Herkevall, J., & Johansson Björn J E. (2023). Is this a date? – New perspectives on ICT for harmonized inter-organizational crisis management. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 67–75). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: In this paper, we challenge common conceptions related to the role and development of information and communication technology (ICT) for crisis management. Based on an understanding of inter-organizational crisis management as self-organizing through processes of harmonization in complex adaptive systems, ICT is positioned as an enabler in the bridging of social and organizational boundaries. In this view, the primary requirements for ICT in inter-organizational settings are defined by current information sharing needs, which are continuously changing with the context and co-working partners. From this understanding of inter-organizational relations in crisis management, this paper suggests two complementary approaches to ICT focusing on policy adjustment and training that supports adaptive organizational capabilities and utilization of easily available commercial ICT. The ideas put forth in this paper are intended to add perspectives and spark discussions on ICT for crisis management.
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Rodriguez, R., & Bañuls, V. A. (2023). Designing collaborative emergency plans for enhancing resilience in urban business parks. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (p. 1069). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Nowadays, emergency planning is an intangible business asset that allows companies to better face the possible catastrophic events they may be exposed to. The aim of the present study was to determine what collaborative emergency planning is and which elements must be considered in it, taking into account that the purpose of this type of planning is to help several organizations to work together in any emergency. The data were gathered through focus groups in an industrial area of Southern Europe that comprises more than 2,500 companies. The results obtained in this work allowed defining the reach of Collaborative Emergency Planning in business parks, as well as its basic functionalities, emergency scenarios and aggravating scenarios. Lastly, it was determined that Collaborative Emergency Planning is a tool for the construction of Organizational Resilience.
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Ly Dinh, Sumeet Kulkarni, Pingjing Yang, & Jana Diesner. (2023). Reliability of Methods for Extracting Collaboration Networks from Crisis-related Situational Reports and Tweets. In V. L. Thomas J. Huggins (Ed.), Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022 (pp. 181–195). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey Unversity.
Abstract: Assessing the effectiveness of crisis response is key to improving preparedness and adapting policies. One method for response evaluation is reviewing actual response activities and interactions. Response reports are often available in the form of natural language text data. Analyzing a large number of such reports requires automated or semi automated solutions. To improve the trustworthiness of methods for this purpose, we empirically validate the reliability of three relation extraction methods that we used to construct interorganizational collaboration networks by comparing them against human-annotated ground truth (crisis-specific situational reports and tweets). For entity extraction, we find that using a combination of two off-the-shelf methods (FlairNLP and SpaCy) is optimal for situational reports data and one method (SpaCy) for tweets data. For relation extraction, we find that a heuristics-based model that we built by leveraging word co-occurrence and deep and shallow syntax as features and training it on domain-specific text data outperforms two state-of-the-art relation extraction models (Stanford OpenIE and OneIE) that were pre-trained on general domain data. We also find that situational reports, on average, contain less entities and relations than tweets, but the extracted networks are more closely related to collaboration activities mentioned in the ground truth. As it is widely known that general domain tools might need adjustment to perform accurately in specific domains, we did not expect the tested off-the-shelf tools to perform highly accurately. Our point is to rather identify what accuracy one could reasonably expect when leveraging available resources as-is for domain specific work (in this case, crisis informatics), what errors (in terms of false positives and false negatives) to expect, and how to account for that.
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Per-Anders Oskarsson, Niklas Hallberg, Johan Nordström, Magdalena Granåsen, & Mari Olsén. (2022). Assessment of Collaborative Crisis Management Capability by Generic Questions. In Rob Grace, & Hossein Baharmand (Eds.), ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 385–391). Tarbes, France.
Abstract: Societies need the ability to respond to crises such as terrorism, pandemics and natural disasters. Hence, it is essential to ensure that the capability of crisis management is attained, maintained, and developed. Since large crises cannot be handled by single organizations, collaborative crisis management capability is needed. The objective of this work was to provide support by an instrument for assessment of collaborative crisis management capability. The work was iteratively performed in a workgroup. The outcome was two templates with sets of generic questions, one for assessment of the actual capabilities and one for assessment of the preconditions of the capabilities. The templates mainly focus on assessment of collaborative crisis management capability. However, since the questions are generically formulated, they should be usable for assessments of any type of crisis management capability.
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Anouck Adrot, Samuel Auclair, Julien Coche, Audrey Fertier, Cécile Gracianne, & Aurélie Montarnal. (2022). Using Social Media Data in Emergency Management: A Proposal for a Socio-technical Framework and a Systematic Literature Review. In Rob Grace, & Hossein Baharmand (Eds.), ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 470–479). Tarbes, France.
Abstract: Data represents an essential resource to the management of emergencies: organizations have been growingly investing in technologies and resources to lever data as an asset before, during, and after disasters and emergencies. However, research on data usage in emergency management remains fragmented, preventing practitioners and scholars from approaching data comprehensively. To address this gap, this research in progress consists of a systematic review of the literature in a two-steps approach: we first propose a socio-technical framework and use it in an exploratory mapping of the main topics covered by the literature. Our preliminary findings suggest that research on data usage primarily focuses on technological opportunities and affordances and, hence, lacks practical implementation aspects in organizations. The expected contribution is double. First, we contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of data usage in emergency management. Second, we propose future avenues for research on data and resilience.
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