Janine S. Hiller, & Roberta S. Russell. (2015). Modalities for Cyber Security and Privacy Resilience: The NIST Approach. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: Cybersecurity was a major topic of discussion at the 2015 World Economic Forum in Davos – the Sony attack; huge data breaches at Target and Adobe; a 91% increase in targeted cyber-attacks; annual losses of over $400 billion; the exposure of 904 million personal data records; cyber-attacks on a Finnish bank, a South Korean credit bureau, a German factory?s industrial controls, and the Ukrainian government; as well as increased general anxiety over critical infrastructure exposure (Tobias 2014; WEC 2015). These incidents highlight the risks inherent in a world increasingly complex, interconnected, and cyber-based. Much like thinking in other fields of disaster and crisis management, creating an impenetrable boundary or eliminating cyber risk entirely has given way to building cyber resilience. Cyber resilience is a social, economic and national security issue. This paper examines one approach, the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, in terms of building resilience in both cybersecurity and privacy.
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Joanne Stevenson, Ellie Kay, Chris Bowie, Vivienne Ivory, & John Vargo. (2018). The Data Challenges of Monitoring Resilience. In Kristin Stock, & Deborah Bunker (Eds.), Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. (pp. 153–165). Albany, Auckland, New Zealand: Massey Univeristy.
Abstract: There is a growing global demand for planning and development interventions aimed at enhancing the resilience of human systems. Coinciding with this demand for resilience enhancement is the demand for rigorous monitoring and evaluation of resilience and of the efficacy of resilience interventions. The aim of these assessments is to help decision makers prioritise inputs in a way that will result in the greatest reduction of mortality, health effects, and economic losses. As a result, there is an almost insatiable hunger for data that can improve our understanding of the resilience of human systems in the face of disasters. This paper reflects on two ongoing projects that are part of the 'Resilience Trajectories' programme of the Resilience to Nature's Challenges National Science Challenge. The first project, the creation of a New Zealand Resilience Index, is used to illustrate the data-related challenges and limitations of quantitative resilience assessments. We argue that composite indicators are useful aids for having a robust discussion about resilience, but high-level indicators must be supplemented with local knowledge and contextual information to facilitate meaningful decision making. The second project, the Data Integration and Visualisation En Masse (DIVE) web-based data catalogue, presents a partial solution to some of the resilience data challenges we have observed in the creation of the national index.
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Joaquín López-Silva, Victor A. Bañuls, & Murray Turoff. (2015). Scenario Based Approach for Risks Analysis in Critical Infrastructures. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: This paper proposes a Cross Impact Analysis for supporting critical infrastructures risk analysis. This methodology contributes to decision-makers and planners with analytical tools for modeling complex situations. These features are generally useful in emergency management and particularly within the critical infrastructures scope, where complex scenarios for risk analysis and emergency plans design have to be analyzed. This paper will show by an example how CIA methodology can be applied for risks and identification analysis with an application to a Data Centre of a Critical Infrastructure.
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Joeri van Laere, Peter Berggren, Per Gustavsson, Osama Ibrahim, Björn Johansson, Aron Larsson, et al. (2017). Challenges for critical infrastructure resilience: cascading effects of payment system disruptions. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 281–292). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: Critical infrastructures become more and more entangled and rely extensively on information technology. A deeper insight into the relationships between critical infrastructures enables the actors involved to more quickly understand the severity of information technology disruptions and to identify robust cross-functional mitigating actions. This study illustrates how and why disruptions in the payment system in Sweden could create cascading effects in other critical infrastructures with potentially severe consequences for many citizens, government institutions and companies. Data from document studies, interviews and workshops with field experts reveal seven challenges for collective cross-functional critical infrastructure resilience that need to be dealt with: 1) Shortage of food, fuel, cash, medicine; 2) Limited capacity of alternative payment solutions; 3) Cities are more vulnerable than the countryside; 4) Economically vulnerable groups in society are more severely affected; 5) Trust maintenance needs; 6) Crisis communication needs; 7) Fragmentation of responsibility for critical infrastructures across many actors.
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Josep Cobarsí, & Laura Calvet. (2020). Community resilience instruments: Chances of improvement through customization and integration? In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 381–388). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Resilience is understood as the ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner. So far, dozens of measurement instruments have been developed to measure community resilience to disasters, considering each one different types of hazards (general, natural, climate, man-made, etc.) and communities (general, urban, rural, etc.). However, none of these instruments has been widely adopted yet. In this context, we discuss important gaps for resilience research and practice. Then, we propose a conceptual framework to review community resilience instruments, so to enhance their improvement through two facets (or dimensions) we propose of customization and integration. This framework is characterized by the following properties for community resilience instruments: encapsulation, intelligibility, geographical focus, hazard range focus, connectivity, adaptability to dynamic conditions, datification, and stakeholders' involvement. We look forward to apply this framework to review a purposive sample of community resilience instruments regarding natural disasters.
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Josey Chacko, Christopher Zobel, & Loren Rees. (2018). Challenges of Modeling Community-Driven Disaster Operations Management in Disaster Recurrent Areas: The Example of Portsmouth, Virginia. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 1022–1029). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Although one of the dominant paradigms in managing disaster operations is that of modeling decisions around the activities of humanitarian organizations, recent literature has highlighted the importance of managing disaster operations from the perspective of the affected community. Modeling community-driven disaster operations has a unique set of challenges, however, several of which are highlighted in this research effort. These include engaging the community and coordinating amongst multiple decision makers, defining a clear community objective, and planning with long decision horizons. Using the urban area of Portsmouth, Virginia as a case study, this work in progress paper demonstrates a decision approach which addresses these critical elements of community-driven disaster operations management.
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Juan Francisco Carías, Leire Labaka, Jose Maria Sarriegi, Andrea Tapia, & Josune Hernantes. (2019). The Dynamics of Cyber Resilience Management. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: With the latent problem of security breaches, denial of service attacks, other types of cybercrime, and cyber incidents in general, the correct management of cyber resilience in critical infrastructures has become a high priority. However, the very nature of cyber resilience, requires managing variables whose effects are hard to predict, and that could potentially be expensive. This makes the management of cyber resilience in critical infrastructures a substantially hard task.
To address the unpredictability of the variables involved in managing cyber resilience, we have developed a system dynamics model that represents the theoretical behaviors of variables involved in the management of cyber resilience. With this model, we have simulated different scenarios that show how the dynamics of different variables act, and to show how the system would react to different inputs.
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Kees Boersma, & Robert Larruina. (2021). Restoring the Medical Supply Chain from Below: The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in the Production of Face Masks during the Covid-19 Crisis. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 260–269). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic hit societies all over the world deeply. Since it has affected societies worldwide and compromised socio-technical systems across geographical, judicial and administrative borders it can be considered a cross-border, transboundary crisis. This dimension has exposed the global medical supply chain's vulnerability. Due to its 'lean and mean' characteristics the supply chain was unable to function adequately during the crisis and formal authorities struggled to restore it, causing serious problems in the response to the pandemic. At the same time, numerous initiatives from below tried to give a (partial) answer on how to restore the broken supply chain. This paper presents a case study about a Dutch social enterprise (i.e. the Refugee Company) engaged with the cross-border dimension of the COVID-19 crisis. The Refugee Company set up a supply chain, operation and (domestic) production of personal protection equipment (PPE) materials, in particular face masks. The paper draws on data collected through qualitative methods, including document analysis (secondary sources), interviews and observations. The conclusion is that social entrepreneurs and enterprises played a crucial role in restoring the supply chain. The paper provides valuable lessons for both policy makers and crisis managers: there is great potential in recognizing the entrepreneurial activities from below in strengthening supply chains at times of crisis, potentially making them more sustainable and resilient.
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Craig E. Kuziemsky, Tracey L. O'Sullivan, & Wayne Corneil. (2012). An upstream-downstream approach for disaster management information systems design. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: Information is an essential part of disaster management. Information systems (IS) are a key means of providing the right information at the right time to support response to a disaster, and fostering collaborative facilitators such as situation awareness, common ground and communities of practice. However for these collaborative facilitators to support 'downstream events' (i.e. disaster response) they need to emerge and be grown from 'upstream' activities such as user engagement. Subsequently IS design requirements for disaster response are embedded in the community where a system will be used and it is from the community users and their needs that IS requirements must emerge. This paper presents an upstream-downstream approach for disaster management IS design. We describe four phases to user centered information systems design to support disaster management and provide a case study of using this approach in action to design an IS to enhance community resilience. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Leire Labaka, Josune Hernantes, Tina Comes, & Jose Mari Sarriegi. (2014). Defining policies to improve critical infrastructure resilience. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 429–438). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Industrial accidents increasingly threaten society and economy; the increasing exposure and vulnerability of our modern interlaced societies contributes to intensifying their impact. Critical Infrastructures (CIs) have a prominent role, since they are vital for the welfare of the population and essential for the economic growth. As hazards are hard to predict, decision-makers need to implement adequate adaptation and mitigation strategies to improve CI resilience. Although CI resilience has attracted increasing attention, empirical studies are rare. Research on the implementation of policies aiming at identifying a clear sequence of measures to improve CI resilience is lacking. Therefore, we present a framework to identify resilience policies across four dimensions (technical, organizational, economic and social) and to define the temporal order in which the policies should be implemented. This research provides a framework grounded in our empirical work. Future work will aim at developing quantitative approaches to complement our results.
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Laura Petersen, Eva Horvath, & Johan Sjöström. (2019). Evaluating Critical Infrastructure Resilience via Tolerance Triangles: Hungarian Highway pilot case study. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: While accepted as part of critical infrastructure (CI) resilience, no consensus exists on how to measure the exact
minimum level of service or the rapidity of rapidly restoring services. The H2020 European project IMPROVER
(Improved risk evaluation and implementation of resilience concepts to critical infrastructure) suggests to use the
public?s declared tolerance levels for both minimum level of service and rapidity of service restoration as criteria
with which to evaluate if the resilience of a given CI is resilient enough. This paper demonstrates the development
of a questionnaire-based methodology to determine public tolerance levels. It then tests this methodology via a
pilot case study at IMPROVER?s Hungarian Highway Living Lab. The paper argues that public tolerance levels
are a reasonable choice for resilience evaluation criteria and demonstrates that the questionnaire-based
methodology permits one to evaluate public perception in such a way as to compare it to technical resilience
analyses.
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Lennart Landsberg, David Ganske, Christopher Munschauer, & Ompe Aimé Mudimu. (2020). Using Existing Data to Support Operational Emergency Response in Germany – Current Use Cases, Opportunities and Challenges. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 406–415). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: The availability of resources in the fire and ambulance services in Germany is facing a radical change. Demographic and social transition is reducing the availability of volunteer personnel, and increasing traffic congestion in cities is resulting in longer travel times for emergency vehicles. This paper presents the findings of the definition phase of a research project that addresses these changes. It shows the basic idea of how resilience of fire and ambulance services can be improved by analyzing operational data from past incidents using artificial intelligence (AI). The primary objective is the development of a decision support system for control center dispatchers, which ensures optimal use of available resources. As the result of the definition phase, this paper gives an overview of existing data, current as well as future use cases and also highlights risks and challenges that have to be considered.
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Lev Zhuravsky. (2018). Responding to Disaster: Resilience Engineering and Shared Leadership in Coping with Unexpected. In Kristin Stock, & Deborah Bunker (Eds.), Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. (pp. 69–74). Albany, Auckland, New Zealand: Massey Univeristy.
Abstract: The magnitude 6.3 Christchurch earthquake struck the city at 12:51pm on Tuesday, 22 February 2011. Christchurch Hospital sustained damage following the earthquake which severely strained the hospital's ability to function at regular capacity. Three acute medical wards had to be evacuated immediately after the earthquake and relocated to an older person's health hospital. This insight paper makes a unique contribution to the field of resilience by demonstrating the practical application and positive impact of the Resilience Engineering and shared leadership to team performance in one of the relocated acute medical wards during the initial two years following the earthquake. This paper which is still work in progress was developed from the experiences and reflections of the author, who was a charge nurse manager of one of the relocated wards and led a nursing team during the earthquake, evacuation, and relocation. Taking RE model as a framework for creating resilience in complex and unexpected environment proved to be a very positive experience which created multiple learnings and prompted the team to develop sustained resilience at personal, interpersonal and professional levels. Working on this insight paper prompted the author to explore possible application of Resilient Engineering in health care environment, taking it as foundation principle of developing resilient health care in the context of complex adaptive systems. This transformed onto Ph.D. research which will be submitted to the conference colloquium.
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López-Catalán, B., & Bañuls, V. A. (2023). A Topic Modeling Approach for Extracting Key City Resilience Indicators. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 944–952). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: In the field of urban resilience, there is a great diversity of approaches to measuring the level of resilience in cities. This information is scattered among reports and academic articles. In this ongoing research paper, we explore the potential of Topic Modeling to analyze this information, in order to determine cluster indicators for a set of academic papers and resilience frameworks. These clusters are referred to as Key City Resilience Indicators (KCRI), which are used as reference to facilitate the measurement of urban resilience regardless of the context, including all the key dimensions required for cities to achieve resilience. Topic modeling outcomes can be used to generate indicators based on each topic or to automatically classify a new set of indicators in each of the established topics. These results can be applied to any resilience framework
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Jonas Lundberg, Rego Granlund, & Annevi Fredäng. (2012). Scenario play workshops – Co-design ofemergency response scenarios for information technology design in collaboration with emergency response personnel. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: We describe a co-design method for emergency response scenario creation, to support the evaluation of new information technologies. The aim of our use of the method were to achieve scenarios that could be used in experiments or training sessions with professional emergency response personnel. We have analyzed how the method facilitated the design of scenarios (events, resource demands, communication between players), and the description of constraints in a resource management matrix. Our research indicates that the resource management matrix could be an important complement to function-centric analysis methods such as Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). We also illustrate how the interplay between play and situation description allowed us to simultaneously design and validate the scenarios with respect to playability versus resource demands. We discuss how the resource matrix can be used to adjust the validated scenarios after the design sessions. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Marian Zulean, Gabriela Prelipcean, & Costinel Anuta. (2016). Retrospective Analysis of the EU Resilience to a Large-Scale Migration. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: The migration issue raises lots of questions regarding the resilience of the EU in front of such large-scale migration. This paper is the introductory part of larger research project that has in view to analyze the EU and some of the national strategic documents in order to detect when and how the migration as a security risk showed up and to clarify if it is a objective risk for EU security or it is just a tool of negotiation. The large-scale migration is a wicked problem that needs a foresight exercise not only to better understand the issue of migration but also to assess Emergency Preparedness of the EU and to prepare a long term strategy or scenarios, with regard to the way the current migration waves will impact the current European architecture. We propose to design a classical Delphi study, as basis for the above-mentioned exercise.
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Miguel Ramirez de la Huerga, Victor A. Bañuls, Pilar Ortiz Calderon, & Rocio Ortiz Calderon. (2020). A Delphi-Based Approach for Analysing the Resilience Level of Local Goverments in a Regional Context. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 602–611). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: This article shows the research process carried out by Regional Government of southern Europe, with more than 8 million citizens, to create an Information System to serve as a diagnostic and certification model for the resilience level of the municipalities of that region. This Information System will allow the local authorities of the regional governments to know in what situation they are and what they should do to improve their resilience level. The research framework is based on the best practices in urban resilience. One of the relevant characteristics of the work is the integration of the knowledge of a very heterogeneous group of experts for the identification of the special needs of the target region that has been articulated through a Delphi process.
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Mihoko Sakurai, Jose J Gonzalez, Richard T. Watson, & Jiro Kokuryo. (2016). A Capital Model for Disaster Resilience. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: This paper proposes a capital model for disaster resilience. A central notion to this effect is viewing an organization as a capital conversion and capital creation system (Mandviwalla et al. 2014). Systems resilience was originally defined as the measure of a system?s persistence and ability to absorb disturbances (Holling 1973). Our approach corresponds to ?resilience-1; Resilience as rebound from trauma and return to equilibrium as,? which according to Woods (2015) is one of the four main categories of disaster resilience. We develop a system dynamics model expressing the main features observed in selected municipalities affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. We show that the model is able to describe qualitatively the processes of capital destruction by the earthquake with the associated tsunami and the subsequent capital recreation. We discuss how the system dynamics model can be used to further increase our understanding of capital conversion processes in disaster resilience.
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Milad Baghersad, Christopher W. Zobel, & Ravi Behara. (2020). Evaluation of Local Government Performance after Disasters. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 210–217). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Monitoring and evaluation can help organizations involved in disasters learn from their responses to prior events and improve their performance over time. Using a data set of non-emergency service requests in New York City (NYC), this paper provides a method to evaluate and compare the performance of local governments in terms of service request response times after different disaster events. In particular, the proposed method can be used to compare such performance across divisions or boroughs in a city. To illustrate this, we evaluate the performance in five of NYC's boroughs: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island, across seven major natural disaster events from 2010 to 2012. Our analyses show that Queens and Brooklyn demonstrate better performance than the other boroughs in almost all of the seven events under consideration.
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Miriam Klein, Eric Rigaud, Marcus Wiens, Anouck Adrot, Frank Fiedrich, Nour Kanaan, et al. (2018). A Multi-Agent System for Studying Cross-Border Disaster Resilience. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 135–144). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Resilience to disasters depends on measures taken before, during and after the occurrence of adverse events. These measures require interactions between people belonging to different organizations (public, private, non-profit) and citizens in normal and stressful situations. The efficiency of resilience measures results from the collective interaction of individuals, groups of individuals, and organizations, as well as the situational characteristics of the decision environment. The aim of the French-German research project INCA is to develop a decision support framework for improving cross-border area resilience to disasters. This project comprises the design and the implementation of a multi-agent system with the objective to study the behavioral and organizational implications of cross-border cooperation for crisis management and disaster resilience. The analyzed measures focus on citizens who require medical support and the integration of volunteers into the crisis management procedure. This paper outlines the potentials of the multi-agent system and provides first implementation insights.
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Nawel Amokrane, & Nicolas Daclin. (2017). Deducing Complex Scenarios for Resilience Analysis: Application to the Franco-German High Speed Train Network. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 464–474). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: The present work is part of the project RE(H)STRAIN1 which investigates security and its impact on the resilience of the Franco-German high-speed train network in case of terrorist attacks. To improve the capacity of this network to recover a normal functioning after a terrorist attack, appropriate security measures must be determined. To do so, the project investigates, in a scenario-driven holistic approach the entire terrorist sphere of possible actions. Terrorism threat is first defined as a set of single attacks called vignette attacks represented by the triplet actor – weapon – target, then complex attack scenarios are built considering combination rules detailed in this article. In this regard, this work aims at providing end-users with an approach to automatically deduce a set of formalized, consistent and plausible complex attack scenarios to allow in further steps to analyze and improve the resilience level of the high-speed train transportation infrastructure.
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Nicolas Serrano, Josune Hernantes, Tim A. Majchrzak, & Mihoko Sakurai. (2017). Resilience Information Portal. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 445–456). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: The Smart Mature Resilience Project is a European research Project aimed at developing a Resilience Management Guideline. The guideline is composed of five tools developed in the project. They help to determine the level of resilience of a city and how to improve it. The Resilience Information Portal, one of these five tools, must support and integrate the different tools. It is also used as an engagement and communication tool. The tool had to be built before the finalization of the requirements, so a double approach was pursued in this project. First, a fast prototype was built based on a CMS, and second, a solution was built from scratch. The paper explains this process, compare both approaches, and how the long way can be more efficient. The final version has shown to be easy to use, and powerful enough to respond to the requirements of the users of the portal.
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Nour Kanaan, & Anouck Adrot. (2018). Managing inter-organizational breaks in a context of cross-border crisis. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 245–253). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Dysfunctions in interactions can impede communication between crisis responders. The literature in crisis management partially addresses this practical issue by outlining several types of “breaks” (Milburn, 1983). Breaks refer to social disruptions between organizations involved in crisis response that result in erosion of social links, conflicts amplifications and unstructured responsibilities allocation. However, research falls short of details about specification of these social breaks and how to address them, thereby leaving practitioners who need to handle this issue without clear practical guidelines. We draw on the concept of authority to help dealing with the occurrence of these breaks. The empirical analysis of this article focuses on a cross-border region between France and Germany, that is very likely to encounter inter-organizational breaks. This research in progress will contribute to understand the influence of authority on inter-organizational breaks and crisis response. We discuss the expected contribution of this research.
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Tracey L. O'Sullivan, Wayne Corneil, Craig E. Kuziemsky, & Daniel E. Lane. (2013). Citizen participation in the specification and mapping of potential disaster assets. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 890–895). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: Asset-mapping is a strategy used in disaster preparedness planning, however participation is typically limited to a small number of organizations with specific expertise related to disaster response. Broader strategies are needed to ensure identification of assets is comprehensive and to stimulate innovative thinking about which attributes of a community are potential assets for response and recovery. As part of The EnRiCH Project intervention, asset-mapping was used as a collaborative activity to promote identification of a broad range of assets which could be used to enhance resilience and promote preparedness among high risk populations. In this paper we present a study (in progress) which explores innovation and empowerment among a collaborative community group in Canada. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze focus group transcripts from 2 sessions where the participants (n=18) learned how to use google docs and create a database of community assets, while developing collaborative relationships.
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Kamil Panitzek, Immanuel Schweizer, Dirk Bradler, & Max Mühlhäuser. (2011). City mesh – Resilient first responder communication. In E. Portela L. S. M.A. Santos (Ed.), 8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011. Lisbon: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Communication between first responders is vital to the success of large scale disaster management. But communication technologies used by first responders today do not scale well due to heterogeneity, point-topoint connections, and centralized communication structures. As the popularity of devices equipped with Wi-Fi grows, the number of access points (APs) in city centers increases as well. This communication infrastructure exists and should be used in city wide disasters as it is readily available in areas with high population density. In this paper, we investigate Wi-Fi access points in 5 major cities deployed in stores, bars, and restaurants. We want to answer the question if these APs can be used as a mesh networking backbone in disaster response. The main contributions of this paper are (i) the surveyed and analyzed public Wi-Fi layout of five major cities and (ii) the connectivity analysis of the city wide network topology.
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