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Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.). (2021). 18th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings. Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: The theme of ISCRAM 2021 is “Embracing the Interdisciplinary Nature of Crisis Management.” These
proceedings highlight the range of interdisciplinary research required to understand the design, behavior,
and performance of crisis and emergency management systems. We are pleased to present the included
papers, which offer excellent contributions on a wide range of topics related to the use of information
systems in crisis response and management.
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Julien Coche, Jess Kropczynski, Aurélie Montarnal, Andrea Tapia, & Frédérick Bénaben. (2021). Actionability in a Situation Awareness world: Implications for social media processing system design. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 994–1001). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: The field of crisis informatics now has a decade-long history of designing tools that leverage social media to support decision-makers situation awareness. Despite this history, there remains few examples of these tools adopted by practitioners. Recent fieldwork with public safety answering points and first responders has led to an awareness of the need for tools that gather actionable information, rather than situational awareness alone. This paper contributes to an ongoing discussion about these concepts by proposing a model that embeds the concept of actionable information into Endsley's model of situation awareness. We also extend the insights of this model to the design implications of future information processing systems.
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Boris Petrenj, & Paolo Trucco. (2021). Blockchain-based Solutions to support inter-organisational Critical Infrastructure Resilience. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 982–993). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: This conceptual paper critically discusses opportunities for and challenges to the development and exploitation of blockchain-based solutions for resilience management at inter-organizational level of interdependent Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems. The main premise behind this idea is that trustful information-sharing and inter-institutional collaboration are the key elements of government and private sector efforts to build CI resilience (CIR). The discussion presents a vision that the adoption and adaptation of Blockchain Technology (BCT) could significantly improve the way a network of stakeholders prepares for and performs in face of inevitable CI disruptions. Even though BCT is regarded as technological innovation, the impacts go far beyond information systems. BCT application in this domain would entail significant benefits to organizational, managerial, legal and social issues, but would require adequate operational and organizational changes. We discuss how interdisciplinary approach (BCT and CIR) could address existing challenges, how it could introduce new challenges and how it could support other approaches and paradigms currently being regarded as the future of risk and resilience management. Even though the discussion in this paper is focused on Critical Infrastructure resilience, each point also applies to Crisis/Disaster management domain in general. This is a preliminary overview with the aim to stimulate further discussions and point to possible new, disruptive and interdisciplinary research avenues. To this end, a possible research agenda is eventually proposed.
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Yohann Chasseray, Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë, Stéphane Négny, & Jean-Marc Le Lann. (2021). Automated unsupervised ontology population system applied to crisis management domain. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 968–981). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: As crisis are complex systems, providing an accurate response to an ongoing crisis is not possible without ensuring situational awareness. The ongoing works around knowledge management and ontologies provide relevant and machine readable structures towards situational awareness and context understanding. Many metamodels, that can be derived into ontologies, supporting the collect and organization of crucial information for Decision Support Systems have been designed and are now used on specific cases. The next challenge into crisis management is to provide tools that can process an automated population of these metamodels/ontologies. The aim of this paper is to present a strategy to extract concept-instance relations in order to feed crisis management ontologies. The presented system is based on a previously proposed generic metamodel for information extraction and is applied in this paper to three different case studies representing three different crisis namely Ebola sanitarian crisis, Fukushima nuclear crisis and Hurricane Katrina natural disaster.
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Laura Petersen, Grigore M. Havarneanu, Natasha McCrone, Garik Markarian, & George Kolev. (2021). Universal Design & the PROACTIVE project CBRNe app. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 959–966). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: A wide range of disaster apps are currently available on various app stores, however few existing disaster apps address the issue of CBRNe (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive) threats. The unique ways in which citizens prepare for and respond to CBRNe incidents merit that such an app exist. But citizens are not a homogenous group, and therefore the concept of universal design will be implemented when filling this gap. The EU H2020 PROACTIVE project will address this by co-creating together with citizens, including vulnerable groups, a disaster app able to be used during CBRNe incidents. This article lays out the methodology X will employ in order to create and validate the disaster app and states some core requirements already co-developed
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