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Amelie Grangeat, Floriane Brill, Stephane Raclot, & Emmanuel Lapebie. (2016). Mapping of Areas Presenting Specific Risks to Firefighters due to Buried Technical Networks. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Vehicles or freight cars on fire below a bridge or inside a tunnel are exceptional events and imply difficult intervention conditions for firefighters. A buried technical network like high voltage electricity line, gas or steam pipeline around such a fire causes additional specifics risks. Vulnerability areas for firefighters are defined as zones where both factors exist: a difficult incident area – like tunnels or bridges over roads/railway lines ? together with a specific risk like buried networks. These areas require intervention teams with specific emergency response capabilities. The present paper proposes a method developed for the Paris Fire Brigade for vulnerability mapping. Results aim at being used by their decision support system dedicated to the mobilization of intervention teams. On the long term, it could improve the allocation of specific responses capabilities intervention teams as soon as the emergency call is treated. Results are debated from an operational point of view.
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Benjamin Herfort, Melanie Eckle, & João Porto de Albuquerque. (2016). Being Specific about Geographic Information Crowdsourcing: A Typology and Analysis of the Missing Maps Project in South Kivu. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Recent development in disaster management and humanitarian aid is shaped by the rise of new information sources such as social media or volunteered geographic information. As these show great potential, making sense out of the new geographical datasets is a field of important scientific research. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a typology of geographical information crowdsourcing. Furthermore, we use this typology to frame existing crowdsourcing projects and to further point out the potential of different kinds of crowdsourcing for disaster management and humanitarian aid. In order to exemplify its practical usage and value, we apply the typology to analyze the crowdsourcing methods utilized by the members of the Missing Maps project developed in South Kivu.
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Brian Tomaszewski, David Schwartz, & Joerg Szarzynski. (2016). Crisis Response Serious Spatial Thinking Games: Spatial Think Aloud Study Results. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: We present work on developing and evaluating a serious GIS spatial thinking game called SerGIS. We conducted a spatial think-aloud study with ten participants new to crisis response who used SerGIS with a coastal city hurricane scenario. Four themes emerged from participant responses: processes of reasoning, tools of representation, overlay and dissolve operation, and geographic information concept learning and knowledge gaps. The first three themes match directly with the spatial thinking theory and evaluation underlying SerGIS. The fourth theme identified addresses GIS and spatial thinking crisis response educational issues. Furthermore, statistical evidence indicates there is likely a relationship between participants from spatially-oriented backgrounds (but with no GIS experience) performing better with SerGIS than participants from non-spatial backgrounds. Finally, we found that with a game scenario based on established disaster management practitioner literature, participants could focus on spatial thinking tasks and not be limited by understanding the game scenario itself.
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Carolin Klonner, Sabrina Marx, Tomás Usón, & Bernhard Höfle. (2016). Risk Awareness Maps of Urban Flooding via OSM Field Papers- Case Study Santiago de Chile. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Urban flooding has been increasing in recent years and therefore new specified methods need to be developed and applied. The rise of Web 2.0 technologies and collaborative projects based on volunteered geographic information like OpenStreetMap (OSM) lead to new dimensions of participatory practices. Thus, citizens can provide local knowledge for natural hazard analysis in a convenient way. In the following, a case study of the Quilicura community in Santiago de Chile -regularly affected by urban floods- is presented. A combination of OSM Field Papers and the risk perception of local people is applied in the concept of risk awareness maps including a questionnaire for participants? information. This explorative study is a promising approach for a complementing data source because insight into local knowledge is acquired in a fast way. Results reveal two main streets, which are identified by the participants as prone to urban floods.
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Johannes Anhorn, Benjamin Herfort, & João Porto de Albuquerque. (2016). Crowdsourced Validation and Updating of Dynamic Features in OpenStreetMap – An analysis of Shelter Mapping after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: The paper presents results from a validation process of OpenStreetMap (OSM) rapid mapping activities using crowdsourcing technology in the aftermath of the Gorkha earthquake 2015 in Nepal. We present a framework and tool to iteratively validate and update OSM objects. Two main objectives are addressed: first, analyzing the accuracy of the volunteered geographic information (VGI) generated by the OSM community; second, investigating the spatio-temporal dynamics of spontaneous shelter camps in Kathmandu. Results from three independent validation iterations show that only 10 % of the OSM objects are false positives (no shelter camps). Unexpectedly, previous mapping experience only had a minor influence on mapping accuracy. The results further show that it is critical to monitor the temporal dynamics. Out of 4,893 identified shelter camps, 54% were already empty/closed six days after the first mapping. So far, updating geographical features during humanitarian crisis is not properly addressed by the existing crowdsourcing approaches.
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Marcin Przybyszewski, Anna Stachowicz, Tomasz Olejniczak, Michal Choras, & Jan Zych. (2016). Application ?Pomoc? ? Emergency Calls with Geo-location. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Location of emergency events is one of the crucial aspects during rescue actions. However, there are situations, when people calling for help are not able to provide their precise location (due to e.g. being lost). In the same time, people use mobile phones with advanced capabilities every day. Thus, the idea behind application ?Pomoc? (?Help? in Polish) presented in this paper is to make use of already available feature of mobile phones, i.e. GPS (General Positioning System) receiver. Application enables citizens to make emergency call (using European emergency call number 112) and send GPS location to Public Safety Organizations (PSOs), and from the PSOs side ? to receive this call and locate it on the map through the desktop part of the application. Application is developed within the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme project SOTERIA: On-line and Mobile Communications for Emergencies (http://soteria.i112.eu/). End users of SOTERIA project are citizens and PSOs.
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Mehrdad Negahban, & Reza Nourjou. (2016). Internet of Things for Next-Generation Public Safety Mobile Communications. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: This short paper briefly introduces the beamCitizen, a next-generation public safety mobile communications technology. It provides a mobile cloud communication platform that allows sharing of live video, voice, text, photo, location and other critical information among citizens, dispatchers and responders. It aims to connect people, information, and sensors. Our approach was to apply and implement ?Internet of Things? for development of the beamCitizen. To evaluate the beamCitizen, we used the University of Maryland as a pilot to create an end to end public safety communication and response service among the citizens, the 911 center and the first responders in order to help connect and protect close to 20000 students, faculty and visitors. It is available for download.
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Peng Du, Jianguo Chen, & Zhanhui Sun. (2016). Resource Management System for Crisis Response & Management. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Crisis response and management is a critical duty of authorities worldwide to ensure the wellbeing and safety of their citizens and the sustenance and function of society. One of the core components of crisis response is the management of various resources that support the emergency response operations. In this paper, the design of an emergency resource management system is presented, which is developed to utilise geographic information system (GIS), internet of things (IoT), and cloud technologies for precise and real-time inventory management as well as dynamic and adaptive resource dispatching services.
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Raul Eduardo Simoni Castanhari, Roberto dos Santos Rocha, Sidgley Camargo de Andrade, & João Porto de Albuquerque. (2016). A Software Architecture to Integrate Sensor Data and Volunteered Geographic Information for Flood Risk Management. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Natural disasters are phenomena that can cause great damage to people in urban and rural areas, and thus require preventive and reactive measures. If they involve multiple sources of information, these measures can be more useful and effective. However, the integration of heterogeneous data still poses challenges due to the differences in their structures and contents. To overcome this difficulty, this paper outlines a service-oriented architecture, as part of the AGORA platform, which aims to support the integration of sensor data and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) related to floods. The composition of the architectural components enables sensor data to be integrated with VGI by using several algorithms in a flexible and automated manner. The architecture was implemented by means of a prototype as a proof of concept and the results were used to generate thematic maps. These maps can improve flood risk awareness and support decision-making in flood risk management.
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Sérgio Freire, Aneta Florczyk, & Martino Pesaresi. (2016). New Multi-temporal Global Population Grids ? Application to Volcanism. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Better and finer global analyses of human exposure and risk of natural disasters require improved geoinformation on population distribution and densities, in particular concerning temporal and spatial resolution and capacity for change assessment. This paper presents the development of new multi-temporal global population grids and illustrates their value in the context of risk analysis by estimating the worldwide distribution of population in relation to recent volcanism. Results indicate that almost 6% of the world?s 2015 population lived within 100 km of a volcano with at least one significant eruption, and more than 12% within 100 km of a Holocene volcano, with human concentrations in this zone increasing since 1990 above the global population change rate. The novel 250-m resolution population grids constitute the new state-of-the-art in terms of global geospatial population data, with the potential to advance modeling and analyses at all stages of the emergency management cycle.
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Toshihiro Osaragi. (2016). Estimation of Transient Occupants on Weekdays and Weekends for Risk Exposure Analysis. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Understanding the characteristics of the spatiotemporal distribution of a population, which varies according to the time of the day and the day of the week (weekday or weekend), is one of the most important issues in the field of urban disaster mitigation planning. However, the existing Person Trip Survey data based on weekdays is not appropriate for estimating the spatiotemporal distribution of population on weekends. In the present study, we proposed a method for converting existing Person Trip Survey data from a weekday base to a weekend base and examined the differences in the spatiotemporal distribution of the population. Using these databases, we attempted to compare the number of deaths due to building collapse estimated for weekdays and weekends for various districts in the Tokyo Metropolitan area.
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