in these models, we can save computational time and enable more tactical decision-making, which will in turn contribute to more efficient Information Technology systems. We show how simpler low fidelity, low precision models can be proved to be sufficient to support the decision maker. This is a pioneering application of exploratory modeling to address the human-computer integration requirements of tactical robust decision making.
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Laura Montells, Susana Montero, Paloma Díaz, Ignacio Aedo, & Jorge De Castro. (2006). SIGAME: Web-based System for resources management on emergencies. In M. T. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 1–5). Newark, NJ: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: This paper describes SIGAME, a web-based application for national cooperation in case of disaster. The main motivation of SIGAME is to provide a quick, flexible, reliable, many-to-many, updated communication channel for improving and coordinating the response of assistance suppliers (located at several territories) when an emergency occurs. In order to make communication as efficient as possible and taking into account the organizational diversities of the suppliers, the political implication and the characteristics of the future users, a user centered design method for web-based interactive systems seems to be the best solution for attending the designer through the different phases and products of the design process. In particular, we will focus on the techniques used both to involve stakeholders in the design and to collect requirements.
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Louis-Francis Pau, & Peter Simonsen. (2008). Emergency messaging to general public via public wireless networks. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 3–11). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Warnings to the broad population in an emergency situation, irrespective of location and condition, is a public policy responsibility. Public wireless networks offer now the opportunity to deliver emergency warnings in this way with explanations, because in many countries the mobile penetration rates and coverage are higher than any other access form. The paper summarizes the analysis of the selection process between Short messaging services (SMS) and Cell Broadcast (CB) messaging in the context of Denmark based on end user requirements, stakeholder roles and case-based analysis. It demonstrates the many technical, cost-benefit and other trade-offs needed in supporting the population now with a dependable and wide-spread technology. This research is the basis for a national policy.
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Philipp Schwarz, Yan Wang, Stephan Lukosch, & Heide Lukosch. (2017). Policy Gaming for Humanitarian Missions. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 814–823). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: Aid workers increasingly face risks when working in crisis regions. In order to improve effectiveness and safety of humanitarians, it is of great importance to provide a well thought out real-time socio-technical support. Thus, new policies and innovative technological solutions need to be developed and integrated into humanitarian workflows. For the requirements elicitation process to realize this aspiration, we employ a board game approach that confronts players with situations aid workers experience in the field. From the first game session, we learned that the game is a valuable tool. It raises awareness to important challenges and trade-offs that humanitarians face. In addition, it is an effective catalyst for initiating a discussion on which system requirements are needed. Future work will include an update of the board game as well as sessions with the target group of practitioners to inform the development of a socio-technical system for humanitarian aid work.
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Jozef Ristvej., Tomas Lovecek, & Katarína Kampova. (2012). ESEC portal as a tool for improvement of security focused studies. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: This article describes progress within a project approved by The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) in period from 10/2009 until 10/2012. The EACEA is responsible for the management of certain parts of the EU's programmes in the fields of education, culture and audiovisual. The idea of the eSEC project originated from the social requirement to increase the quality of education in the field of Security. The fault of the current educational systems is common detachment of the taught theory form the real practical requirements. That is the reason why it is necessary to focus more on the way in which the participants of education process can be prepared for the challenges which emerges from the labor market, which competencies are required and how it would be possible to link the educational systems of various institutions most efficiently. Therefore, the aim of our project eSEC is to develop and increase the competencies of students, pedagogues and research personnel working in the field of security, but even the expert public within the EU and the world. To achieve these objectives, an electronic portal eSEC is in process of development. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Jan Rudinsky, & Ebba Thora Hvannberg. (2011). Consolidating requirements analysis models for a crisis management training simulator. In E. Portela L. S. M.A. Santos (Ed.), 8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011. Lisbon: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: This paper presents a requirements model of the activities of the response phase of a crisis management simulator. The model was constructed based on three types of incidents in three different countries, and it derives from extensive requirements elicitations in meetings, field visits and workshops with a broad range of stakeholders from multiple agencies. A second contribution of the paper is the application of work model consolidation and lessons learned therefrom. A third contribution of the paper is an analysis of the similarities and differences of three different crisis management systems in the transport sector in three different European countries.
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Starr Roxanne Hiltz, Amanda Hughes, Muhammad Imran, Linda Plotnick, Robert Power, & Murray Turoff. (2019). Requirements for Software to Support the use of Social Media in Emergency Management: A Delphi Study. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Social Media contain a wealth of information that could improve the situational awareness of Emergency Managers during a crisis, but many barriers stand in the way. These include information overload, making it impossible to deal with the flood of raw posts, and lack of trust in unverified crowdsourced data. The purpose of this project is to build a communications bridge between emergency responders and technologists who can provide the advances needed to realize social media?s full potential. We are employing a Delphi study survey design, which is a technique for exploring and developing consensus among a group of experts around a particular topic. Participants include emergency managers and technologists with experience in software to support the use of social media in crisis response, from many countries. The topics of the study are described and preliminary, partial results presented for Round 1 of the study, based on 33 responses.
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Milica Stojmenovic, Cathy Dudek, Patrick Noonan, Bruce Tsuji, Devjani Sen, & Gitte Lindgaard. (2011). Identifying user requirements for a CBRNE management system: A comparison of data analysis methods. In E. Portela L. S. M.A. Santos (Ed.), 8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011. Lisbon: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to identify an effective user-requirements data analysis method for informing the design of a Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) management decision support system. Data were collected from a large simulation involving medical, police, hazmat/firefighters and subjected to three different kinds of analysis methods: Social Network Analysis, Content Analysis, and Observational Analysis. While all three methods yielded valuable information, the observational method was by far the best for the present purpose.
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Vittorio Nespeca, Kenny Meesters, & Tina Comes. (2018). Evaluating Platforms for Community Sense-making: Using the Case of the Kenyan Elections. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 924–934). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: The profusion of information technology has created new possibilities for local communities to self-organize and respond to disruptive events. Along with the opportunities, there is also a series of challenges that need to be addressed in order to improve societal resilience. One of these challenges is to make sense of the continuous stream of information to create a coherent understanding and improve coordination. The research presented in this paper focuses on the socio-technical requirements of IT platforms that support sense-making and coordination. Using a comprehensive evaluation exercise based on real data from the 2017 Kenyan elections, we examine the development, workflows and use of this shared situational awareness in a group decision making process. In this manner, we identify requirements for resilience platforms and identify further research directions.
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