| Records |
| Author |
Tom Duffy; Richard McMaster; Chris Baber; Robert Houghton |
| Title |
Towards an ontology broker to improve cross-agency sharing in emergency response |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication  |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
| Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Disasters; Information services; Information systems; Terrorism; Communication and collaborations; Disaster response; Emergency response; Information networks; Organisational boundaries; Shared understanding; Socio-technical networks; Standard operating procedures; Emergency services |
| Abstract |
Major incidents and disasters tend to be highly complex, contain high levels of uncertainty and may often force official responders to set aside their standard operating procedures and work collaboratively with a range of agencies and actors on the ground. Prior work has shown that establishing clear lines of communication and maintaining a shared understanding across organisational boundaries can be challenging to achieve, particularly in stressful and unusual circumstances. In the present paper we discuss ongoing work into specifying a meta-process for facilitating communication and collaboration based on the observation that common themes that emerge in communication within and across organisational boundaries can subsequently be tracked and built into an Ontology Broker. This work draws on experimental work in our laboratory, observations made in emergency control environments and, emphasised in this paper, lessons learned in the 2005 London bombings. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
| Address |
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Nottingham, United Kingdom |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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| Track |
Social Media and Collaborative Systems |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
103 |
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| Author |
Richard McMaster; Chris Baber; Tom Duffy |
| Title |
The role of artefacts in Police emergency response sensemaking |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
| Keywords |
Command and control systems; Communication; Information systems; Law enforcement; Collaborative sensemaking; Command and control; Data collection; Distributed cognition; Emergency response; Qualitative study; Sensemaking; Technical factors; Emergency services |
| Abstract |
This paper presents a study of the role of artefacts in sensemaking during emergency response. A qualitative study was conducted with two UK Police Forces, with a particular focus on the role of artefacts in the creation and modification of sensemaking frames. This research demonstrates that sensemaking is a key component of emergency response Command and Control and that this activity is distributed across the individuals within the system. Collaborative sensemaking is coordinated via social and organisational means, supported by a range of private (informal) and shared (formal) artefacts, which function as resources for action – cueing frame seeking and frame-defined data collection. The study also reveals the role of narrative in bridging the gap between these two parallel sensemaking processes and raises implications for the further digitisation of the emergency response environment, demonstrating the importance of balancing social and technical factors in the design of ICT for emergency response. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
| Address |
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Command and Control Studies |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
| Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
168 |
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| |
| Author |
Tom Duffy; Chris Baber; Neville Stanton |
| Title |
Measuring collaborative sensemaking |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
561-565 |
| Keywords |
Hardware; Social networking (online); Collaborative sensemaking; Consensus; Hierarchical control structure; Information diffusion; Intelligence analysis; International studies; Quantitative method; Shared understanding; Information systems |
| Abstract |
Problems of collaborative sensemaking are evident in major incident response where sharing salient information is key to the shared understanding of the situation. In this paper we propose that differences in sensemaking performance can be captured through quantitative methods derived from consideration of network structure and information diffusion as the group collaborates to achieve consensus in a problem-solving task. We present analysis from a large international study in which groups of people collaborate to solve an intelligence analysis problem. Our initial analysis suggests that 'edge' groups are able to collaborate more efficiently and perform better than those which have a hierarchical control structure. |
| Address |
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Southampton, United Kingdom |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
|
| Track |
Innovations in Research |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
460 |
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| Author |
David F. Merrick; Tom Duffy |
| Title |
Utilizing community volunteered information to enhance disaster situational awareness |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
858-862 |
| Keywords |
Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Social networking (online); Community volunteered information; Crowd sourcing; Facebook; Situational awareness; Social media; Twitter; Emergency services |
| Abstract |
Social media allows the public to engage in the disaster response and recovery process in new and exciting ways. Many emergency management agencies in the United States are embracing social media as a new channel for alerts, warnings, and public outreach, but very few are mining the massive amounts of data available for use in disaster response. The research reflected in this paper strives to help emergency management practitioners harness the power of community volunteered information in a way that is still novel in most parts of the country. Field verification and research combined with survey results attempts to identify and solve many of the barriers to adoption that currently exist. By helping practitioners understand the virtues and limitations of this type of data and information, this research will encourage the use of community volunteered information in the emergency operations center. |
| Address |
Florida State University, United States |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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| Track |
Social Media |
Expedition |
|
Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
767 |
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