María Hernandez, Susana Montero, David Díez, Ignacio Aedo, & Paloma Díaz. (2009). Towards an interoperable data model for forest fire reports. In S. J. J. Landgren (Ed.), ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives. Gothenburg: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The creation of action statistics of fire extinction services is a common activity in the management of forest-fires emergencies. The compilation of action data and the elaboration of statistics based upon those data allow drawing relevant information about forest fires emergencies and fire extinction services. The creation of action statistics requires the exchange of heterogeneous data, with different granularity and detail, among scattered sources. This paper introduces a Forest Fire Report Data Model devoted to be a data reference model for sharing and exchanging forest fire reports in order to achieve syntactic interoperability among independent systems. The definition of the model has been based on the review of forest fire statistics made by different agencies as well as the experience gained in developing an information system, called SIU6, for the creation of action reports of.
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Daniel Hahn. (2007). Non-restrictive linking in wireless sensor networks for industrial risk management. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 605–609). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The OSIRIS project addresses the disaster management workflow in the phases of risk monitoring and crisis management. Risk monitoring allows the continuous observation of endangered areas combined with sensor deployment strategies. The crisis management focuses on particular events and the support by sensor networks. Four complementary live demonstrations will validate the OSIRIS approach. These demonstrations include water contamination, air pollution, south European forest fire, and industrial risk monitoring. This paper focuses on the latter scenario: the industrial risk monitoring. This scenario offers the special opportunity to demonstrate the relevance of OSIRIS by covering all the aspects of monitoring, preparation and response phases of both environmental risk and crisis management. The approach focuses on non-restrictive linking in a wireless sensor network in order to facilitate the addition and removal of nodes providing open interaction primitives allowing the comfortable integration, exclusion, and modification. A management layer with an event-triggered and service-based middleware is proposed. A live lab with real fire is illustrated.
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Björn J.E. Johansson, Jiri Trnka, & Rego Granlund. (2007). The effect of geographical information systems on a collaborative command and control task. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 191–200). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: This paper tests the claimed benefits of using geographical information systems (GIS) in emergency response operations. An experimental study comparing command teams using GIS and paper-based maps is presented. The study utilized a combined approach using microworld simulations together with physical artefacts. Participants in the experiment took the role of command teams, facing the task of extinguishing a simulated forest fire. A total of 132 persons, forming 22 teams, participated in the study. In eleven of the teams, the participants were given access to GIS with positioning of fire-brigades as well as sensor data about the fire outbreak. In the other eleven teams, the participants were using paper-based maps. The result shows that teams using GIS performed significantly better than teams with paper-based maps in terms of saved area. Communication volume was considerably reduced in the case of GIS teams. Implications of these results on GIS are discussed as well as methodological considerations for future research.
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Simon Mulwa Mutie, Banci Mati, Hussein Gadain, & Patrick Home. (2005). Land cover change effects on flow regime of mara river. In B. C. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 237–246). Brussels: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: The transboundary Mara River across Kenya and Tanzania and draining in to Lake Victoria has undergone major anthropogenic changes affecting its land cover over the past 50 years. However, these changes have not been quantified in a manner to allow wider scale understanding of the causative factors, their effects and show hot spots that required immediate intervention. To address these issues, a study of the land use/land cover change was done based on interpretation of digital LANDSAT TM and ETM images of 1986 and 2000 respectively with Idrisi Kilimanjaro software. In a separate addition, analyses of hydrological factors was done which involved comparing monthly mean flow hydrographs to assess changes in flow characteristics of the Mara river immediately after the basin forests. The results obtained showed 2.3 % deforestation, 0.7% reforestation, 20.9% of the basin was opened up for agriculture and 7.5% changed to wetlands. Hydrological investigations showed that river flow regimes have changed, with sharp increases in peaks, attenuation of the river hydrographs and reduction in base flows, factors that could not be linked to changes in rainfall amounts and characteristics but related to modifications of the land surface induced by artificial influences of the man in the basin.
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María Hernandez, Susana Montero, David Díez, Paloma Díaz, & Ignacio Aedo. (2010). A data transfer protocol for forest fire statistics: Achieving interoperability among independent agencies. In C. Zobel B. T. S. French (Ed.), ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings. Seattle, WA: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The elaboration of statistics after a catastrophic situation allows us not only to analyze the economic, ecological and social impact of the event but also to improve the emergency management process. One compelling example of data collection for statistics is forest fires. The agencies involved in providing data have its own systems to collect data and mechanisms to send them, as well as, its data format for storing. Since such mechanisms are usually proprietary, and in order to normalize the exchange of data with statistics generating systems, a data transfer protocol should be used. In this paper we present a data transfer protocol called Forest Fire Statistics Protocol (FFSP). This protocol aims at transmitting consolidated forest fire data between independent agencies. The data transferred are based on the Forest Fire Report Data Model. Both mechanisms are based on open standards providing both technical interoperability and a solution that might be developed once and fit the needs of all. FFSP has been implemented as a web service over SOAP, SSL/TLS and TCP protocols.
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