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	Author	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Title	17th ISCRAM Conference Proceedings			Type	Conference Volume
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings � 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1193
	Keywords
	Abstract	The 17th annual conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2020) was scheduled to be held in Blacksburg, Virginia from May 24th-27th, 2020. Unfortunately, due to the widespread impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conference organizers and the ISCRAM Board decided to postpone the conference until May 2021. Even though we could not hold the conference as originally planned, all papers accepted for presentation at ISCRAM 2020 are published in the conference proceedings presented here, and the authors of these papers will have the opportunity to present their papers at the 2021 conference. The 2021 conference will once again be hosted at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, and it will take place during the week of May 23rd, 2021. The theme of ISCRAM 2020 is �Bringing Disaster Resilience into Focus.� These proceedings seek to highlight resilience in Crisis and Emergency Management and to stimulate discussions that enable the design of crisis and emergency management systems that contribute to more resilient organizations and communities. We are pleased to present the accepted papers for ISCRAM 2020, which consist of excellent contributions on a wide range of topics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-92	ISBN	2411-3478	Medium
	Track	Proceedings	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	2307
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	Author	Cecilia Hammar Wijkmark; Ilona Heldal
	Title	Virtual and Live Simulation-Based Training for Incident Commanders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1154-1162
	Keywords	Virtual Simulation; Simulation; Serious Games; Training; Live Training; Cost and Benefit; Use; Usability; Incident Command
	Abstract	Computer and virtual simulation-based training (CST) offer several benefits for emergency response and management preparedness. However, organizations responsible for training are often hesitant to use CST, based on cost and perceived lack of benefit when compared to live simulation training (LST). This paper investigates how CST can complement LST, and how it contributes to achieving the necessary learning objectives for level one fire and rescue service incident commanders (ICs). Data and examples come from an experimental study with students from different fire and rescue services trained in the role of the IC in LST and CST, in a similar scenario. Results show the cost and benefits of the CST implementation based on evaluations from learners, instructors and responsible managers. Participants had a positive attitude towards using virtual simulations, but the results also point to barriers regarding the suitable design of learning scenarios and implementation.
	Address	Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-105	ISBN	2411-3491	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Cecilia.hammar.wijkmark@hvl.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2306
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	Author	Daniel Lichte; Dustin Witte; Kai-Dietrich Wolf
	Title	Comprehensive Security Hazard Analysis for Transmission Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1145-1153
	Keywords	Physical Security; Energy Transmission Systems; Scenario Analysis; Threat Analysis; Risk Assessment
	Abstract	Critical energy infrastructures are more and more focused upon by politics and society. Modern society depends on these structures, since they enable the steady support of electricity and other types of energy. Deliberately precipitated hazards of certain critical parts of electrical transmission systems (ETS) can lead to catastrophic consequences. Therefore, the analysis of feasible security hazards and resulting consequences for the operation of transmission systems are a concern to transmission system operators (TSO). Alas, there is no common method available that comprehensively identifies these feasible security related scenarios and classifies them according to their overall criticality for the safe operation of the ETS. To tackle this challenge, we propose a comprehensive, yet easy-to-apply method to systematically identify and assess the criticality of security threat scenarios. It is conducted in four steps and consists of a matrix based consistency check of threat scenarios in a defined solution space and a convenient semi-quantitative assessment of a risk factor for the ETS. The approach is illustrated by the simplified generic example of an EETS.
	Address	German Aerospace Center; University of Wuppertal; University of Wuppertal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-104	ISBN	2411-3490	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	daniel.lichte@dlr.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2305
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	Author	Deena Disraelly; Laura Itle
	Title	Providing Reliable Assistance Faster: Secure, Modern, Mission-Capable Credentialing to Support Disaster Operations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1140-1143
	Keywords	Credentialing; Disaster Support; Clearance; Suitability; Volunteer
	Abstract	The public sector, including state and local government, public health, and emergency management; the private sector; and the Federal Government jointly face challenges with rapidly collecting and validating credentials for individuals applying for employment or volunteering for emergencies, vetting security clearances, and ascertaining suitability. In 2017, for instance, credentialing gaps delayed employees and volunteers from contributing much-needed skills in disaster areas during one of the worst hurricane and wildfire seasons on record while Federal agencies inadvertently issued interim clearances to individuals with criminal records. We propose a secure, modern, mission-capable information technology solution to these with the United States Postal Service hosting this streamlined process by serving as the hub for collection, validation, and transfer of pertinent data. The solution would introduce access points in over 5,000 communities for citizens participating in disaster support operations, as well as those requiring credentialing for employment as part of day-to-day operations.
	Address	Institute for Defence Analysis, Virginia USA; Institute for Defence Analysis, Virginia USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-103	ISBN	2411-3489	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	ddisrael@ida.org			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2304
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	Author	Frederick Benaben; Lysiane Benaben
	Title	Science Fiction: Past and Future Trends of Crisis Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1130-1139
	Keywords	Information; Decision; Action; Future; Trends; Anticipation; Framework
	Abstract	This paper is a position paper, presenting an original but very anticipative and mainly imaginative vision of the evolution of the crisis management domain. After analyzing the options to make the past evolutions of that domain somehow explainable (mainly by analyzing the data of all the articles of the last fifteen editions of the ISCRAM conference), the paper aims at providing a framework to assess and evaluate the maturity of the domain of crisis management. Moreover, this framework is also used to tentatively infer some future evolutions and some directions that could be relevant, dangerous, tricky or of great benefit for the crisis management domain. These future trends are mainly based on the current maturity of crisis management (according to the proposed framework) and current or future influential practices, technologies or threats. It will be necessary to wait for fifteen years to see if these bets should be considered as accurate.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi; IMT Mines Albi
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-102	ISBN	2411-3488	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	frederick.benaben@mines-albi.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2303
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	Author	Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë; Wenxin Mu
	Title	Towards a Context-Aware Systemic Risk Management Framework for the Crisis Response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1122-1129
	Keywords	Context-Awareness; Risk Analysis; Risk Evaluation; Knowledge Base; Systemic Risk
	Abstract	Crisis response is, as any other collaborative networked organization, challenged by changes and vulnerabilities. Moreover, as a complex system with distributed activities and numerous interdependencies, considering the risk of such an organization at a systemic level, including time and space dimensions, is necessary. Systemic risk management is a topic traditionally studied in the finance area. Even if a few researches now focus on the supply chain management area (a more relatable domain regarding crisis response), there is even fewer literature regarding systemic risk management for the crisis response. Thus, this paper proposes first to define systemic risk related to the case of the crisis response. Then, a framework for context-aware systemic risk management is presented, to support the design as well as the follow-up of the crisis response, meeting one of the challenges of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.
	Address	Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Department of Information Management, Jiao Tong University, Beijing, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-101	ISBN	2411-3487	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	annemarie.barthe@ensiacet.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2302
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	Author	Hanne Haaland; Hege Wallevik; Erika Frydenlund; Jose J. Padilla
	Title	Modelers and Ethnographers as Co-Creators of Knowledge: Do We Belong Together?			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1113-1121
	Keywords	Social Sciences; Modeling; Interdisciplinarity; Citizen-Based Humanitarian Aid; Refugees; Lesvos; Citizen Initiatives for Global Solidarity (CIGS); Prototype Agent-Based Model
	Abstract	In this paper, we explore the process of co-creation of knowledge between modelers and ethnographers through a project focusing on the role played by CIGS (Citizen initiatives for global solidarity) in the refugee crisis in the island of Lesvos, Greece. We describe the process of collaboration and discuss what this type of interdisciplinary collaboration may bring to the development of a research topic when the initial skepticism and questions of epistemological differences have been overcome. Moreover, we address some of the challenges embedded in this type of research collaboration, particularly the skepticism present within the social sciences.
	Address	University of Agder, Norway; University of Agder, Norway; Old Dominion University, US; Old Dominion University, US
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-100	ISBN	2411-3486	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Hanne.haaland@uia.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2301
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	Author	Aurélie Congès; Alexis Evain; Olivier Chabiron; Col. Jacob Graham(USMC, R.); Frédérick Benaben
	Title	Virtual Reality to Train for Crisis Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1100-1112
	Keywords	Virtual reality; Crisis Management; Exercises; Decision-Support System
	Abstract	The EGCERSIS project aims at using virtual reality to improve the efficiency of the crisis management preparation phase. The idea is to tackle the drawbacks of regular crisis management exercises thanks to fully configurable scenarios taking place in digital twins of real critical sites. Virtual exercises will improve, among other things, the frequency, efficiency, and modularity of crisis management preparation, while reducing its costs. In this article, we demonstrate the idea of the project through a simple use-case taking place in a metro station and involving three crisis responders. By linking virtual exercises to our crisis management platform, we also want to demonstrate the usefulness of decision-support systems during a crisis.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi; IMT Mines Albi; Immersive Factory; The Pennsylvania State University; IMT Mines Albi
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-99	ISBN	2411-3485	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	aurelie.conges@mines-albi.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2300
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	Author	Marion Lara Tan; Sara Harrison; Julia S. Becker; Emma E.H. Doyle; Raj Prasanna
	Title	Research Themes on Warnings in Information Systems Crisis Management Literature			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1085-1099
	Keywords	Early Warnings Systems, Literature Review, Ethics, Social Media.
	Abstract	Early Warning Systems (EWS) are crucial to mitigating and reducing disaster impacts. Furthermore, technology and information systems (IS) are key to the success of EWSs. This systematic literature review investigates the research topics and themes from the past six years of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) conference proceedings and seeks to identify the research developments and directions for EWSs to steer a discourse to advance the research in this field. Findings from a sample size of 60 papers show that there are technical, social, and topical considerations to using and advancing technology for EWSs. While technology has advanced EWSs to new levels, it is important to consider the influence of technology in the successful operation of EWSs. The results are based on the ISCRAM proceedings literature and may be broader or have different prioritization if a wider disciplinary body of literature was explored. This will be considered in the future.
	Address	Massey University; Massey University; Massey University; Massey University; Massey University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-98	ISBN	2411-3484	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	M.L.Tan@massey.ac.nz			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2299
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	Author	Giulio Palomba; Alessandro Farasin; Claudio Rossi
	Title	Sentinel-1 Flood Delineation with Supervised Machine Learning			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1072-1083
	Keywords	Floods, Mapping, Deep Learning, Copernicus EMS, Sentinel-1, SAR.
	Abstract	Floods are one of the major natural hazards in terms of affected people and economic damages. The increasing and often uncontrolled urban sprawl together with climate change effects will make future floods more frequent and impacting. An accurate flood mapping is of paramount importance in order to update hazard and risk maps and to plan prevention measures. In this paper, we propose the use of a supervised machine learning approach for flood delineation from satellite data. We train and evaluate the proposed algorithm using Sentinel-1 acquisition and certified flood delineation maps produced by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service across different geographical regions in Europe, achieving increased performances against previously proposed supervised machine learning approaches for flood mapping.
	Address	LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; Politecnico di Torino – DAUIN dept. and LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-97	ISBN	2411-3483	Medium
	Track	Using Artificial Intelligence to exploit Satellite Data in Risk and Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	giulio.palomba@linksfoundation.com			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2298
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	Author	Alessandro Farasin; Luca Colomba; Giulio Palomba; Giovanni Nini
	Title	Supervised Burned Areas Delineation by Means of Sentinel-2 Imagery and Convolutional Neural Networks			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1060-1071
	Keywords	Burned Area Delineation, Sentinel-2, U-Net, CuMedVision1, Convolutional Neural Network, Deep Learning, Supervised Learning, Pixel-wise Segmentation.
	Abstract	Wildfire events are increasingly threatening our lands, cities, and lives. To contrast this phenomenon and to limit its damages, governments around the globe are trying to find proper counter-measures, identifying prevention and monitoring as two key factors to reduce wildfires impact worldwide. In this work, we propose two deep convolutional neural networks to automatically detect and delineate burned areas from satellite acquisitions, assessing their performances at scale using validated maps of burned areas of historical wildfires. We demonstrate that the proposed networks substantially improve the burned area delineation accuracy over conventional methods.
	Address	Politecnico di Torino – DAUIN dept., and LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; Politecnico di Torino – DAUIN dept.; LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-96	ISBN	2411-3482	Medium
	Track	Using Artificial Intelligence to exploit Satellite Data in Risk and Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	alessandro.farasin@polito.it			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2297
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	Author	Anastasia Moumtzidou; Marios Bakratsas; Stelios Andreadis; Anastasios Karakostas; Ilias Gialampoukidis; Stefanos Vrochidis; Ioannis Kompatsiaris
	Title	Flood detection with Sentinel-2 satellite images in crisis management systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1049-1059
	Keywords	Floods, Change Detection, Bi-temporal Analysis, Sentinel-2, Deep Neural Networks.
	Abstract	The increasing amount of falling rain may cause several problems especially in urban areas, which drainage system can often not handle this large amount in a short time. Confirming a flooded scene in a timely manner can help the authorities to take further actions to counter the crisis event or to get prepared for future relevant incidents. This paper studies the detection of flood events comparing two successive in time Sentinel-2 images, a method that can be extended for detecting floods in a time-series. For the flood detection, fine-tuned pre-trained Deep Convolutional Neural Networks are used, testing as input different sets of three water sensitive satellite bands. The proposed approach is evaluated against different change detection baseline methods, based on remote sensing. Experiments showed that the proposed method with the augmentation technique applied, improved significantly the performance of the neural network, resulting to an F-Score of 62% compared to 22% of the traditional remote sensing techniques. The proposed method supports the crisis management authority to better estimate and evaluate the flood impact.
	Address	Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Information Technologies Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-95	ISBN	2411-3481	Medium
	Track	Using Artificial Intelligence to exploit Satellite Data in Risk and Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	moumtzid@iti.gr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2296
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	Author	Harrison Cole
	Title	Accessible Mitigation Planning: Tactile Hazard Map Design and Evaluation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1031-1037
	Keywords	Cartography; Accessibility; Disability; Tactile; Mitigation Planning
	Abstract	While creating a community hazard mitigation plan (HMP) has become recognized as a key component of successful disaster management, significant portions of the process are often inaccessible to people with vision disabilities. Maps in particular are often large, visually dense documents that are printed on two-dimensional paper, or distributed via PDF with no alternate text. For people with profound low vision or who are blind, alternative media is required. The research discussed here proposes that tactile maps may present an accessible and cost-effective medium for representing geospatial data relevant to the hazard mitigation planning process. Using flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs) distributed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as a starting point, this paper proposes an evaluatory framework for transcribing conventional maps into tactile documents, as well as characterizing users' experiences using them for mitigation planning, directions for future research and generalizing the process for applications in other domains.
	Address	The Pennsylvania State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-93	ISBN	2411-3479	Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	harrisoncole@psu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2294
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	Author	Abhish Khanal; Deepak Chand; Prakash Chaudhary; Subash Timilsina; Sanjeeb Prasad Panday; Aman Shakya; Rom Kant Pandey
	Title	Search Disaster Victims using Sound Source Localization			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1022-1030
	Keywords	Sound Source Localization (SSL); Omni-Directional Drive; Disaster Victim; Generalized Cross Correlation Phase Transform (GCC-PHAT)
	Abstract	Sound Source Localization (SSL) are used to estimate the position of sound sources. Various methods have been used for detecting sound and its localization. This paper presents a system for stationary sound source localization by cubical microphone array consisting of eight microphones placed on four vertical adjacent faces which is mounted on three wheel omni-directional drive for the inspection and monitoring of the disaster victims in disaster areas. The proposed method localizes sound source on a 3D space by grid search method using Generalized Cross Correlation Phase Transform (GCC-PHAT) which is robust when operating in real life scenario where there is lack of visibility. The computed azimuth and elevation angle of victimized human voice are fed to embedded omni-directional drive system which navigates the vehicle automatically towards the stationary sound source.
	Address	Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus; Sanothimi Campus, Tribhuvan University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-92	ISBN	2411-3478	Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	072bex402@ioe.edu.np			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2293
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	Author	Pouyan Fotouhi Tehrani; Niklas von Kalckreuth; Selma Lamprecht
	Title	Toward an Integrative Model of Trust for Digital Emergency Communication			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1012-1021
	Keywords	Trust; Emergency Management; Digital Communication; Modeling
	Abstract	Digital technologies have become an integral enabler of communication during various phases of emergency management (EM). A crucial prerequisite of effective communication between authorities and the public during EM is the establishment of adequate mutual trust. Trust, however, is an elusive concept which is not easily translatable into technical settings. In this paper we propose an integrative model of trust in digital communication and show how such model can be advantageous in assessing and improving trust relations in context of EM. Our interdisciplinary model, which is based on findings from psychology, sociology and computer sciences provides an abstraction which not only seizes both subjective and objective as well as personal and non-personal, \eg institutional or cultural, aspects of trust but at the same time is concrete enough to be applicable to real-life scenarios.
	Address	Weizenbaum Institute, Fraunhofer FOKUS; Weizenbaum Institute, Humboldt University Berlin; Weizenbaum Institute, Fraunhofer FOKUS
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-91	ISBN	2411-3477	Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	pouyan.fotouhi.tehrani@fokus.fraunhofer.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2292
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	Author	Jonas Höchst; Lars Baumgartner; Franz Kuntke; Alvar Penning; Artur Sterz; Bernd Freisleben
	Title	LoRa-based Device-to-Device Smartphone Communication for Crisis Scenarios			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	996-1011
	Keywords	LoRa, Disaster Communication, Device-To-Device Communication.
	Abstract	In this paper, we present an approach to facilitate long-range device-to-device communication via smartphones in crisis scenarios. Through a custom firmware for low-cost LoRa capable micro-controller boards, called rf95modem, common devices for end users can be enabled to use LoRa through a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or serial connection. We present two applications utilizing the flexibility provided by the proposed firmware. First, we introduce a novel device-to-device LoRa chat application that works a) on the two major mobile platforms Android and iOS and b) on traditional computers like notebooks using a console-based interface. Second, we demonstrate how other infrastructure-less technology can benefit from our approach by integrating it into the DTN7 delay-tolerant networking software. The firmware, the device-to-device chat application, the integration into DTN7, as well as the experimental evaluation code fragments are available under permissive open-source licenses.
	Address	University of Marbur, Germany Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany; Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany; Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany; University of Marburg, Germany; University of Marburg, Germany Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany; University of Marburg, Germany Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-90	ISBN	2411-3476	Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	hoechst@informatik.uni-marburg.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2291
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	Author	Henry Agsten
	Title	Effects of Smartphone-Based Alerting on Reducing Arrival Times for Volunteer Fire Departments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	990-994
	Keywords	Volunteer Fire Departments; Time Reduction; Inefficiencies; Smartphone Application
	Abstract	This practitioner paper describes the efforts of a volunteer fire department in Germany to reduce the time to arrive at a place of emergency. It presents the former situation, identifies reasons for delays and highlights the volunteers' first years in utilizing an existing smartphone application for alert and response as a mean to optimize their times of arrival. The paper finally evaluates the effects of the application's usage.
	Address	Alarm Dispatcher Systems GmbH,Dresden, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-89	ISBN	2411-3475	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	ha@alarm-dispatcher.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2290
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	Author	Spyros Chrysanthopoulos; Theofanis Kapetanakis; Giannis Chaidemenos; Stelios Vernardos; Harris Georgiou; Claudio Rossi
	Title	Emergency Response in Recent Urban/Suburban Disaster Events in Attica: Technology Gaps, Limitations and Lessons Learned			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	984-989
	Keywords	First Responders, Search and Rescue, Flash Flood, Urban Wildfire, Urban Operations.
	Abstract	Emergency response operations in large-scale urban/suburban disaster events is often addressed by the standard protocols and international guidelines for collapsed buildings, heavy debris, etc. However, a wide range of First Responder (FR) operations need to address various other contexts, work environments and hazards. In this paper, two real disaster events are explored as use cases for such urban/suburban FR operations, namely a flash flood and a wildfire, both in Attica, Greece (2017-2018). Based on our team's experience from these mobilizations and active participation in both these events as FR actor in the field, we present the challenges, the complexity of such multi-aspect disaster events, the limitations of emergency response, the technology gaps of the FR teams, as well as the lessons learned during these deployments. Finally, we make some notes on future prospects and possible advancements in tools and technologies that would greatly enhance the operational safety and readiness of the FR teams in such events.
	Address	Hellenic Rescue Team of Attica (HRTA); Hellenic Rescue Team of Attica (HRTA); Hellenic Rescue Team of Attica (HRTA); Hellenic Rescue Team of Attica (HRTA); Hellenic Rescue Team of Attica (HRTA); LINKS Foundation
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-88	ISBN	2411-3474	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	harris@xgeorgio.info			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2289
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	Author	Ryan K. Williams; Nicole Abaid; James McClure; Nathan Lau; Larkin Heintzman; Amanda Hashimoto; Tianzi Wang; Chinmaya Patnayak; Akshay Kumar
	Title	Collaborative Multi-Robot Multi-Human Teams in Search and Rescue			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	973-983
	Keywords	Search \& Rescue; Autonomy; Lost-Person Modeling; GIS; Visualization
	Abstract	Robots such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) deployed for search and rescue (SAR) can explore areas where human searchers cannot easily go and gather information on scales that can transform SAR strategy. Multi-UAV teams therefore have the potential to transform SAR by augmenting the capabilities of human teams and providing information that would otherwise be inaccessible. Our research aims to develop new theory and technologies for field deploying autonomous UAVs and managing multi-UAV teams working in concert with multi-human teams for SAR. Specifically, in this paper we summarize our work in progress towards these goals, including: (1) a multi-UAV search path planner that adapts to human behavior; (2) an in-field distributed computing prototype that supports multi-UAV computation and communication; (3) behavioral modeling that yields spatially localized predictions of lost person location; and (4) an interface between human searchers and UAVs that facilitates human-UAV interaction over a wide range of autonomy.
	Address	Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-87	ISBN	2411-3473	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	rywilli1@vt.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2288
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	Author	Michael Holzhüter; Ulrich Meissen
	Title	A Decentralized Reference Architecture for Interconnected Systems in Emergency Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	961-972
	Keywords	Civil Protection; Emergency Management; Interoperability; Interconnected Collaboration; Resilient Architecture
	Abstract	Optimal communication and information exchange are key elements for handling complex crises or disaster situations. With the increasing number of heterogeneous ICT systems, also raises the importance of adequate support for interconnectivity and information logistics between stakeholders to thoroughly gather information and to make quick but precise decisions. The main purpose of the information exchange is then to manage the crisis as quickly as possible, to provide full information to protect first responders' health and safety, to optimally dispatch resources, and to ensure coordination between different relief forces. Based on an end user survey with a particular focus on first responders, this paper introduces an evolutionary architecture to enable information exchange in crises situation or disasters. The aim is to provide a decentralized approach among heterogeneous ICT-systems which abstracts from the underlying communication technologies and heterogeneity of connected systems and fulfills the functional and non-functional requirements from end users.
	Address	Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin; Fraunhofer-Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme; Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin; Fraunhofer-Institut für Offene Kommunikationssysteme
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-86	ISBN	2411-3472	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	michael.holzhueter@fokus.fraunhofer.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2287
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	Author	Tobias Andersson Granberg; Carl-Oscar Jonson; Erik Prytz; Krisjanis Steins; Martin Waldemarsson
	Title	Sensor Requirements for Logistics Analysis of Emergency Incident Sites			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	952-960
	Keywords	Sensors; Emergency Response Planning; Tracking; Team Interaction
	Abstract	Using sensors to collect data at emergency incident sites can facilitate analysis of the logistic operations. This can be used to improve planning and preparedness for new operations. Furthermore, real-time information from the sensors can serve as operational decision support. In this work in progress, we investigate the requirements on the sensors, and on the sensor data, to facilitate such an analysis. Through observations of exercises, the potential of using sensors for data collection is explored, and the requirements are considered. The results show that the potential benefits are significant, especially for tracking patients, and understanding the interaction between the response actors. However, the sensors need to be quite advanced in order to capture the necessary data.
	Address	Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology; Linköping University, Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science; Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology; Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-85	ISBN	2411-3471	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	tobias.andersson.granberg@liu.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2286
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	Author	Konstantinos Konstantoudakis; Georgios Albanis; Emmanouil Christakis; Nikolaos Zioulis; Anastasios Dimou; Dimitrios Zarpalas; Petros Daras
	Title	Single-Handed Gesture UAV Control for First Responders – A Usability and Performance User Study			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	937-951
	Keywords	First Responders; UAV; Gesture Recognition; User Study
	Abstract	Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have increased in popularity in recent years and are now involved in many activities, professional and otherwise. First responders, those teams and individuals who are the first to respond in crisis situations, have been using UAVs to assist them in locating victims and identifying hazards without endangering human personnel needlessly. However, professional UAV controllers tend to be heavy and cumbersome, requiring both hands to operate. First responders, on the other hand, often need to carry other important equipment and need to keep their hands free during a mission. This work considers enabling first responders to control UAVs with single-handed gestures, freeing their other hand and reducing their encumbrance. Two sets of gesture UAV controls are presented and implemented in a simulated environment, and a two-part user study is conducted: the first part assesses the comfort of each gesture and their intuitive association with basic flight control concepts; and the second evaluates two different modes of gesture control in a population of users including both genders, and first responders as well as members of the general populace. The results, consisting of both objective and subjective measurements, are discussed, hindrances and problems are identified, and directions of future work and research are mapped out.
	Address	Visual Computing Lab (VCL), Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece; Visual Computing Lab (VCL), Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece;Visual Computing Lab (VCL), Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece;Visual Computing Lab (VCL), Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece;Visual Computing Lab (VCL), Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece;Visual Computing Lab (VCL), Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece;Visual Computing Lab (VCL), Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology – Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-84	ISBN	2411-3470	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	k.konstantoudakis@iti.gr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2285
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	Author	Debora Robles Perez; Manuel Esteve Domingo; Israel Perez Llopis; Federico J. Carvajal Rodrigo
	Title	System and Architecture of an Adapted Situation Awareness Tool for First Responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	928-936
	Keywords	Critical Infrastructure Protection; First Responder; Command and Control; Autonomous Vehicles; Resilience
	Abstract	First responders (FRs) in Europe are currently facing large natural and man-made disasters (e.g. wild fire, terrorist attacks, industrial incidents, big floods, gas leaks etc.), that put their own lives and those of thousands of others at risk. Adapted situation awareneSS tools and taIlored training curricula for increaSing capabiliTies and enhANcing the proteCtion of first respondErs (ASSISTANCE) is an ongoing European H2020 project which main objective is to increase FRs Situation Awareness (SA) for helping and protecting different kinds of FRs' organizations that work together in large scale disasters mitigation. ASSISTANCE will enhance the SA of the FRs organisations during their mitigation activities through the integration of new paradigms, tools and technologies (e.g. drones/robots equipped with a range of sensors, robust communications capabilities, etc.) with the main objective of increasing both their protection and their efficiency.
	Address	Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-83	ISBN	2411-3469	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	derobpe@upvnet.upv.es			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2284
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	Author	Benjamin Barth; Govinda Chaithanya Kabbinahithilu; Alexandros Bartzas; Spyros Pantazis; Tomaso deCola
	Title	A Content Oriented Information Sharing System for Disaster Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	922-927
	Keywords	Information Sharing, Preparation, Response, Content Oriented.
	Abstract	In response to natural and man-made hazards multiple organisations usually are involved in a very complex situation. On the other hand, extreme weather situations due to the climate change create hazards in areas which were considered safe before. In order to improve the capabilities of involved organisations in responding and preparing for disaster events, the availability of an efficient information sharing approach is a key enabler. To this end, we propose a communication system based on a content oriented architecture tailored to disaster management. It includes a catalogue that is offering web services for publishing and subscribing of disaster information and for further collaboration amongst agencies and first responders. Moreover, the considered approach also allows for full content access control and enables a flexible system. The paper shows the current status of the system design. Next steps will include the implementation and evaluation of the approach.
	Address	German Aerospace Center (DLR); German Aerospace Center (DLR); Space Hellas S.A.; Space Hellas S.A.; German Aerospace Center (DLR)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-82	ISBN	2411-3468	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Benjamin.Barth@dlr.de			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2283
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	Author	Edward J. Glantz; Frank E. Ritter; Don Gilbreath; Sarah J. Stager; Alexandra Anton; Rahul Emani
	Title	UAV Use in Disaster Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	914-921
	Keywords	Disaster Response, Emergency Management, Drone, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
	Abstract	Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provide multiple opportunities to first responders and disaster managers, especially as they continue to improve in affordability as well as capabilities. This paper provides a brief review of how UAV capabilities have been used in disaster management, examples of current use within disaster management, as well as adoption considerations. Example disaster domains include fires, tornadoes, flooding, building and dam collapses, crowd monitoring, search and rescue, and post disaster monitoring of critical infrastructures. This review can increase awareness and issues when considering UAVs by those challenged with the management of crisis and disaster events.
	Address	The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-81	ISBN	2411-3467	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	edward.glantz@psu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2282
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