Wang, R., & Li, N. (2023). Revealing social disparities under natural disasters using large-scale mobility data: A dynamic accessibility perspective. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 797–807). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Accessibility is an essential indicator for measuring the functions and equity of urban services, and could be harnessed to provide insights into the social disparities in urban residents’ interaction with urban services. In this study, we attempt to measure urban residents’ accessibility patterns to urban services during natural disasters using an improved gravity model method. Firstly, by analyzing human digital trace data in the Wilmington metropolitan area over three months, we assessed the residents’ accessibility levels of grocery stores and restaurants before, during and after Hurricane Florence, and captured the diverse trends of residents’ responses to the hurricane. Then, we identified and statistically tested the social disparities in residents’ accessibility behaviors in response to the hurricane. The findings may provide new insights for city planners and policymakers in terms of equity evaluations of resource accessibility and resource allocations among different communities and improvement of their resilience against natural disasters.
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Yan Wang, Qi Wang, & John Taylor. (2021). Loss of Resilience in Human Mobility across Severe Tropical Cyclones of Different Magnitudes. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 755–765). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Severe tropical cyclones impose threats on highly populated coastal urban areas, thereby, understanding and predicting human movements plays a critical role in evaluating disaster resilience of human society. However, limited research has focused on tropical cyclones and their influence on human mobility resilience. This preliminary study examined the strength and duration of human mobility perturbation across five significant tropical storms and their affected eight urban areas using Twitter data. The results suggest that tropical cyclones can significantly perturb human movements by changing travel frequencies and displacement probability distributions. While the power-law still best described the pattern of human movements, the changes in the radii of gyration were significant and resulted in perturbation and loss of resilience in human mobility. The findings deepen the understanding about human-environment interactions under extreme events, improve our ability to predict human movements using social media data, and help policymakers improve disaster evacuation and response.
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Julian Zobel, Patrick Lieser, Tobias Meuser, Lars Baumgärtner, Mira Mezini, & Ralf Steinmetz. (2021). Modeling Civilian Mobility in Large-Scale Disasters. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 119–132). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: When disasters destroy critical communication infrastructure, smartphone-based Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) can provide basic communication for civilians. Although field tests have shown the practicability of such systems, real-world experiments are expensive and hardly repeatable. Simulations are therefore required for the design and extensive evaluation of novel DTN protocols, but meaningful assertions require realistic mobility models for civilians. In this paper, trace files from a large-scale disaster field test are analyzed to identify typical human behavior patterns in a disaster area. Based on this, we derive a novel civilian disaster mobility model that incorporates identified behaviors such as group-based movement and clustering around points-of-interests such as hospitals and shelters. We evaluate the impact of mobility on DTN communication performance by comparing our model with other established mobility models as well as the trace file dataset in a simulative evaluation based on the field test scenario. In general, our mobility model leads to a more realistic assessment of DTN communication performance compared to other mobility models.
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Aditya Irfansyah, Adam Widera, Mark Haselkorn, & Bernd Hellingrath. (2020). Current Trends and Future Challenges in Congestion Management. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 622–636). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Traffic congestion creates multidimensional impacts that require stakeholders' integration and coordination. This paper tries to close the research gaps in congestion management by examining a case study of integrated solutions of congestion measures and analyzing future challenges in congestion management based on two selected factors. The authors develop the result from the literature study and an expert interview that provides a better perspective on the case study. The study generates a new perspective on reviewing the organizational aspect of integrated congestion management measures. Secondly, it starts a discussion on future challenges in congestion management and connects the domain of future mobility with congestion theories as an independent discussion.
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Xinyuan Zhang, & Nan Li. (2020). Assessment of the Correlation between Extreme Weather Event-Induced Human Mobility Perturbation in Urban Areas and their Spatial Characteristics based on Taxi Trajectories. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 366–380). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Extreme weather events (EWEs) are significant threats to urban regions. One major reflection of such impact is the EWE-induced perturbation to urban human mobility, which has been documented in a number of recent studies. This study aims to examine the spatial distribution of such perturbation within a city among different areas that are characterized by the type of function and the distance to city center. A case study was conducted on a major rainstorm in the City of Nanjing, China in 2017, based on trajectories of all taxis in the city before and during the rainstorm. It was found that the rainstorm caused decrease in people's travel demand throughout the city, although the magnitude of perturbation and level of resilience notably differed among areas of different functional types. In addition, the urban mobility in areas distant from the city center were relatively less influenced by the rainstorm.
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