Pestana, M. C., & Vieira, V. (2023). Crowdfunding analysis collaboration between citizens and response actors for Crisis Communication in Disaster Relief. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (p. 1083). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: In 2022, the global Emergency Event Database EM-DAT documented 387 occurrences of natural hazards and disasters, leading to the death of 30,704 individuals and impacting the lives of 185 million people. Crisis communication technology can help to support this scenario, providing appropriate support and efficient response to the affected Community. The communication between response actors, composed of professionals from operational centers, citizens, and affected communities should flow collaboratively. The population in the surrounding area where the event is provoked should be notified or may provide information for the response actors by means of some platform for crisis communication and anagement. Collaborative platforms for crisis communication are a research topic that is still under investigation. It is known that nowadays there are difficulties related to establishing effective crisis communication. The problems are related to delays in responses, conflicting information, diverse public opinion, bad resource allocation, and geographical mapping issues. In this scenario, a collaborative platform could be used as a model to serve as communication support. Collaborative computing, cooperation, location-based, disaster response, blockchain, and trust are the most related subjects to this area and represent an open field for future research. In this way, we started to research crowdfunding platform as a solution that can englobe all these features. About crowdfunding supported by govern, the research Lee et al. 2016 shows that: crowdfunding can offer an efficient mechanism to improve participatory budgeting and facilitate private–public collaboration while providing a high level of transparency in the budget decision process. Besides, the platform could allow the involvement of the population, for example in providing survival resources such as food, water, and medicines for disaster victims, medical assistance, and other critical services. For example, during a pandemic scenario, crowdfunding platforms assisted in augmenting traditional relief efforts. Besides, it is important to know insights into the needs of those affected communities Saleh et al. 2021. Crowdfunding platforms indicate to the governmental institutions which communities are affected and where the available funds can be directed. This Phd research proposal aims: • To study the factors that influence the success of the crowdfunding approach by applying techniques of sentiment analysis, geographical mapping, and duration of the campaign and collected amount. • To conduct a systematic review of guidelines for how to use crowdfunding to mobilize resources and support for the response effort. • To develop a case study of crowdfunding in the Brazilian context, compared with other scenarios, and how government can use crowdfunding to map and support the flood incidents in the Brazilian Northeast area. develop a model based on crowdfunding aiming to improve collaboration between response actors and citizens. Crowdfunding platforms show the progress of a campaign, helping to improve the transparency and accountability in the response effort. By making progress of the outcomes of the response effort visible to the public. Crowdfunding campaigns can serve as a community engagement and participation in the response effort. By involving the citizens in the response effort, government helps to build a sense of ownership and responsibility among the community.
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Patrick Lieser, Alaa Alhamoud, Hosam Nima, Björn Richerzhagen, Sanja Huhle, Doreen Böhnstedt, et al. (2018). Situation Detection based on Activity Recognition in Disaster Scenarios. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 737–753). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: In disaster situations like earthquakes and hurricanes, people have difficulties accessing shelter and requesting help. Many smartphone applications provide behavioral advice or means to communicate during such situations. However, to what extent a person is affected by a disaster is often unclear, as these applications rely on the user's subjective assessment. Therefore, detecting a user's situation is key to provide more meaningful information in such applications and to allows first responders to better assess incoming messages. We propose a predictive model that recognizes four normal and ten disaster-related activities achieving an average f1-score of up to 90.1\%, solely based on sensor readings of the subject's mobile device. We conduct an extensive measurement-based evaluation to assess the impact of individual model parameters on the prediction accuracy. Our model is orientation-independent, position-independent, and subject-independent, making it an ideal foundation for future context-aware emergency applications.
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Min Zhu, Ruxue Chen, Shi Chen, Shaobo Zhong, Cheng Liu, Tianye Lin, et al. (2018). A Conceptual Double Scenario Model for Predicting Medical Service Needs in the International Disaster Relief Action. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 409–418). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Man-made and natural disasters have affected people worldwide. Mass casualty incidents would create a surge in demand for medical services. Medical service needs are the basis of medical strategic readiness plan. In recent years, international actions have been criticized for being ill-adapted to dominating health needs of the affected region. The “Scenario-Response” modeling is an important method in disaster prediction. This research established a medical service needs scenario model with two different levels of ambition: a disaster scenario, in which casualty figure, composition of injuries are constrained by the types of the disaster as well as the degree of the damage, and a country scenario, in which the healthcare needs are constrained by the health coverage and the health condition of local people. Armed conflicts in Yemen and Syria Arab Republic were analyzed by this model. The results showed that the outcome of this model fit the reality.
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Cécile L'Hermitte, William Wang, & Eric Deakins. (2018). Exploring the Physical Internet concept to improve disaster relief operations. In Kristin Stock, & Deborah Bunker (Eds.), Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. (pp. 12–27). Albany, Auckland, New Zealand: Massey Univeristy.
Abstract: Successful disaster relief operations call for responsive and flexible movements of goods in order to make the relief items available when and where they are needed by the affected communities. The objective of this explorative research is to investigate the applicability of the Physical Internet to emergency relief operations. The Physical Internet is a groundbreaking logistical system in which standardised, modular packages are automatically routed from origin to destination through a hyperconnected network of logistics providers and facilities. Although the concept is receiving growing attention from academics, practitioners and policy makers, research in the disaster management context is virtually non-existent. Based on a review of the relevant academic literature and publicly available information from emergency responding agencies and the media, we firstly use the Kaikoura earthquake that occurred in the South Island of New Zealand on 14th November 2016 to identify six key requirements that support the efficient movement of relief items in the aftermath of a disaster. We then identify six characteristics of the Physical Internet and explore how these characteristics can support the requirements of emergency response operations. We conclude that the Physical Internet principles have the potential to enhance the speed, flexibility and reliability of emergency responses. In other words, a fully integrated and collaborative logistics system in which relief items and information move seamlessly across a web of interconnected transport modes and operators can increase the efficient deployment of urgently needed relief items. This study extends the Physical Internet principles to emergency relief operations and identifies new ways of improving and optimising the logistics of emergency responses. In doing so, this research aims to stimulate debate within the disaster relief sector.
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Mohd Khairul Azmi Hassan, & Yun-Heh Chen-Burger. (2016). Communication and Tracking Ontology Development for Civilians Earthquake Disaster Assistance. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: One of the most important components of recovery and speedy response during and immediately after an earthquake disaster is a communication and tracking which possibly capable of discovering affected peoples and connects them with their families, friends, and communities with first responders and/or to support computational systems. With the capabilities of current mobile technologies, we believed that it can be a smart earthquake disaster tools aid to help people in this situation. Ontologies are becoming crucial parts to facilitate an effective communication and coordination across different parties and domains in providing assistance during earthquake disasters, especially where affected locations are remote, affected population is large and centralized coordination is poor. Several existing competing methodologies give guidelines as how ontology may be built, there are no single right ways of building an ontology and no standard of Disaster Relief Ontology exist, although separated related ontologies may be combined to create an initial version. This article discusses the on-going development of an ontology for a Communication and Tracking System (CTS), based on existing related ontologies, that is aimed to be used by mobile phone applications to support earthquake disaster relief at the real-time.
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