Tina Comes, & Bartel A. Van De Walle. (2014). Measuring disaster resilience: The impact of hurricane sandy on critical infrastructure systems. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 195–204). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Modern critical infrastructure (CI) systems are tightly coupled, resulting in unprecedented complexity and difficulty to predict, limit and control the consequences of disruptions caused by hazards. Therefore, a paradigm shift in disaster risk management is needed: instead of focusing on predicting events, resilience needs to be improved as a basis for adequate response to any event. This paper starts from a definition of CI resilience that provides a basis for quantitative and qualitative decision support. For the quantitative modelling approach, which aims at measuring the resilience of individual CIs, we focus on two CIs of fundamental importance for disaster response: transportation and power supply. The qualitative framework details relations between CIs. The results of this research are illustrated by a case study that analyses the impact of Hurricane Sandy. The findings highlight the need for a framework that combines qualitative and quantitative information from heterogeneous sources to improve disaster resilience.
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Tina Comes, Valentin Bertsch, & Simon French. (2013). Designing dynamic stress tests for improved critical infrastructure resilience. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 307–311). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: This paper outlines an approach to support decision-makers in designing resilient critical infrastructure (CI) networks. As CIs have become increasingly interdependent disruptions can have far-reaching impacts. We focus on the vulnerability of CIs and the socio-economic systems, in which they are embedded, independent from any initial risk event. To determine which disruptions are the most severe and must be avoided, quantitative and qualitative assessments of a disruption's consequences and the perspectives of multiple stakeholders need to be integrated. To this end, we combine the results of consequence models and expert assessments into stress test scenarios, which are evaluated using multi-criteria decision analysis techniques. This approach enables dynamic adaption of the stress tests in the face of a fast changing environment and to take account of better information about interdependencies or changing preferences. This approach helps make trade-offs between costs for resilient CIs and potential losses of disruptions clearly apparent.
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Louise K. Comfort, Brian A. Chalfant, Jee Eun Song, Mengyao Chen, & Brian Colella. (2014). Managing information processes in disaster events: The impact of superstorm sandy on business organizations. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 230–239). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Building community resilience to natural disasters represents a major policy priority for the United States as hazards impact vulnerable urban regions with increasing frequency and severity. Applying network analysis techniques, we examine the dynamics of emergency response to Superstorm Sandy, which struck the United States east coast in late October 2012 and caused over $72 billion in damages. Drawing on a variety of data sources and analytical techniques, we document the storm's impact on a system of interacting private, public, and nonprofit organizations. We find that the storm's response network exhibited clear patterns of information gaps and flows among different types of organizations. Our findings suggest a general lack of communication between government agencies and businesses, an area of potential improvement in future regional-scale emergency response systems.
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Daniel Auferbauer, Roman Ganhör, & Hilda Tellioglu. (2015). Moving Towards Crowd Tasking for Disaster Mitigation. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: Advancements in information and communication technology (ICT) offer new possibilities when dealing with crisis situations. In this paper we present the design for a crowd tasking tool (CTT) that is currently under development. We describe how the tool can assist disaster relief coordinators during a crisis by selectively distributing tasks to a crowd of volunteers. We also compare the CTT with an already existing ICT based solution for supporting volunteerism during crisis. The differences between these two tools are addressed and the implications for volunteerism are discussed. The paper concludes with an outlook on future work emphasizing a form of volunteer involvement that offers potential for gathering information that is more relevant and easier to digest for decision-making than information provided solely by self-organised volunteers through social media.
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David Paulus, Kenny Meesters, Gerdien de Vries, & Bartel Van de Walle. (2019). The reciprocity of data integration in disaster risk analysis. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Humanitarian organizations are increasingly challenged by the amount of data available to drive their decisions. Useful data can come from many sources, exists in different formats, and merging it into a basis for analysis and planning often exceeds organizations? capacities and resources. At the same time, affected communities? participation in decision making processes is often hindered by a lack of information and data literacy capacities within the communities. We describe a participatory disaster risk analysis project in the central Philippines where the community and a humanitarian NGO worked towards a joint understanding of disaster risks and coping capacities through data integration and IT-supported analysis. We present findings from workshops, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews, showing the reciprocal effects of the collaborative work. While the community valued the systematically gathered and structured evidence that supported their own risk perceptions and advocacy efforts, the humanitarian NGO revisited established work practices for data collection for analysis and planning.
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Tiago C. De França, Diogo Nolasco, Rafael Lage Tavares, Jose Orlando Gomes, & De Paulo V. R. Carvalho. (2014). A critical insight of the pope's visit to Brazil for the world youth day: Resilience or fragility? In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 463–472). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: This work proposes a model to evaluate systems regarding their resilience in handling unexpected disturbances. To exemplify the use of the proposed model, we chose to analyze the World Youth Day (WID), an important event on the global scenario that happened this year in Rio de Janeiro, a city which will host big events in the next few years, like the World Cup and the Olympic Games. From this event, we chose two disturbances that stressed the system and had the possibility to cause a lot of problems to the event and the city, like the rains in Guaratiba and the arrival of the Pope's committee. After analyzing how the overall WYD organization deal with these disturbances we conclude that, besides the success of the event, the organization showed much more signs of brittleness than resilience.
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Debora Robles Perez, Manuel Esteve Domingo, Israel Perez Llopis, & Federico J. Carvajal Rodrigo. (2020). System and Architecture of an Adapted Situation Awareness Tool for First Responders. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 928–936). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: First responders (FRs) in Europe are currently facing large natural and man-made disasters (e.g. wild fire, terrorist attacks, industrial incidents, big floods, gas leaks etc.), that put their own lives and those of thousands of others at risk. Adapted situation awareneSS tools and taIlored training curricula for increaSing capabiliTies and enhANcing the proteCtion of first respondErs (ASSISTANCE) is an ongoing European H2020 project which main objective is to increase FRs Situation Awareness (SA) for helping and protecting different kinds of FRs' organizations that work together in large scale disasters mitigation. ASSISTANCE will enhance the SA of the FRs organisations during their mitigation activities through the integration of new paradigms, tools and technologies (e.g. drones/robots equipped with a range of sensors, robust communications capabilities, etc.) with the main objective of increasing both their protection and their efficiency.
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Deborah Bunker, & Anthony Sleigh. (2018). The Future of Spatial Systems for Disaster Management. In Kristin Stock, & Deborah Bunker (Eds.), Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. (pp. 279–285). Albany, Auckland, New Zealand: Massey Univeristy.
Abstract: The Spatial Futures Forum, held in Sydney in September 2017, highlighted issues that governments, emergency management organisations, academics and spatial systems research and development groups should carefully consider as they work towards a future that provides 'inter-connectedness with inclusiveness' for individuals and the societies in which they live. This is especially important when we consider the implications for disaster management when situational awareness and community resilience will be reliant on the: successful connection and integration of the 'islands' of spatial information generated by and stored in current systems; development of a real-time 'data on demand' approach to spatial systems; and the development and careful curation of an individual's 'virtual identity' from an ethical, legal, property ownership and risk perspective.
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Edjossan-Sossou, A., Selouane, K., Sayah, M. A., Ouabou, M., Vignote, C., Capitaine, M., et al. (2023). An innovative scenario-based modeling tool for the management of resilient water resources. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 808–821). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: As freshwater availability for domestic and agro-industrial uses is highly sensitive to climate change, there is an urgent need for the management of this critical resource to be resilient, i.e., to cope with and rapidly recover from climate risks. To achieve this resilient goal, decision-makers need to have a comprehensive understanding of (i) the current and future local water resources, (ii) the ways these resources are and will be impacted by climate change, and (iii) the effects their management decisions can have. In this paper, we present an innovative scenario based modeling tool that help decision-makers make the most appropriate decision towards managing water resources: the Resilience Performance Assessment (RPA). This GIS-based decision support tool illustrates the current and future effects of climate change on local water resources and simulates the outcomes of different water resources management strategies. The RPA helps guide decision-makers towards the implementation of context specific adaptation strategies.
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Edward J. Glantz, & Frank E. Ritter. (2017). Integrative Risk Identification Approach for Mass-Gathering Security. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 363–373). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: Effective risk management begins with successful risk identification. Unfortunately, traditional approaches may lead to haphazard and incomplete results. To overcome this, we present a new integrative approach to improve risk identification that sequentially investigates protector-views and narrow scopes using literature review, ethnography, and subject matter expertise. This paper illustrates this approach by identifying man-made and natural threats to mass-gathering events in general, and stadium security as an example. Improving risk identification enhances resilience to known risks by enabling planning and development of targeted response strategies. Working from a more complete portfolio of risk resilience strategies may also improve flexibility and agility to respond to new and emerging risks.
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Elisa Canzani. (2016). Modeling Dynamics of Disruptive Events for Impact Analysis in Networked Critical Infrastructures. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Governments have strongly recognized that the proper functioning of critical infrastructures (CIs) highly determines the societal welfare. If a failed infrastructure is unable to deliver services and products to the others, disruptive effects can cascade into the larger system of CIs. In turn, decision-makers need to understand causal interdependencies and nonlinear feedback behaviors underlying the entire CIs network toward more effective crisis response plans. This paper proposes a novel block building modeling approach based on System Dynamics (SD) to capture complex dynamics of CIs disruptions. We develop a SD model and apply it to hypothetical scenarios for simulation-based impact analysis of single and multiple disruptive events. With a special focus on temporal aspects of system resilience, we also demonstrate how the model can be used for dynamic resilience assessment. The model supports crisis managers in understanding scenarios of disruptions and forecasting their impacts to improve strategic planning in Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP).
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Eric Rigaud, Anouck Adrot, Frank Fiedrich, Nour Kanaan, Miriam Klein, Farnaz Mahdavian, et al. (2020). Borderland Resilience Studies. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 338–355). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: This article describes the definition and characteristics of borderland resilience studies as an academic field, and precisely its core phenomenon, major themes or components and challenges. The phenomenon of borderland resilience is firstly defined. The results of empirical studies complete the conceptual description. Finally, the article proposes a set of research and development challenges.
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Eulalia Gomez Martin, Josune Hernantes, Leire Labaka, & Marcos Borges. (2022). Building upon the Existing Knowledge: Updating and Improving the Smart Mature Resilience Model. In Rob Grace, & Hossein Baharmand (Eds.), ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 437–459). Tarbes, France.
Abstract: In recent years the concept of urban resilience has acquired great relevance within urban planning. The complexity of urban systems and the wide scope of the resilience concept require tools to facilitate the integration of the concept in urban development. Numerous studies, tools, and theoretical frameworks have been developed to support the resilient transformation of cities. However, these initiatives are usually not holistically integrated and limit incorporating the changes and advances in the resilience concept. This article highlights the importance of shifting from a continuously-building-new approach to building on an existing knowledge approach. This study has updated and improved the maturity model developed within the Horizon 2020 project Smart Mature Resilience. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to study the developments in resilience over the past four years and to integrate the relevant advances in the area into a new version of the Smart Mature Resilience Maturity Model (SMR MM).
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Mauro Falasca, Christopher W. Zobel, & Deborah Cook. (2008). A decision support framework to assess supply chain resilience. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 596–605). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Our research is aimed at developing a quantitative approach for assessing supply chain resilience to disasters, a topic that has been discussed primarily in a qualitative manner in the literature. For this purpose, we propose a simulation-based framework that incorporates concepts of resilience into the process of supply chain design. In this context, resilience is defined as the ability of a supply chain system to reduce the probabilities of disruptions, to reduce the consequences of those disruptions, and to reduce the time to recover normal performance. The decision framework incorporates three determinants of supply chain resilience (density, complexity, and node criticality) and discusses their relationship to the occurrence of disruptions, to the impacts of those disruptions on the performance of a supply chain system and to the time needed for recovery. Different preliminary strategies for evaluating supply chain resilience to disasters are identified, and directions for future research are discussed.
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Soraia Felicio, Viviane S. R. Silva, André Dargains, Paulo Roberto Azevedo Souza, Felippe Sampaio, Paulo V. R. Carvalho, et al. (2014). Stop disasters game experiment with elementary school students in Rio de Janeiro: Building safety culture. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 585–591). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Currently, the city of Rio de Janeiro is is in total evidence, hosting important events such as the Pope's Francis' visit in 2013, the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympic Games in 2016. In order to make the population aware, of some environmental problems this article was produced to analyze what factors people consider dangerous. In 2011, Rio de Janeiro went through difficult times, caused by one of the biggest floods seen in the city which ended up partly destroying cities of the state's the mountain region. Kids from aged 10 to 13 years from a high school in Rio were invited to participate in a study and they had to answer questionnaires before and after playing the game. From the results obtained, we analyzed how the game “Stop Disasters” developed by the by the UN can help create awareness and learning on how to behave in flooding situations at an accelerated rate.
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Femke Mulder, & Kees Boersma. (2017). Linking up the last mile: how humanitarian power relations shape community e-resilience. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 715–725). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: In this paper we present a qualitative, social network based, power analysis of relief and recovery efforts in the aftermath of the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal. We examine how the interplay between humanitarian power relations and e-resilience influenced communities' ability to respond to the destruction brought about by the disaster. We focus in particular on how power dynamics affect online spaces and interactions at the hyper local level (or 'the last mile'). We explain how civic technology initiatives are affected by these power relationships and show how their efforts may reinforce social inequalities – or be sidelined – if power dynamics are not taken into consideration. However, on the basis of a case study based power analysis, we show that when civic technology initiatives do strategically engage with these dynamics, they have the potential to alter harmful power relations that limit community e-resilience.
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Avelino F. Gomes Filho, André L. A. Sobral, Claudio A. Passos, Arce, D., Gustavo A. Bianco, Júlio C. Rodrigues, et al. (2014). C2 Center dealing with the unexpected: Resilience and brittleness during FIFA confederation cup. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 100–109). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Forecast and plan response to incidents are fundamental to create a Command and Control Center (C2 Center). However, some incidents are considered chaotic and are completely understood only after happening. These unforeseen incidents pose challenges to plans of such centers and if not properly managed, may result in failures. This article describes how the Integrated C2 Center of Rio de Janeiro City (CICC-RJ) responds to violent, unexpected and improbable events, especially related to protests that took place during the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. It aims to describe from the resilience engineering point of view how the CICC-RJ function to cope with incidents, where the structure has proved to be resilient, where it holds brittleness, and to suggest possible actions to help the center to become more resilient to upcoming events.
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Gah-Kai Leung. (2021). Reducing Flood Risks for Young People in the UK Housing Market. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 481–487). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Flooding is one of the most serious natural hazards faced in the UK. The Environment Agency estimates that in England alone, about 5.2 million properties are at risk of flooding, or roughly one in six (2009: 3). Flooding imposes significant financial, psychological and social burdens on households and these may be especially acute for young people in the property market, such as renters and first-time buyers. This paper examines how housing-related policy can help alleviate the burdens of flooding on young people in the housing market. First, it canvasses the kinds of damage inflicted when flooding affects properties. Second, it discusses the financial burdens imposed by such damage. Third, it enumerates the financial burdens and benefits of measures to protect against flooding. Fourth, it considers the non-monetary burdens of flooding, in the form of psychological and social burdens. Finally, the paper offers some policy recommendations in light of the preceding discussion.
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Gilbert Huber, Angela Righi, José Orlando Gomes, Paulo Victor Rodrigues de Carvalho, Caio Lemos, & Kézia Emydgio. (2016). Firefighting emergency response exercise ? an analysis of standardization and resilience. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: This work aims to analyse an emergency response tabletop simulation exercise undertaken as part of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) State?s Fire Department?s officer training program and conducted at Rio de Janeiro State?s Command and Control Center (CICC). Eleven groups of three officers acting as one played the roles of unit commanders. The exercise concerned the use of a set of SOPs and our research sought to identify sources of resilience and brittleness. From an initial scenario, the inserts escalated the action so as to require the commanders? responses to exercise 12 different SOPs, many simultaneously. This provided the context for the simulation´s main goal, which was to exercise and verify the knowledge, use, and suitability of the procedure related to the management of operational events of larger scale, duration, or complexity. Data collection and analysis followed cognitive task analysis methodology and included audio and video recording of the simulation and parts of its two preparation workshops. The simulated exercise showed the relationship between standardization and resilience. Not all of the expected SOPs set were utilized, in part due to the exercise design, in part due to gaps in participants? knowledge of SOPs, and in part due to acknowledged limitations of SOPs to deal with all cases real world contexts. This need for adaptation is an aspect increasingly present in complex systems, such as the one studied here, as the unexpected variability arising from the interaction between the many different elements that compose them can exceed the capacity of the SOPs to deal with it. Knowledge and analysis of the need for adaptation can contribute on different fronts: (i) better training for more conscious and safer recognition, planning and implementation of adjustments; (ii) the design or reformulation of SOPs better able to deal with real activity by considering aspects revealed by brittleness; and (iii) artefacts design to support these demands for recognition and enforcement, ensuring increasingly resilient, efficient and secure systems.
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Gilbert J. Huber, Roberto F. Júnior, Paulo V. R. Carvalho, & José O. Gomes. (2015). Applying resilience approach to C2 Center during FIFA`s 2014 World Cup in Rio de Janeiro. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: Rio de Janeiro?s Integrated Command and Control Center (CICC-RJ ) has already seen duty in several large scale events which happened in town, some planned, others not. CICC-RJ is part of Rio de Janeiro state?s response to the Brazilian national government?s mandate to improve the state?s ability to anticipate and respond coherently to public safety events in the region. Its infrastructure is intended to enable and promote local agencies? ability to anticipate, plan, monitor, and respond to public safety events by sharing operational intelligence and acting in concert. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the CICC-RJ issues where fragility and resilience were at play during the operational management of the 2014 World Cup in Rio de Janeiro, as the CICC-RJ seeks to enhance its capabilities to promote resilience in preparation for the 2016 Olympics in Brazil.
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Hemant Purohit, & Kathleen Moore. (2018). The Digital Crow's Nest: A Framework for Proactive Disaster Informatics & Resilience by Open Source Intelligence. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 949–958). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: The research on technology-assisted crisis management has primarily existed for two decades since 9/11. Although, the focus of technology research has been centered around tools to assist the response phase after a disaster. There has been a lack of emphasis on the role and design of technologies to assist the other phases of the crisis management cycle, particularly preparedness and mitigation phases to lead towards the vision of building resilient communities. In this paper, we first identify resilience characteristics of a community from the prior literature. We then analyze a co-occurrence network of concepts in the ISCRAM publications to validate the gap in relating technologies to resilience and conduct an indicator analysis of factors for proactive disaster informatics via a case study of recent disaster. Our analysis leads us to propose a conceptual framework “Digital Crow's Nest” based on Open Source Intelligence to improve the technology design for community resilience.
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Hoang Long Nguyen, Yasas Senarath, Hemant Purohit, & Rajendra Akerkar. (2021). Towards a Design of Resilience Data Repository for Community Resilience. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 271–281). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Community resilience is coming under scrutiny recently because of its need to support communities in preparing and protecting lives against risks and bouncing back to normal operations after disruptions. However, community resilience is an intricate concept that is arduous to capture and turn into explicit knowledge. This motivated us to propose a general architecture for a resilience data repository that enables communities to adopt a general methodology for collecting, storing, managing, and sharing resilience-based information. To ensure that the repository is useful and practical, we started with in-depth literature review and conducted survey with practitioners to obtain their insights into community resilience and potential data sources from local communities. Eventually, we presented the utility of the repository by describing several potential applications. Information systems professionals of community stakeholders and disaster management agencies can construct their own resilience repositories by utilising the proposed design of the architecture.
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Hossein Baharmand, Kees Boersma, Kenny Meesters, Femke Mulder, & Jeroen Wolbers. (2016). A multidisciplinary perspective on supporting community disaster resilience in Nepal. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Fostering community resilience in the aftermath of a disaster constitutes a significant challenge and requires an adequate understanding of the community?s specific capabilities and vulnerabilities. We carried out a field study in Nepal as a multi-disciplinary research team that explored how the humanitarian response enabled community resilience after the devastating earthquakes. We explored three elements of resilience: persistence, adaptability and transformability by zooming in and out between the local community and humanitarian organizations operating at the national level. Our combined insights from three disciplines, social sciences, information management and logistics, show that humanitarian organizations operating in Nepal still primarily aimed to (re)build community resilience ?from above? instead of enabling communities to strengthen their own resilience in a bottom up way. In this paper we contend that fostering an inclusive and networked response has the potential to strengthen the adaptive capacity of humanitarian organizations and community groups and boost local resilience.
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Hussain A. Syed, Marén Schorch, & Volkmar Pipek. (2020). Disaster Learning Aid: A Chatbot Centric Approach for Improved Organizational Disaster Resilience. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 448–457). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: The increasingly frequent occurrence of organizational crises exemplifies the need to strengthen organizational resilience. An example of business organizations is small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which contribute largely to the economic growth. But often, their limited resources (manpower, time, financial capital), organizational structure, focus on operational routines and less priority towards disaster resilience make them more vulnerable to crisis than bigger companies. The proposed solution addresses this dilemma by establishing a collaborative medium within the organization to improve disaster resilience by raising awareness and self-learning in employees without overburdening their constrained routines and resources. Our work in progress demonstrates a conceptual model of a learning aid (collaboration channel and a chatbot) that supports the pedagogical methodologies and employs them for enhancing learnability and awareness and elaborates the usability of interactive learning instilling disaster resilience in employees and hence in an organization.
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Ivison C. Rubim, & Marcos R. S. Borges. (2017). The Resilience and Its Dimensions. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 457–463). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: Resilience has become a concept extensively used by several areas of knowledge. However, there is no method, widely recognized capable of measuring resilient behavior. Therefore, this exploratory work aims to present a set of dimensions capable of delimiting metrics in order to measure a resilient attitude. For that, we analyzed some scientific papers considered relevant by the academic community. In this work we follow an analytical flow seeking to conceptualize resilience and situate it in the context of complex systems. This analysis allowed the discovery of some characteristics regarding resilience, fundamental for the proposition of the presented dimensions. Finally, we present a conceptual map that brings together the elicited dimensions.
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