Björn Johan Erik Johansson, Amanda Jaber, Joeri van Laere, & Peter Berggren. (2018). The lack of preparedness for payment disruptions in local community core businesses. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 904–913). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: One of the most important infrastructures for society is the payment system. If this system malfunctions, it can lead to disruptions in other critical infrastructures. By developing resilience i.e. the ability to recover or resist different disruptions in complex dynamic systems, as well as analyzing and raising awareness about it, such events can hopefully be handled better. The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into the different sectors' ways of dealing with disturbances in the payment system. Six participants from the food, fuel and bank sectors were interviewed using semi-structured questions. The interviews were conducted and data was analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The results indicate a low level of resilience maturity among these organizations when it comes to handle long-term disruptions in the payment systems. The results provide valuable input to the project and a better understanding of payment infrastructure resilience.
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Joeri van Laere, Peter Berggren, Per Gustavsson, Osama Ibrahim, Björn Johansson, Aron Larsson, et al. (2017). Challenges for critical infrastructure resilience: cascading effects of payment system disruptions. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 281–292). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: Critical infrastructures become more and more entangled and rely extensively on information technology. A deeper insight into the relationships between critical infrastructures enables the actors involved to more quickly understand the severity of information technology disruptions and to identify robust cross-functional mitigating actions. This study illustrates how and why disruptions in the payment system in Sweden could create cascading effects in other critical infrastructures with potentially severe consequences for many citizens, government institutions and companies. Data from document studies, interviews and workshops with field experts reveal seven challenges for collective cross-functional critical infrastructure resilience that need to be dealt with: 1) Shortage of food, fuel, cash, medicine; 2) Limited capacity of alternative payment solutions; 3) Cities are more vulnerable than the countryside; 4) Economically vulnerable groups in society are more severely affected; 5) Trust maintenance needs; 6) Crisis communication needs; 7) Fragmentation of responsibility for critical infrastructures across many actors.
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Peter Berggren, Molly Lundberg, Joeri van Laere, & Björn J E Johansson. (2019). Community resilience towards disruptions in the payment system. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: This paper presents a study where nine Swedish citizens were interviewed about their concerns and expectations, from a customer perspective, in relation to a 10 day disruption in the payment system. The purpose of the study was to understand the customer?s perspective in order to provide input to the development of a simulation environment. This simulation environment aims at allowing different stakeholders to experience how a disruption in the payment system affects the local community and thereby create understanding of how resilience is built and affected. The research questions were: What do customers expect to get access to? When? What are customers prepared for? How does this differ among different customer groups? The results indicate some understanding of how such a crisis affects the local community and what the informants expects to happen. The respondents represented a diversity of socio-economic backgrounds from rural and urban parts of the municipality.
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