Ahmed Alnuhayt, Suvodeep Mazumdar, Vitaveska Lanfranchi, & Frank Hopfgartner. (2022). Understanding Reactions to Misinformation – A Covid-19 Perspective. In Rob Grace, & Hossein Baharmand (Eds.), ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 687–700). Tarbes, France.
Abstract: The increasing use of social media as an information source brings further challenges – social media platforms can be an excellent medium for disseminating public awareness and critical information, that can be shared across large populations. However, misinformation in social media can have immense implications on public health, risking the effectiveness of health interventions as well as lives. This has been particularly true in the case of COVID-19 pandemic, with a range of misinformation, conspiracy theories and propaganda being spread across social channels. In our study, through a questionnaire survey, we set out to understand how members of the public interact with different sources when looking for information on COVID-19. We explored how participants react when they encounter information they believe to be misinformation. Through a set of three behaviour tasks, synthetic misinformation posts were provided to the participants who chose how they would react to them. In this work in progress study, we present initial findings and insights into our analysis of the data collected. We highlight what are the most common reactions to misinformation and also how these reactions are different based on the type of misinformation.
|
Paul S. Earle, & David J. Wald. (2006). Rapid post-earthquake information and assessment tools from the U.S. geological survey national earthquake information center. In M. T. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 402–408). Newark, NJ: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: A suite of post-earthquake information products and assessment tools are produced and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). These products range from the rapid determination of earthquake magnitude and location to tools that provide situational awareness following earthquake catastrophes. The NEIC distributes earthquake location, magnitude, and supporting information through many sources including, text message, pager, and the Internet (e-mail, web-pages and RSS feeds). To aid in the rapid determination of an earthquake's impact, the NEIC has developed tools to 1) map the observed shaking intensity reported from the region affected by the earthquake (Community Internet Intensity Maps), and 2) quantify the number of people exposed to severe shaking (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response).
|
Humaira Waqas, & Muhammad Imran. (2019). #CampFireMissing: An Analysis of Tweets About Missing and Found People From California Wildfires. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Several research studies have shown the importance of social media data for humanitarian aid. Among others,
the issue of missing and lost people during disasters and emergencies is crucial for disaster managers. This work
analyzes Twitter data from a recent wildfire event to determine its usefulness for the mitigation of the missing and
found people issue. Data analysis performed using various filtering techniques, and trend analysis revealed that
Twitter contains important information potentially useful for emergency managers and volunteers to tackle this
issue. Many tweets were found containing full names, partial names, location information, and other vital clues
which could be useful for finding missing people.
|
Markku T. Häkkinen, & Helen T. Sullivan. (2007). Effective communication of warnings and critical information: Application of accessible design methods to auditory warnings. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 167–171). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: When a system initiates an auditory warning or alert, detection and correct identification of the information by the human recipient can be influenced by a variety of factors. Examples from aviation and public warning demonstrate instances where messages are ignored, not understood or misinterpreted. The reasons why messages may fail can stem from the design of the message itself, environmental conditions, and sensory or cognitive impairments. Based upon experience from several contexts and from the development of assistive technology for people with disabilities, promising design approaches are being explored in research on warning system design. The importance of multimodal warnings, selection of speech type, and internationalization are discussed.
|
Maude Arru, Brice Mayag, & Elsa Negre. (2016). Early-Warning System Perception: a Study on Fire Safety. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Warnings can help prevent damage and harm if they are issued timely and provide information helping responders and population to adequately prepare for the disaster to come. Today, there are many indicator and sensor systems that are designed to reduce disaster risks, or issue early warnings. In this paper we analyze the perception that people have from security management systems and we propose an indicator to measure Early-Warning System perception for people-oriented decision support. To illustrate our approach, we present a study of the fire safety system in our University.
|
Tim Murphy, & Murray E. Jennex. (2006). Knowledge management systems developed for hurricane katrina response. In M. T. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 615–624). Newark, NJ: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: This paper explores the use of knowledge management with emergency information systems. Two knowledge management systems that were utilized during Hurricane Katrina response are described and analyzed. The systems specified were developed by both federal agencies as well as grass root efforts without the support or mandate of government programs. These programs, although developed independently, were able to share data and interact in life saving capacities, transcending traditional geo-political boundaries. We conclude that emergency information systems are enhanced by incorporating knowledge management tools and concepts.
|
Samer Cheade, Nada Matta, Jean-Baptiste Pothin, & Remi Cogranne. (2019). Situation Representation and Awareness for Rescue Operations. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: During rescue operations, being aware of the situation is very critical for rescuers and decision-makers to reduce the impacts. This work aims to support situation awareness amongst actors participating in rescue operations by adopting an ontology-based approach. An application ontology is proposed based on existing related ontologies and operational expertise collection. It will help to ensure common situation representation and understanding between different actors. After that, a knowledge-based system will be developed and integrated in actors? environment to support decision-making. Our preliminary results are shown in this paper.
|
Nathaniel Inglis Steinfeld. (2012). Federal emergency and disaster requests for tribal lands. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: Indian tribes have a special relationship with the federal government that dates back to the establishment of the United States. Federal disaster law, however, treats tribes as local governments and gives little weight to the historic relationship and lands of tribes. Instead of communicating as sovereign governments, tribes must first submit a disaster request to state officials, who then have discretion in transmitting the information to the federal government. This additional step in communication harms two important goals in disaster response on tribal lands: Efficiency and respectfulness in emergency communication and assistance. This paper examines how the legal framework that frames that intergovernmental communication. With this short introduction, this paper hopes to draw attention to the unique characteristics of tribal government, Indian law, and disasters on tribal land. © 2012 ISCRAM.
|
Toshihiro Osaragi. (2018). Crowding of Various Facilities Relevant to Supporting People Who Have Difficulty Returning Home after a Large Earthquake. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 45–59). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: When a large earthquake occurs, many people are presumed to have difficulty in returning home. However, no research has been achieved yet to discuss the congestion of supporting facilities for stranded people in terms of site, the number and spatial distribution. In this study, we construct a simulation model, which describes people's behavior such as returning home or going to other facilities after an earthquake occurs. Using the model, we estimate the congestion of facilities which varies according to day of the week or the time when the event occurs, and demonstrate the effective methods for reducing the congestion, which include offering information for people and cooperation of private institutions.
|
Yoshiki Ogawa, Yuki Akiyama, & Ryosuke Shibasaki. (2017). Extraction of significant scenarios for earthquake damage estimation using sparse modeling. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 150–163). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: The recent diversification and accumulation of data from GPS equipped mobile phones, building sensors, and other resources in Japan has caused a large increase in the number of earthquake disaster scenarios that can be identified. Disaster prevention planning requires us to contemplate which scenario should be focused on and the required response to various scenarios. As a means to solve this problem, the damage distribution of building collapse and fire from GPS data can be used to estimate future damage based on people flow and various hypocenter models of earthquakes. We propose a method that uses sparse modeling to extract scenarios that are important for disaster estimation and prevention. As a result, this paper makes it possible to quickly grasp the scenario distribution, which was previously impossible to do, and to extract the significant scenarios.
|