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Author Sofia Eleni Spatharioti; Rebecca Govoni; Jennifer S. Carrera; Sara Wylie; Seth Cooper pdf  openurl
  Title A Required Work Payment Scheme for Crowdsourced Disaster Response: Worker Performance and Motivations Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Iformation Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 475-488  
  Keywords crowdsourcing; Amazon Mechanical Turk; payment; motivation; required work  
  Abstract Crowdsourcing is an increasingly popular approach for processing data in response to disasters. While volunteer crowdsourcing may suÿce for high-profile disasters, paid crowdsourcing may be necessary to recruit workers for less prominent events. Thus, understanding the impact of payment schemes on worker behavior and motivation may improve outcomes. In this work, we presented workers recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk with a disaster response task in which they could provide a variable number of image ratings. We paid workers a fixed amount to provide a minimum number of image ratings, allowing them to voluntarily provide more if desired; this allowed us to examine the impact of dierent amounts of required work. We found that requiring no ratings resulted in workers voluntary completing more work, and being more likely to indicate motivation related to interest on a post survey, than when small numbers of ratings were required. This is consistent with the motivational crowding-out eect, even in paid crowdsourcing. We additionally found that providing feedback on progress positively impacted the amount of work done.  
  Address Northeastern University; Michigan State University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2036  
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Author Sofia Eleni Spatharioti; Seth Cooper pdf  openurl
  Title On Variety, Complexity, and Engagement in Crowdsourced Disaster Response Tasks Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 489-498  
  Keywords crowdsourcing; Amazon Mechanical Turk; variety; complexity; engagement  
  Abstract Crowdsourcing is used to enlist workers as a resource for a variety of applications, including disaster response. However, simple tasks such as image labeling often feel monotonous and lead to worker disengagement. This provides a challenge for designing successful crowdsourcing systems. Existing research in the design of work indicates that task variety is a key factor in worker motivation. Therefore, we asked Amazon Mechanical Turk workers to complete a series of disaster response related subtasks, consisting of either image labeling or locating photographed areas on a map. We varied the frequency at which workers encountered the dierent subtask types, and found that switching subtask type at dierent frequencies impacted measures of worker engagement. This indicates that a certain amount of variety in subtasks may engage crowdsourcing workers better than uniform subtask types.  
  Address Northeastern University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2037  
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Author Dat T. Nguyen; Firoj Alam; Ferda Ofli; Muhammad Imran pdf  openurl
  Title Automatic Image Filtering on Social Networks Using Deep Learning and Perceptual Hashing During Crises Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 499-511  
  Keywords social media; image processing; supervised classification; disaster management  
  Abstract The extensive use of social media platforms, especially during disasters, creates unique opportunities for humanitarian organizations to gain situational awareness and launch relief operations accordingly. In addition to the textual content, people post overwhelming amounts of imagery data on social networks within minutes of a disaster hit. Studies point to the importance of this online imagery content for emergency response. Despite recent advances in the computer vision field, automatic processing of the crisis-related social media imagery data remains a challenging task. It is because a majority of which consists of redundant and irrelevant content. In this paper, we present an image processing pipeline that comprises de-duplication and relevancy filtering mechanisms to collect and filter social media image content in real-time during a crisis event. Results obtained from extensive experiments on real-world crisis datasets demonstrate the significance of the proposed pipeline for optimal utilization of both human and machine computing resources.  
  Address Qatar Computing Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha, Qatar  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2038  
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Author Francesca Comunello; Simone Mulargia pdf  openurl
  Title A #cultural_change is needed. Social media use in emergency communication by Italian local level institutions Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 512-521  
  Keywords Social media; local level; emergency communication; barriers  
  Abstract We discuss the results of a research project aimed at exploring the use of social media in emergency communication by officers operating at a local level. We performed 16 semi-structured interviews with national level expert informants, and with officers operating at the municipality and province (prefectures) level in an Italian region (respondents were selected based on their involvement in emergency communication and/or emergency management processes). Social media usage appears distributed over a continuum of engagement, ranging from very basic usage to using social media by adopting a broadcasting approach, to deeper engagement, which also includes continuous interaction with citizens. Two main attitudes emerge both in the narrative style and in social media representations: some respondents seem to adopt an institutional attitude, while others adopt a practical-professional attitude. Among the main barriers to a broader adoption of social media, cultural considerations seem to prevail, along with the lack of personnel, a general concern toward social media communication reliability, and the perceived distance between the formal role of institutions and the informal nature of social media communication.  
  Address LUMSA University, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Italy  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2039  
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Author Laura Petersen; Laure Fallou; Paul Reilly; Elisa Serafinelli pdf  openurl
  Title Public expectations of social media use by critical infrastructure operators in crisis communication Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 522-531  
  Keywords Social media; traditional media; crisis communication; critical infrastructure operators; public expectations  
  Abstract Previous research into the role of social media in crisis communication has tended to focus on how sites such as Twitter are used by emergency managers rather than other key stakeholders, such as critical infrastructure (CI) operators. This paper adds to this emergent field by empirically investigating public expectations of informatio provided by CI operators during crisis situations. It does so by drawing on key themes that emerged from a review of the literature on public expectations of disaster related information shared via social media, and presenting the results of an online questionnaire-based study of disaster-vulnerable communities in France, Norway, Portugal and Sweden. Results indicate that members of the public expect CI operators to provide disaster related information via traditional and social media and to respond to their queries on social media. CI operators should avail of the opportunities provided by social media to provide real-time information to disaster affected communities.  
  Address European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC); University of Sheffield  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2040  
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Author Lívia Castro Degrossi; João Porto de Albuquerque; Roberto dos Santos Rocha; Alexander Zipf pdf  openurl
  Title A Framework of Quality Assessment Methods for Crowdsourced Geographic Information: a Systematic Literature Review Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 532-545  
  Keywords Volunteered Geographic Information; VGI; Crowdsourced Geographic Information; Quality Assessment; Systematic Literature Review  
  Abstract Crowdsourced Geographic Information (CGI) has emerged as a potential source of geographic information in different application domains. Despite the advantages associated with it, this information lacks quality assurance, since it is provided by different people. Therefore, several authors have started investigating different methods to assess the quality of CGI. Some of the existing methods have been summarized in different classification scheme. However, there is not an overview of the methods employed to assess the quality of CGI in the absence of authoritative data. On the basis of a systematic literature review, we found 13 methods that can be employed to this end.  
  Address Department of Computer Systems University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil; Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; GIScience Research Group, Heidelberg University, Germany  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2041  
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Author Tom Wilson; Stephanie A. Stanek; Emma S. Spiro; Kate Starbird pdf  openurl
  Title Language Limitations in Rumor Research? Comparing French and English Tweets Sent During the 2015 Paris Attacks Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 546-553  
  Keywords social media; rumoring, language; crisis informatics; information diffusion  
  Abstract The ubiquity of social media facilitates widespread participation in crises. As individuals converge online to understand a developing situation, rumors can emerge. Little is currently known about how online rumoring behavior varies by language. Exploring a rumor from the 2015 Paris Attacks, we investigate Twitter rumoring behaviors across two languages: French, the primary language of the affected population; and English, the dominant language of Internet communication. We utilize mixed methods to qualitatively code and quantitatively analyze rumoring behaviors across French and English language tweets. Most interestingly, temporal engagement in the rumor varies across languages, but proportions of tweets affirming and denying a rumor are very similar. Analyzing tweet deletions and retweet counts, we find slight (but not significant) differences between languages. This work offers insight into potential limitations of previous research of online rumoring, which often focused exclusively on English language content, and demonstrates the importance of considering language in future work.  
  Address Human Centered Design and Engineering, University of Washington ; Information School, Department of Sociology, University of Washington  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2042  
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Author Mohammed Benali, A.R.G. pdf  openurl
  Title Towards a Crowdsourcing-based Approach to enhance Decision Making in Collaborative Crisis Management Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 554-563  
  Keywords Crisis management; decision making; crowdsourcing; SBPMN  
  Abstract Managing crises is considered as one of the most complicated organizational and managerial task. Indeed, dealing with such situations calls for many groups from different institutions and organizations to interact and collaborate their efforts in a timely manner to reduce their effects. However, response organizations are challenged by several problems. The urgent need of a shared and mutual situational awareness, information and knowledge about the situation are distributed across time and space and owned by both organizations and people. Additionally, decisions and actions have to be achieved promptly, under stress and time pressure. The contribution outlined in this paper is suggesting a crowdsourcing-based approach for decision making in collaborative crisis management based on the literature requirements. The objective of the approach is to support situational awareness and enhance the decision making process by involving citizens in providing opinions and evaluations of potential response actions.  
  Address Laboratoire de Méthodes de Conception des Systèmes, Ecole nationale Supérieure d'Informatique, Alger, Algérie  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2043  
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Author Samuel Lee Toepke pdf  openurl
  Title Temporal Sampling Implications for Crowd Sourced Population Estimations from Social Media Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 564-571  
  Keywords Population estimation; emergency response; temporal sampling; volunteered geospatial information; data mining  
  Abstract Understanding the movements of a population throughout the 24-hour day is critical when directing disaster response in an urban area. An emergency situation can develop rapidly, and understanding the expected locations of groups of people is required for the success of first responders. Recent advances in modern consumer technologies have facilitated the generation, sharing and mining of an extensive amount of volunteered geographic information. Users leverage inexpensive smart devices, pervasive Internet connections and social media services to provide data about geospatial locations. Using an enterprise system, it is possible to aggregate this freely available, geospatially enabled data and create a population estimation with high spatiotemporal resolution, via a heat map. This investigation explores the effects of different temporal sampling periods when creating such estimations. Time periods are selected, estimations are generated for several large urban areas in the western United States, and comparisons of the results are shown/discussed.  
  Address Private Engineering Firm  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2044  
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Author Mahshid Marbouti; Irene Mayor; Dianna Yim; Frank Maurer pdf  openurl
  Title Social Media Analyst Responding Tool: A Visual Analytics Prototype to Identify Relevant Tweets in Emergency Events Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 572-582  
  Keywords Situation Awareness; Social Media; Emergency Management  
  Abstract Public and humanitarian organizations monitor social media to extract useful information during emergencies. In this paper, we propose a new method for identifying situation awareness (SA) tweets for emergencies. We take a human centered design approach to developing a visual analytics prototype, SMA-RT (“Social Media Analyst Responding Tool”), informed by social media analysts and emergency practitioners. Our design offers insights into the main requirements of social media monitoring tools used for emergency purposes. It also highlights the role that human and technology can play together in such solutions. We embed a machine learning classifier to identify SA tweets in a visual interactive tool. Our classifier aggregates textual, social, location, and tone based features to increase precision and recall of SA tweets.  
  Address University of Calgary  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2045  
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Author Christian Reuter; Marc-André Kaufhold; René Steinfort pdf  openurl
  Title Rumors, Fake News and Social Bots in Conflicts and Emergencies: Towards a Model for Believability in Social Media Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 583-591  
  Keywords Social media; believability; measurement  
  Abstract The use of social media is gaining more and more in importance in ordinary life, but also in conflicts and emer-gencies. The social big data, generated by users, is partially also used as a source for situation assessment, e.g. to receive pictures or to assess the general mood. However, the information's believability is hard to control and can deceive. Rumors, fake news and social bots are phenomenons that challenge the easy consumption of social media. To address this, our paper explores the believability of content in social media. Based on foundations of infor-mation quality we conducted a literature study to derive a three-level model for assessing believability. It summa-rizes existing assessment approaches, assessment criteria and related measures. On this basis, we describe several steps towards the development of an assessment approach that works across different types of social media.  
  Address University of Siegen, Institute for Information Systems  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2046  
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Author Hristo Tanev; Vanni Zavarella; Josef Steinberger pdf  openurl
  Title Monitoring disaster impact: detecting micro-events and eyewitness reports in mainstream and social media Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 592-602  
  Keywords Natural language processing; machine learning; crisis computing; disaster effects; social media  
  Abstract This paper approaches the problem of monitoring the impact of the disasters by mining web sources for the events, caused by these disasters. We refer to these disaster effects as “micro-events”. Micro-events typically following a large disaster include casualties, damage on infrastructures, vehicles, services and resource supply, as well as relief operations. We present natural language grammar learning algorithms which form the basis for building micro-event detection systems from data, with no or minor human intervention, and we show how they can be applied to mainstream news and social media for monitoring disaster impact. We also experimented with applying statistical classifiers to distill, from social media situational updates on disasters, eyewitness reports from directly affected people. Finally, we describe a Twitter mining robot, which integrates some of these monitoring techniques and is intended to serve as a multilingual content hub for enhancing situational awareness.  
  Address European Commission Joint Research Centre; University of West Bohemia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2047  
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Author Marc-André Kaufhold; Christian Reuter pdf  openurl
  Title The Impact of Social Media for Emergency Services: A Case Study with the Fire Department Frankfurt Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 603-612  
  Keywords Social media; emergency services; facilitators and obstacles; comparative case studies  
  Abstract The use of social media is not only part of everyday life but also of crises and emergencies. Many studies focus on the concrete use of social media during a specific emergency, but the prevalence of social media, data access and published research studies allows the examination in a broader and more integrated manner. This work-in-progress paper presents the results of a case study with the Fire Department Frankfurt, which is one of the biggest and most modern fire departments in Germany. The findings relate to social media technologies, organizational structure and roles, information validation, staff skills and resources, and the importance of volunteer communities. In the next step, the results will be integrated into the frame of a comparative case study with the overall aim of examining the impact of social media on how emergency services respond and react in an emergency.  
  Address University of Siegen, Institute for Information Systems  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2048  
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Author Stephen Kelly; Xiubo Zhang; Khurshid Ahmad pdf  openurl
  Title Mining Multimodal Information on Social Media for Increased Situational Awareness Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 613-622  
  Keywords Spatio-temporal; Social media analysis; Multimodal analysis; Geolocation  
  Abstract Social media platforms have become a source of high volume, real-time information describing significant events in a timely fashion. In this paper we describe a system for the real-time extraction of information from text and image content in Twitter messages and combine the spatio-temporal metadata of the messages to filter the data stream for emergency events and visualize the output on an interactive map. Twitter messages for a geographic region are monitored for flooding events by analysing the text content and images posted. Events detected are compared with a ground truth to see if information in social media correlates with actual events. We propose an Intrusion Index as part of this prototype to facilitate ethical harvesting of data. A map layer is created by the prototype system that visualises the analysis and filtered Twitter messages by geolocation.  
  Address rinity College Dublin, Ireland  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2049  
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Author Claire Laudy pdf  openurl
  Title Rumors detection on Social Media during Crisis Management Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 623-632  
  Keywords Semantic information fusion; Uncertainty management; Ontology; Graph matching; conflict detection; rumors detection  
  Abstract Social Media monitoring has become a major issue in crisis and emergencies management. Indeed, social media may ease the sharing of information between citizens and Public Safety Organizations, but it also enables the rapid spreading of inaccurate information. As information is now provided and shared by anyone to anyone, information credibility is a major issue. We propose an approach to detect rumor in social media. This paper describes our work on semantic graph based information fusion, enhanced with uncertainty management capabilities. The uncertainty management capability enables managing the dierent level of credibility of actors of an emergency (dierent PSO oÿcers and citizens). Functions for information synthesis, conflicting information detection and information evaluation were developed and test during experimentation campaigns. The synthesis and conflicting information detection functionalities are very welcome by end-users. However, the uncertainty management is a combinatorial approach which remains a limitation for use with large amount of information.  
  Address Thales Research & Techology  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2050  
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Author Briony Gray; Mark J. Weal; David Martin pdf  openurl
  Title Social Media during a Sustained Period of Crisis: The Case of the UK Storms Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 633-644  
  Keywords Social media; disaster management; conceptual framework; emergency coordination; information overload  
  Abstract This paper analyses the social media communications surrounding the 2015 – 2016 series of winter storms in the UK. Three storms were selected for analysis over a sustained period of time; these were storms Desmond, Eva and Frank which made landfall within quick succession of one another. In this case study we examine communications relating to multiple hazards which include flooding, evacuation and weather warnings using mainstream media content such as news stories, and online content such as Twitter data. Using a mixed method approach of content analysis combined with the application of a conceptual framework, we present (i.) the network of emergency responders managing events, (ii.) an analysis of crisis communications over time, and (iii.) highlight the barriers posed to effective social media communications during multi-hazard disasters. We conclude by assessing how these barriers may be lessened during prolonged periods of crisis.  
  Address University of Southampton  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2051  
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Author Andrés Moreno; Philip Garrison; Karthik Bhat pdf  openurl
  Title WhatsApp for Monitoring and Response during Critical Events: Aggie in the Ghana 2016 Election Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 645-655  
  Keywords social media analysis; election monitoring; crisis prevention; WhatsApp; Ghana; mobile instant messaging  
  Abstract Mobile Instant Messaging platforms like WhatsApp are becoming increasingly popular. They have expanded access to digital text, audio, picture, and video messaging. Integrating them into existing crisis monitoring and response platforms and workflows can help reach a wider population. This paper describes a first attempt to integrate WhatsApp into Aggie, a social media aggregating and monitoring platform. We report on the deployment of this integration during Ghana's 2016 election, along with Twitter, Facebook, and RSS. The WhatsApp messages collected by Aggie during the election improved the eectiveness of the monitoring eorts. Thanks to these messages, more incidents were found and escalated to the Electoral Commission and security forces. From interviews with people involved in monitoring and response, we found that the WhatsApp integration helped their coordination and monitoring activities.  
  Address United Nations University Institute for Computing and Society  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2052  
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Author Neda Mohammadi; John E. Taylor; Ryan Pollyea pdf  openurl
  Title Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Public Response to Human-Induced Seismic Perturbations Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 666-672  
  Keywords Crisis informatics; human-induced earthquake; social media networks; spatiotemporal; far-field effect  
  Abstract There is general consensus that subsurface wastewater injections associated with unconventional oil and gas operations are responsible for the rapid increase of earthquake activity in the mid-U.S. Understanding the public response to these earthquakes is crucial for policy decisions that govern developing situational awareness and addressing perceived risks. However, we lack sufficient information on the reactive and recovery response behavior of the public tending to occur in the spatiotemporal vicinity of these events. Here, we review the spatiotemporal distribution of public response to the September 3, 2016, M5.8 earthquake in Pawnee, Oklahoma, USA, via a social media network (Twitter). Our findings highlight a statistically significant correlation between the spatial and temporal distribution of public response; and suggest the possible presence of a spatial distance decay, as well as a temporal far-field eect. Understanding the underlying structure of these correlations is fundamental to establishing deliberate policy decisions and targeted response actions.  
  Address Georgia Tech; Virginia Tech  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2054  
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Author Michael Aupetit; Muhammad Imran pdf  openurl
  Title Interactive Monitoring of Critical Situational Information on Social Media Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 673-683  
  Keywords Social media; disaster management; information visualization  
  Abstract According to many existing studies, the data available on social media platforms such as Twitter at the onset of a crisis situation could be useful for disaster response and management. However, making sense of this huge data coming at high-rate is still a challenging task for crisis managers. In this work, we present an interactive social media monitoring tool that uses a supervised classification engine and natural language processing techniques to provide a detailed view of an on-going situation. The tool allows users to apply various filtering options using interactive timelines, critical entities, and other logical operators to get quick access to situational information. The evaluation of the tool conducted with crisis managers shows its significance for situational awareness and other crisis management related tasks.  
  Address Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU Doha, Qatar  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2055  
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Author Zoha Sheikh; Hira Masood; Sharifullah Khan; Muhammad Imran pdf  openurl
  Title User-Assisted Information Extraction from Twitter During Emergencies Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 684-691  
  Keywords social media; disaster response; query expansion; supervised learning  
  Abstract Disasters and emergencies bring uncertain situations. People involved in such situations look for quick answers to their rapid queries. Moreover, humanitarian organizations look for situational awareness information to launch relief operations. Existing studies show the usefulness of social media content during crisis situations. However, despite advances in information retrieval and text processing techniques, access to relevant information on Twitter is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to provide timely access to the relevant information on Twitter. Specifically, we employee Word2vec embeddings to expand initial users queries and based on a relevance feedback mechanism we retrieve relevant messages on Twitter in real-time. Initial experiments and user studies performed using a real world disaster dataset show the significance of the proposed approach.  
  Address National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Qatar Computing Research Institute, HBKU Doha, Qatar  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2056  
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Author Hongmin Li; Doina Caragea; Cornelia Caragea pdf  openurl
  Title Towards Practical Usage of a Domain Adaptation Algorithm in the Early Hours of a Disaster Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 692-704  
  Keywords Twitter; Domain adaptation; Disaster; Classification  
  Abstract Many machine learning techniques have been proposed to reduce the information overload in social media data during an emergency situation. Among such techniques, domain adaptation approaches present greater potential as compared to supervised algorithms because they don't require labeled data from the current disaster for training. However, the use of domain adaptation approaches in practice is sporadic at best. One reason is that domain adaptation algorithms have parameters that need to be tuned using labeled data from the target disaster, which is presumably not available. To address this limitation, we perform a study on one domain adaptation approach with the goal of understanding how much source data is needed to obtain good performance in a practical situation, and what parameter values of the approach give overall good performance. The results of our study provide useful insights into the practical application of domain adaptation algorithms in real crisis situations.  
  Address Kansas State University; University of North Texas  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2057  
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Author Kathleen Moore pdf  openurl
  Title The Tweet Before the Storm: Assessing Risk Communicator Social Media Engagement During the Prodromal Phase – A Work in Progress Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 705-714  
  Keywords Risk communication; crisis response; social media; Twitter  
  Abstract Social media during the prodromal phase of the crisis lifecycle is critically understudied in the academic literature, as is the understanding of the role of engagement in these mediums by crisis responders and managers in helping the public prepare for a crisis event. This study analyzed 2.8 million tweets captured prior to the landfall of Hurricane Sandy. Risk communicators were identified and their tweets assessed for characteristics in the strategic use of Twitter and their levels of engagement with the general public. This work in progress provides a foundation for a longitudinal studyanalyzing future crisis events and measuring the growth of expertise and engagement in social media by crisis communicators.  
  Address College of Integrated Sciences and Technology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2058  
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Author Femke Mulder; Kees Boersma pdf  openurl
  Title Linking up the last mile: how humanitarian power relations shape community e-resilience Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 715-725  
  Keywords Power relations; e-resilience; humanitarian disaster; social capital; Nepal  
  Abstract In this paper we present a qualitative, social network based, power analysis of relief and recovery efforts in the aftermath of the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal. We examine how the interplay between humanitarian power relations and e-resilience influenced communities' ability to respond to the destruction brought about by the disaster. We focus in particular on how power dynamics affect online spaces and interactions at the hyper local level (or 'the last mile'). We explain how civic technology initiatives are affected by these power relationships and show how their efforts may reinforce social inequalities – or be sidelined – if power dynamics are not taken into consideration. However, on the basis of a case study based power analysis, we show that when civic technology initiatives do strategically engage with these dynamics, they have the potential to alter harmful power relations that limit community e-resilience.  
  Address Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2059  
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Author Ryo Otaka; Osamu Uchida; Keisuke Utsu pdf  openurl
  Title Prototype of Notification and Status Monitoring System Using LINE Smartphone Application to Support Local Communities Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. Abbreviated Journal Iscram Ap 2018  
  Volume Issue Pages 450-458  
  Keywords Care, Application, Social media  
  Abstract Japanese society is aging rapidly, so an increasing number of households currently consists of only elderly single people or couples. We propose a system that uses LINE (a mobile communication application) for sending notices containing information from local governments to elderly or physically disabled people, as well as for efficient monitoring by local governments and social workers of the health conditions and statuses of such people. Our system can be used by anyone who has a smartphone with LINE installed. We have also conducted an operational test of a prototype of our system.  
  Address Tokai University; Tokai University; Tokai University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Massey Univeristy Place of Publication Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Editor Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media and Community Engagement Supporting Resilience Building Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1659  
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Author Shuji Nishikawa; Osamu Uchida; Keisuke Utsu pdf  openurl
  Title Introduction of a Tracking Map to a Web Application for Location Recording and Rescue Request Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. Abbreviated Journal Iscram Ap 2018  
  Volume Issue Pages 459-468  
  Keywords Location information, Rescue request, Disaster  
  Abstract We developed a web application for location recording and rescue request using Twitter (T-Pl@ce). This application helps supported users (e.g., older adults, persons with disabilities, and children) who require support to share their location coordinates via Twitter. Supporting users (e.g., families, relatives, or neighbors) of the supported user can then check the location coordinates of the supported user when required. When the supported user needs to be rescued, he/she can post a rescue request on Twitter by pressing the “Rescue request” button on the application. In this study, we introduce the e-mail notification function to reliably notify a rescue request to the system administrator. In addition, to track the location of the supported user, we introduce a location tracking function. Then, the administrator, the emergency assistance employees (e.g., rescue experts or social workers), or the supporting user can refer to the request and the location tracking page and execute the support and rescue activities.  
  Address Tokai University; Tokai University; Tokai University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Massey Univeristy Place of Publication Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Editor Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN (up) Medium  
  Track Social Media and Community Engagement Supporting Resilience Building Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1660  
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