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Author (up) Amanda Hughes; Keri Stephens; Steve Peterson; Hemant Purohit; Anastazja G. Harris; Yasas Senarath; S. Ashley Jarvis; Carolyn E. Montagnolo; Karim Nader pdf  isbn
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  Title Human-AI Teaming for COVID-19 Response: A Practice & Research Collaboration Case Study Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2022  
  Volume Issue Pages 1048-1057  
  Keywords Research; practice; crisis informatics; digital volunteers  
  Abstract Practice and research collaborations in the disaster domain have the potential to improve emergency management practices while also advancing disaster science theory. However, they also pose challenges as practitioners and researchers each have their own culture, history, values, incentives, and processes that do not always facilitate collaboration. In this paper, we reflect on a 6-month practice and research collaboration, where researchers and practitioners worked together to craft a social media monitoring system for emergency managers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges we encountered in this project fall into two broad categories, job-related and timescale challenges. Using prior research on team science as a guide, we discuss several challenges we encountered in these two categories and show how our team sought to overcome them. We conclude with a set of best practices for improving practice and research collaborations.  
  Address Brigham Young University; University of Texas – Austin; National Institutes of Health; George Mason University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Tarbes, France Editor Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-82-8427-099-9 Medium  
  Track Open Track Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2470  
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Author (up) Andrew J. Hampton; Shreyansh Bhatt; Alan Smith; Jeremy Brunn; Hemant Purohit; Valerie L. Shalin; John M. Flach; Amit P. Sheth pdf  openurl
  Title Constructing Synthetic Social Media Stimuli for an Emergency Preparedness Functional Exercise Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 181-189  
  Keywords Social media; emergency preparedness; synthetic microblog corpus; disaster response training  
  Abstract This paper details the creation of a massive (over 32,000 messages) artificially constructed 'Twitter' microblog stream for a regional emergency preparedness functional exercise. By combining microblog conversion, manual production, and a control set, we created a web-based information stream providing valid, misleading, and irrelevant information to public information officers (PIOs) representing hospitals, fire departments, the local Red Cross, and city and county government officials. Addressing the challenges in constructing this corpus constitutes an important step in providing experimental evidence that complements observational study, necessary for designing effective social media tools for the emergency response setting. Preliminary results in the context of an emergency preparedness exercise suggest how social media can participate in the work practice of a PIO concerning the assessment of the disaster and the dissemination of information within the emergency response organization and to the public.  
  Address University of Memphis; Wright State University; George Mason University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium  
  Track Analytical Modeling and Simulation Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2010  
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Author (up) Hemant Purohit; Jennifer Chan pdf  openurl
  Title Classifying User Types on Social Media to inform Who-What-Where Coordination during Crisis Response Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017  
  Volume Issue Pages 656-665  
  Keywords User Classification, Social Media, Crisis Coordination, Organization, Organization-affiliated  
  Abstract Timely information is essential for better dynamic situational awareness, which leads to efficient resource planning, coordination, and action. However, given the scale and outreach of social media�a key information sharing platform during crises, diverse types of users participate in discussions during crises, which affect the vetting of information for dynamic situational awareness and response coordination activities. In this paper, we present a user analysis on Twitter during crises for three major user types�Organization, Organizationaffiliated (a person�s self-identifying affiliation with an organization in his/her profile), and Non-affiliated (person not identifying any affiliation), by first classifying users and then presenting their communication patterns during two recent crises. Our analysis shows distinctive patterns of the three user types for participation and communication on social media during crises. Such a user-centric approach to study information sharing during crisis events can act as a precursor to deeper domain-driven content analysis for response agencies.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds  
  Language Englisg Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium  
  Track Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2200  
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Author (up) Hemant Purohit; Kathleen Moore pdf  isbn
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  Title The Digital Crow's Nest: A Framework for Proactive Disaster Informatics & Resilience by Open Source Intelligence Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018  
  Volume Issue Pages 949-958  
  Keywords Resilience, Emergency management, Crisis Management, Indicator Analysis, Open Source Intelligence  
  Abstract The research on technology-assisted crisis management has primarily existed for two decades since 9/11. Although, the focus of technology research has been centered around tools to assist the response phase after a disaster. There has been a lack of emphasis on the role and design of technologies to assist the other phases of the crisis management cycle, particularly preparedness and mitigation phases to lead towards the vision of building resilient communities. In this paper, we first identify resilience characteristics of a community from the prior literature. We then analyze a co-occurrence network of concepts in the ISCRAM publications to validate the gap in relating technologies to resilience and conduct an indicator analysis of factors for proactive disaster informatics via a case study of recent disaster. Our analysis leads us to propose a conceptual framework “Digital Crow's Nest” based on Open Source Intelligence to improve the technology design for community resilience.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium  
  Track Designing for Resilience Expedition Conference ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2167  
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Author (up) Hemant Purohit; Shreyansh Bhatt; Andrew Hampton; Valerie Shalin; Amit Sheth; John Flach pdf  isbn
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  Title With whom to coordinate, why and how in ad-hoc social media communities during crisis response Type Conference Article
  Year 2014 Publication ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2014  
  Volume Issue Pages 787-791  
  Keywords Hardware; Ad-hoc community; Crisis response; Influencers; Social media; Virtual responders; Information systems  
  Abstract During crises directly affected people and observers join social media communities to discuss the event. They may share information relevant to response coordination, for example, specific resource needs. However, responders face a massive data overload and lack the time to monitor social media traffic for important and trustworthy information. To address these challenges, response teams may attempt manual filtering methods, resulting in limited coverage and quality. Hence, we propose a computational framework for extracting specific resource-related information, and an interface for identifying and engaging with influential participants in the dynamic, evolving social media community. Our approach helps to identify those virtual responders who serve both as sources and disseminators of important information to assist in coordinated emergency response.  
  Address Ohio Center of Excellence in Knowledge-enabled Computing (Kno.e.sis), Wright State University, United States  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher The Pennsylvania State University Place of Publication University Park, PA Editor S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9780692211946 Medium  
  Track Social Media in Crisis Response and Management Expedition Conference 11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 858  
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Author (up) Hoang Long Nguyen; Yasas Senarath; Hemant Purohit; Rajendra Akerkar pdf  openurl
  Title Towards a Design of Resilience Data Repository for Community Resilience Type Conference Article
  Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021  
  Volume Issue Pages 271-281  
  Keywords Community resilience, Resilience data repository, Resilience dimension, Static and dynamic indicator  
  Abstract Community resilience is coming under scrutiny recently because of its need to support communities in preparing and protecting lives against risks and bouncing back to normal operations after disruptions. However, community resilience is an intricate concept that is arduous to capture and turn into explicit knowledge. This motivated us to propose a general architecture for a resilience data repository that enables communities to adopt a general methodology for collecting, storing, managing, and sharing resilience-based information. To ensure that the repository is useful and practical, we started with in-depth literature review and conducted survey with practitioners to obtain their insights into community resilience and potential data sources from local communities. Eventually, we presented the utility of the repository by describing several potential applications. Information systems professionals of community stakeholders and disaster management agencies can construct their own resilience repositories by utilising the proposed design of the architecture.  
  Address Western Norway Research Institute; George Mason University; George Mason University; Western Norway Research Institute  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium  
  Track Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes hln@vestforsk.no Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2332  
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Author (up) Jennifer Lisa Chan; Gabriel Nam; Allison G. Marshall; Hemant Purohit pdf  isbn
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  Title Trends in Humanitarian Health Information during 2010 Haiti Earthquake: Motivation for Curating Domain Knowledge Base Type Conference Article
  Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords information management, health information, knowledge bases, curation  
  Abstract Health response plays a major role during disasters and information management plays a crucial role in situational awareness to adapt to evolving needs. Health organizations exchange information often through narrative-based documents called situation reports. Although situation reports are widely shared, they are an increasingly challenging information source from which to infer knowledge for situational awareness. This paper analyzed health information from traditional health reports using mixed methods during the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake and provides insights into the patterns of what?s being said, how it?s being said, and trends over time. Opportunities lie ahead to analyze narrative documents at scale by combining human knowledge from qualitative coding with machine intelligence. In addition, developing unifying health domain ontologies representing diverse humanitarian health concepts will advance computational techniques to improve

the efficiency and accuracy of retrieving knowledge for improved situational awareness and potential decision

making during humanitarian health response.
 
  Address Northwestern University, United States of America;University of Pennsylvania,United States of America;Temple University, United States of America;George Mason University, United States of America  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium  
  Track T11- Community Engagement & Healthcare Systems Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1930  
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Author (up) Rahul Pandey; Brenda Bannan; Hemant Purohit pdf  isbn
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  Title CitizenHelper-training: AI-infused System for Multimodal Analytics to assist Training Exercise Debriefs at Emergency Services Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2020  
  Volume Issue Pages 42-53  
  Keywords Training Exercise, Emergency Preparedness, AI system, Learning Analytics, Responder Training.  
  Abstract The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies across various real-world applications for human performance augmentation demonstrates an unprecedented opportunity for emergency management. However, the current exploration of AI technologies such as computer vision and natural language processing is highly focused on emergency response and less investigated for the preparedness and mitigation phases. The training exercises for emergency services are critical to preparing responders to perform effectively in the real-world, providing a venue to leverage AI technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate an application of AI to address the challenges in augmenting the performance of instructors or trainers in such training exercises in real-time, with the explicit aim of reducing cognitive overload in extracting relevant knowledge from the voluminous multimodal data including video recordings and IoT sensor streams. We present an AI-infused system design for multimodal stream analytics and lessons from its use during a regional training exercise for active violence events.  
  Address George Mason University; George Mason University; George Mason University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-27-5 ISBN 2411-3391 Medium  
  Track AI Systems for Crisis and Risks Expedition Conference 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes rpandey4@gmu.edu Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2206  
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Author (up) Rahul Pandey; Gaurav Bahl; Hemant Purohit pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title EMAssistant: A Learning Analytics System for Social and Web Data Filtering to Assist Trainees and Volunteers of Emergency Services Type Conference Article
  Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Training System, Disaster Management, Active Learning, Humanitarian Technology, Social Media Mining  
  Abstract An increasing number of Machine Learning based systems are being designed to filter and visualize the relevant

information from social media and web streams for disaster management. Given the dynamic disaster events, the

notion of relevant information evolves, and thus, the active learning techniques are often considered to keep

updating the predictive models for the relevant information filtering. However, the active relevant feedback

provided by the human annotators to update the models are not validated. As a result, they can introduce

unconscious biases in the learning process of humans and can result in an inaccurate or inefficient predictive

system. Therefore, this paper describes the design and implementation of an open-source technology-based

learning analytics system ? EMAssistant ? for the emergency volunteers or practitioners – referred as the trainee, to

enhance their experiential learning cycle with the cause-effect reasoning on providing relevant feedback to the

machine learning model. This continuous integration between the cause (providing feedback) and the effect

(observing predictions from the updated model) in a visual form will likely to improve the understanding of the

trainees to provide more accurate feedback. We propose to present the system design as well as provide

hands-on exercises for the conference session.
 
  Address George Mason University, United States of America  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium  
  Track T12- Tool Talks Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1900  
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Author (up) Steve Peterson; Keri Stephens; Hemant Purohit; Amanda Hughes pdf  isbn
openurl 
  Title When Official Systems Overload: A Framework for Finding Social Media Calls for Help during Evacuations Type Conference Article
  Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Disasters, social media, hurricanes, data, framework, public safety  
  Abstract During large-scale disasters it is not uncommon for Public Safety Answering Points (e.g., 9-1-1) to encounter

service disruptions or become overloaded due to call volume. As observed in the two past United States hurricane

seasons, citizens are increasingly turning to social media whether as a consequence of their inability to reach

9-1-1, or as a preferential means of communications. Relying on past research that has examined social media

use in disasters, combined with the practical knowledge of the first-hand disaster response experiences, this paper

develops a knowledge-driven framework containing parameters useful in identifying patterns of shared

information on social media when citizens need help. This effort explores the feasibility of determining

differences, similarities, common themes, and time-specific discoveries of social media calls for help associated

with hurricane evacuations. At a future date, validation of this framework will be demonstrated using datasets

from multiple disasters. The results will lead to recommendations on how the framework can be modified to make

it applicable as a generic disaster-type characterization tool.
 
  Address National Institutes of Health, United States of America;The University of Texas at Austin;George Mason University;Brigham Young University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium  
  Track T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1928  
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Author (up) Valerio Lorini; Carlos Castillo; Steve Peterson; Paola Rufolo; Hemant Purohit; Diego Pajarito; João Porto de Albuquerque; Cody Buntain pdf  openurl
  Title Social Media for Emergency Management: Opportunities and Challenges at the Intersection of Research and Practice Type Conference Article
  Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021  
  Volume Issue Pages 772-777  
  Keywords Crisis Informatics, Social Media, Workshop Report, Disaster Management  
  Abstract This paper summarizes key opportunities and challenges identified during the workshop “Social Media for Disaster Risk Management: Researchers Meet Practitioners” which took place online in November 2020. It constitutes a work-in-progress towards identifying new directions for research and development of systems that can better serve the information needs of emergency managers. Practitioners widely recognize the potential of accessing timely information from social media. Nevertheless, the discussion outlined some critical challenges for improving its adoption during crises. In particular, validating such information and integrating it with authoritative information and into more traditional information systems for emergency managers requires further work, and the negative impacts of misinformation and disinformation need to be prevented.  
  Address European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Community Emergency Response Team, Montgomery County, Maryland, USA; European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy; George Mason Univers  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium  
  Track Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes valerio.lorini@ec.europa.eu Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2372  
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Author (up) Yasas Senarath; Jennifer Chan; Hemant Purohit; Ozlem Uzuner pdf  openurl
  Title Evaluating the Relevance of UMLS Knowledge Base for Public Health Informatics during Disasters Type Conference Article
  Year 2021 Publication ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2021  
  Volume Issue Pages 97-105  
  Keywords Public Health, Disaster Informatics, Health Informatics, UMLS, Metathesaurus  
  Abstract During disasters public health organizations increasingly face challenges in acquiring and transforming real-time data into knowledge about the dynamic public health needs. Resources on the internet can provide valuable information for extracting knowledge that can help improve decisions which will ultimately result in targeted and efficient health services. Digital content such as online articles, blogs, and social media are some of such information sources that could be leveraged to improve the health care systems during disasters. To efficiently and accurately identify relevant disaster health information, extraction tools require a common vocabulary that is aligned to the health domain so that the knowledge from these unstructured digital sources can be accurately structured and organized. In this paper, we study the degree to which the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) contains relevant disaster, public health, and medical concepts for which public health information in disaster domain could be extracted from digital sources.  
  Address George Mason University; Northwestern University; George Mason University; George Mason University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Virginia Tech Place of Publication Blacksburg, VA (USA) Editor Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel  
  Language English Summary Language English Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-949373-61-5 ISBN Medium  
  Track AI and Intelligent Systems for Crises and Risks Expedition Conference 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management  
  Notes ywijesu@gmu.edu Approved no  
  Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2317  
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