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Author |
Bruce D. Campbell; Konrad E. Schroder; Chris E. Weaver |
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Title |
RimSim visualization : An interactive tool for post-event sense making of a first response effort |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2010 |
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Keywords |
Flow visualization; Information systems; Personnel training; Query processing; Software agents; Visualization; Agent-based behavior; Emergency response; First responders; Interactive tool; Sense making; Simulation; University of Washington; Visualization tools; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Upon developing a software agent-based simulator for training roles in emergency response scenarios, the PARVAC team at the University of Washington has pursued building a tool for better investigative review and insight generation on the performance of an emergency response game session team. While our RimSim Response software included the opportunity to re-run a simulated team performance in order to review player and agent behavior, we did not provide our trainees the ability to visually query their performance outside of a sequential review of the emergency response effort. By integrating our RSR visualization components with an existing visual query software package called Improvise, we were able to construct highly-coordinated visualizations of our data model for the ability to apply a sense making approach in the investigation of live player and software agent-based behavior – both as individual players and as combinations of players working on tasks associated with an emergency response scenario. The resultant tool is now our primary visualization tool for discussing first responder team performance and supports the overall RSR objective of training teams to make the most effective, recognition-primed decisions when a real emergency crisis occurs in their community. This paper reviews our visualization tool and demonstrates its use. |
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Pacific Rim Regional Visualization and Analytics Center, Univ. of Washington, United States; Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, United States |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, WA |
Editor |
S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
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Track |
Special Session: Assessing Crisis Management Operations and Exercises |
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Conference |
7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
363 |
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Author |
Catherine Lowry Campbell; Bartel A. Van De Walle; Fadi P. Deek |
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Title |
Asynchronous negotiation and collaboration of software requirements for an emergency response information system: An empirical investigation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2005 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
5-11 |
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Keywords |
Groupware; Information systems; Requirements engineering; Software engineering; Asynchronous communication; Collaborative softwares; Emergency Response Information Systems; Negotiation support; Software requirements; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Negotiation and collaboration during the requirements stage of the software engineering process are fundamental to developing successful software products. Groups of stakeholders work together to come to agreement on the most important requirements to be sent forward for implementation. Distributed software engineering is becoming the norm rather than the exception, yet the requirements elicitation and definition process is normally conducted face to face. This paper describes an empirical study to investigate the relationship between structured task and specified negotiation steps within an asynchronous environment. The results reveal that these structures can have a positive impact on solution quality but a negative impact on process satisfaction, although following a negotiation sequence and task structure can help asynchronous groups come to agreement faster. Details of the experimental procedures, statistical analysis, and discussion of the results of the experiment are presented, as are suggestions for improving this work and a plan for future research. |
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Address |
New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States; Tilburg University, Netherlands |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Brussels |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, B. Carle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9076971099 |
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Track |
INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGN |
Expedition |
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Conference |
2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
364 |
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Author |
Catherine Lowry Campbell; Fadi Deek; Murray Turoff; Bartel A. Van De Walle |
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Title |
Measuring consensus and conflict among stakeholders in emergency response information system requirements negotiations |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2004 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
121-126 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Requirements engineering; Asynchronous negotiations; Emergency Response Information Systems; Preference models; Software requirements; Stakeholder preferences; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper introduces the experimental design we developed for the analysis of asynchronous negotiations among five different stakeholders as they work towards consensus on the functional system requirements that are needed for a common emergency response information system. We present three analytical preference models to measure the evolving consensus and conflict among the stakeholders as they modify their preferences during the negotiation. We illustrate the use of these techniques for obtaining a detailed understanding of the negotiation dynamics among the stakeholders. © Proceedings ISCRAM 2004. |
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Address |
Information Systems Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark NJ, United States; Department of Information Systems and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Brussels |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, B. Carle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9076971080 |
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Track |
Emergency Response Stakeholders and Cooperation |
Expedition |
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Conference |
1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
87 |
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Author |
Christian Reuter; Oliver Heger; Volkmar Pipek |
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Title |
Combining real and virtual volunteers through social media |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
780-790 |
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Keywords |
Disasters; Emergency services; Information systems; Professional aspects; Software prototyping; Collaboration; Collaborative resilience; Emergent groups; Social media; Volunteers; Social networking (online) |
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Abstract |
Recent studies have called attention to the improvement of “collaborative resilience” by fostering the collaboration potentials of public and private stakeholders during disasters. With our research we consider real and virtual volunteers in order to detect conditions for cooperation among those citizen groups through social media. Therefore we analysed the usage of Twitter during a tornado crisis to look for role patterns and aspects that helped volunteer groups in the virtual to emerge, and matched the data with an interview study on experiences, attitudes, concerns and potentials professional emergency services recounted in the emergence of volunteer groups in the real. While virtual groups seem to easily form and collaborate, the engagement of real volunteers is decreasing according to the perception of professionals. We discuss the dynamics in both tendencies and suggest design implications (use of existing social networks, promotion and awareness, connection among volunteers, connection to emergency services and systems) to support both types of volunteer groups, which lead to a software prototype. |
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Address |
Institute for Information Systems, University of Siegen, Germany |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Social Media |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
874 |
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Author |
Cláudio Sapateiro; Pedro Antunes |
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Title |
An emergency response model toward situational awareness improvement |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2009 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Model structures; Risk management; Business continuity; Contingent factors; Emergency management; Emergency response; Emergency scenario; High reliability organizations; Situation awareness; Situational awareness; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
When facing emergency scenarios, several contingent factors may strongly condition the pre-defined response procedures. The proposed approach takes the perspective that an emergency response tool may guide the response effort. The tool adopts a conceptual model grounded on existing situation awareness models and research work done with High Reliability Organizations. The model structures the emergency management process in a set of dimensions that should be collaboratively correlated by the involved participants in order to mitigate the disruptive situation. An instantiation of the proposed approach is also described in the paper, focusing on IT service desk teams addressing emergency incidents that may compromise business continuity. |
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Address |
Systems and Informatics Department, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Portugal; Informatics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Gothenburg |
Editor |
J. Landgren, S. Jul |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9789163347153 |
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Track |
Open Track |
Expedition |
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Conference |
6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
913 |
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Author |
Connie White; Murray Turoff; Bartel A. Van De Walle |
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Title |
A dynamic delphi process utilizing a modified thurstone scaling method: Collaborative judgement in emergency response |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2007 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
7-15 |
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Keywords |
Decision support systems; Time series; Collaboration; Decision supports; Delphi; Emergency response systems; Group support systems; Incomplete data; Judgment; Paired comparison; Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment; Ubiquitous; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
In an extreme event or major disaster, very often there are both alternative actions that might be considered and far more requests for actions than can be executed immediately. The relative desirability of each option for action could be a collaborative expression of a significant number of emergency managers and experts trying to manage the most desirable alternatives at any given time, in real time. Delphi characteristics can satisfy these needs given that anyone can vote or change their vote on any two options, and voting and scaling are used to promote a group understanding. Further utilized with Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment, a group decision or the range of acceptability a group is willing to consent to, can be calculated and utilized as a means of producing the best decision. A ubiquitous system for expeditious real-time decision making by large virtual teams in emergency response environments is described. |
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Address |
New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States; Tilburg University, Netherlands |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Delft |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9789054874171; 9789090218717 |
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Track |
GENE |
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Conference |
4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1082 |
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Author |
Connie White; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Murray Turoff |
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Title |
United we respond: One community, one voice |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2008 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
25-33 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Knowledge acquisition; Virtual reality; Communities of Practice; Community of practice; Cross-border; Delphi system; Emergency response; Emergency situation; Federal governments; Virtual community; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
When emergency situations cross borders, or when newly formed groups need to work together, decision making can suffer from threat rigidity and pertinent information can be bypassed. We describe a Dynamic Delphi system under development that can create and sustain a group “voice” for an emergency response Community of Practice (CoP). We further describe its intended use for a CoP consisting of local, state and federal government responders, civilian emergency response teams (CERT), and volunteers. Community members can brainstorm, explore ideas, debate and vote iteratively to best reflect the group's opinion at any moment in time. Ongoing studies demonstrate that an online system implementing Dynamic Delphi characteristics along with Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment will prove conducive for building a repertoire of ideas, rules, policies or any other aspect of the community's 'voice', in such a way that the individual voices are juxtaposed in harmony to create a single song. |
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Address |
Information Systems Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC |
Editor |
F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780615206974 |
Medium |
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Track |
Social Networking, Web Collaboration and e Participation in Crisis and Risk Managements |
Expedition |
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Conference |
5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1080 |
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Author |
Craig E. Kuziemsky; Tracey L. O'Sullivan; Wayne Corneil |
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Title |
An upstream-downstream approach for disaster management information systems design |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Design; Disaster prevention; Emergency services; Risk management; Systems analysis; Awareness; Communities of Practice; Community resiliences; Disaster management informations; Emergency management; Participatory design; Situation awareness; User engagement; Disasters |
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Abstract |
Information is an essential part of disaster management. Information systems (IS) are a key means of providing the right information at the right time to support response to a disaster, and fostering collaborative facilitators such as situation awareness, common ground and communities of practice. However for these collaborative facilitators to support 'downstream events' (i.e. disaster response) they need to emerge and be grown from 'upstream' activities such as user engagement. Subsequently IS design requirements for disaster response are embedded in the community where a system will be used and it is from the community users and their needs that IS requirements must emerge. This paper presents an upstream-downstream approach for disaster management IS design. We describe four phases to user centered information systems design to support disaster management and provide a case study of using this approach in action to design an IS to enhance community resilience. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; University of Ottawa, Institute of Population Health, Canada |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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Track |
Special Session Mixed Methods |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
24 |
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Author |
Daniel E. Lane; Tracey L. O'Sullivan; Craig E. Kuziemsky; Fikret Berkes; Anthony Charles |
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Title |
A structured equation model of collaborative community response |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
906-911 |
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Keywords |
Computer simulation; Decision theory; Information systems; Mathematical models; Risk analysis; Adaptation; C-change; Community collaboration; Community engagement; Emergency response; EnRiCH; Preparedness; Simulation; Structured equation modeling; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper analyses the collaborative dynamic of community in response to urgent situations. Community emergencies arising from natural or man-induced threats are considered as exogenous events that stimulate community resources to be unified around the response, action, and recovery activities related to the emergency. A structured equation model is derived to depict the actions of the community system. The system is described in terms of its resources including the propensity to trigger community action and collaboration among diverse groups. The community is profiled with respect to its ability to respond. The system defines the trigger mechanisms that are considered to be the drivers of collaborative action. A simulation model is presented to enact the system emergencies, community profiles, and collaborative response. The results develop an improved understanding of conditions that engage community collaborative actions as illustrated by examples from community research in the EnRiCH and the C-Change community research projects. |
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Address |
Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Canada; Interdisciplinary Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Canada; Department of Finance and Management Science, Saint Mary's University, Canada |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Social Media |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
677 |
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Author |
David F. Merrick; Tom Duffy |
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Title |
Utilizing community volunteered information to enhance disaster situational awareness |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
858-862 |
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Keywords |
Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Social networking (online); Community volunteered information; Crowd sourcing; Facebook; Situational awareness; Social media; Twitter; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Social media allows the public to engage in the disaster response and recovery process in new and exciting ways. Many emergency management agencies in the United States are embracing social media as a new channel for alerts, warnings, and public outreach, but very few are mining the massive amounts of data available for use in disaster response. The research reflected in this paper strives to help emergency management practitioners harness the power of community volunteered information in a way that is still novel in most parts of the country. Field verification and research combined with survey results attempts to identify and solve many of the barriers to adoption that currently exist. By helping practitioners understand the virtues and limitations of this type of data and information, this research will encourage the use of community volunteered information in the emergency operations center. |
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Address |
Florida State University, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Social Media |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
767 |
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Author |
David Mendonça; Frank Fiedrich |
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Title |
Design for improvisation in computer-based emergency response systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2004 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
99-104 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Multi agent systems; Computer based training; Distributed simulations; Emergency response; Emergency response systems; Improvisation; Plan execution; Research questions; Three dimensions; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper explores the design of training environments in which emergency response professionals can use information technologies to train for responding to unplanned-for situations. This approach – designing for improvisation – is fundamentally different than designing for plan execution. In this paper, we identify three dimensions of this difference and outline a set of research questions that are intended to lead to a better understanding of the role of improvisation in emergency response, as well as how it can be trained for and supported. Both questions are intertwined, since without a firm understanding of how improvisation occurs it is difficult to train for and support it. © Proceedings ISCRAM 2004. |
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Address |
Information Systems Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102, United States; Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe University, Am Fasanengarten, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Brussels |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, B. Carle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9076971080 |
Medium |
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Track |
Emergency Response Information Systems Design |
Expedition |
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Conference |
1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
170 |
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Author |
David Mendonça; Yao Hu; Qing Gu |
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Title |
Cognitive-level support for improvisation in emergency response |
Type |
Conference Article |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2007 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
489-496 |
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Keywords |
Computer simulation; Decision support systems; Cognitive model; Computational model; Computer-based support; Decision supports; Emergency response; Improvisation; Simulation platform; Training exercise; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Improvisation-serial and purposeful creativity, exercised under time constraint-is an intensely cognitive endeavor. Accordingly, supporting improvisation requires an understanding of the underlying cognitive processes and an identification of opportunities for support. This paper reports on the development of cognitively-grounded computer-based support for improvisation in a simulated emergency response situation. The application is a computational model which attends to traces of group decision processes, analyzes them, and attempts to achieve fit between its own intentions and those of the group. The current architecture and functioning of the model are discussed, along with an overview of the simulation platform. Current and future workin the areas of model validation and evaluation is described. The results of this work strongly suggest that model-based support for improvisation is possible, but that for the time being will be restricted to synthetic situations, of the kind often used in training exercises. |
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Address |
New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Delft |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9789054874171; 9789090218717 |
Medium |
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Track |
IMPR |
Expedition |
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Conference |
4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
765 |
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Author |
Delia Berrouard; Krisztina Cziner; Adrian Boukalov |
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Title |
Emergency scenario user perspective in public safety communication systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2006 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
386-396 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Spatial distribution; Telecommunication; Communication technologies; Emergency response; Emergency situation; Information flows; Organization structures; Public safety; Public safety communications; User study; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
In the area of emergency response communication technologies, consideration of organization structure is critical in order to begin the understanding of user needs and optimize the development of effective technologies. User studies were carried out during the Wireless Deployable Network System European project-WIDENS. This paper discusses the information flow and spatial distribution of different European organizations involved in emergency response for various large-scale scenarios. The paper presents the operational view of emergency situation and related communication flows in several countries. Key results revealed that similarities exist in organizational roles, holding specific responsibilities in terms of location and task. Hierarchical arrangements and information flow may also be similar. However, difficulties lie in the efficient transmission of information due to slow information flow. Spatial distribution of personnel varies for scenarios. Future European studies are recommended for the advancement of our understanding of these newly addressed issues in public safety communication technologies and the needs of users in Europe. |
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Address |
Communication laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), P.O: Box 2300, Fin-02015 Hut, Finland |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Newark, NJ |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9090206019; 9789090206011 |
Medium |
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Track |
RESEARCH METHODS IN CRISIS DECISION MAKING |
Expedition |
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Conference |
3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
315 |
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Author |
Duncan T. Wilson; Glenn I. Hawe; Graham Coates; Roger S. Crouch |
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Title |
Scheduling response operations under transport network disruptions |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
683-687 |
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Keywords |
Algorithms; Decision theory; Disasters; Emergency services; Information systems; Optimization; Stochastic systems; Disaster response; Optimization algorithms; Predictive performance; Real-time information; Road transport networks; Routing; Scheduling problem; Transport networks; Scheduling |
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Abstract |
Modeling the complex decision problems faced in the coordination of disaster response as a scheduling problem to be solved using an optimization algorithm has the potential to deliver efficient and effective support to decision makers. However, much of the utility of such a model lies in its ability to accurately predict the outcome of any proposed solution. The stochastic nature of the disaster response environment can make such prediction difficult. In this paper we examine the effect of unknown disruptions to the road transport network on the utility of a disaster response scheduling model. The effects of several levels of disruption are measured empirically and the potential of using real-time information to revise model parameters, and thereby improve predictive performance, is evaluated. |
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Address |
School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Intelligent Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
1093 |
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Author |
Duncan T. Wilson; Glenn I. Hawe; Graham Coates; Roger S. Crouch |
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Title |
Estimating the value of casualty health information to optimization-based decision support in response to major incidents |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Algorithms; Combinatorial optimization; Decision support systems; Information systems; Optimization; Accurate modeling; Computational experiment; Decision supports; Emergency response; Health informations; Optimization algorithms; Uncertain features; Work-in-progress; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
In this paper we describe a work-in-progress decision support program designed for use in the response to major incidents in the UK. The proposed program is designed for use in a continuous fashion, where the updating of its model, the search for solutions to the model through an optimization algorithm, and the issuing of these solutions are carried out concurrently. The model facilitates the inclusion of dynamic and uncertain features of emergency response. The potential of such an approach to deliver high-quality response plans through enabling more accurate modeling is evaluated through focusing on the case of casualty health information. Computational experiments show there is significant value in monitoring the dynamic and uncertain health progression of casualties and updating the model accordingly. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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Track |
Track Decision Support Methods for Complex Crises |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
240 |
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Author |
Edward Mahinda; Brian Whitworth |
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Title |
Evaluating flexibility and reliability in emergency response information systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2004 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
93-98 |
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Keywords |
Emergency services; Information systems; Surveys; Customizability; Emergency Response Information Systems; Emergency response systems; Evaluation; Flexibility; System breakdown; Tailorability; Reliability |
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Abstract |
Flexibility, variously known as adaptability, tailorability, and customizability, has long been recognized as important in information system (IS) success. Reliability has known value in IS for the resulting predictability it bestows on a system. However increasing flexibility can increase possible paths for system breakdown, and so contribute to failure, i.e. increasing flexibility can reduce reliability. Reliability and flexibility seem in design “tension”, as one creates change and the other resists it. The combination of reliability and flexibility has been called “ robustness”, and it seems a desirable integration particularly for emergency response systems. However typically these two areas are studied separately. Our approach to evaluating the combination of reliability and flexibility is to define two distinct requirements that neither overlap nor contradict, and can be assessed by system users. A questionnaire instrument for users is proposed for measurement of the flexibility and reliability of a system. © Proceedings ISCRAM 2004. |
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Address |
New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark NJ, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Brussels |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, B. Carle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9076971080 |
Medium |
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Track |
Emergency Response Information Systems Design |
Expedition |
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Conference |
1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
161 |
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Author |
Einar Bjørgo |
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Title |
Satellite imagery and GIS for disaster response & management in the United Nations: The UNOSAT approach |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2004 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
105-110 |
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Keywords |
Disaster prevention; Disasters; Geographic information systems; Human resource management; Information management; Information systems; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Space optics; Charter; Gmoss; Rapid mapping; Respond; United Nations; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have the potential to provide United Nations (UN) humanitarian agencies and their partners with much needed disaster related information and improved management of resources. However, the technical nature of these tools requires considerable expertise to fully benefit from satellite images and related geographic information. The UN Office for Project Services (UNOPS) is implementing the UNOSAT service on behalf of the UN Institute on Training and Research (UNITAR) together with several private actors. UNOSAT provides the UN and its partners with the expertise in Earth Observation (EO) and GIS applications. As a crisis is part of a spectrum of disaster related events, UNOSAT provides services in all phases of humanitarian assistance, including planning, crisis response, relief and development. UNOSAT's objectives are to facilitate the territory planning and monitoring processes of local authorities, local technicians, development project managers and humanitarian field operators working in coordination with or within the framework of UN activities, on issues such as disaster management, risk prevention, peace keeping operations, post conflict reconstruction, environmental rehabilitation and social and economic development. A key part of this work is to accelerate and expand the use of accurate geographic information derived from EO-satellite imagery. UNOSAT is also involved in several international initiatives aimed at improved crisis response and management, such as the International Charter “Space and Major Disasters”, an important asset in providing timely information to relief personnel on the ground. By working closely with its UN sister agencies, UNOPS/UNOSAT offers a one-stop-shop for satellite imagery and GIS services related to disaster response & management within the United Nations. © Proceedings ISCRAM 2004. |
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Address |
United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), UNOSAT, CERN DIV IT/DI/UN, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Brussels |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, B. Carle |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9076971080 |
Medium |
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Track |
Conference Keynote |
Expedition |
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Conference |
1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
81 |
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Author |
Elena Tsiporkova; Nicolás González-Deleito; Tom Tourwé; Anna Hristoskova |
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Title |
Ontology-driven multimodal interface design for an emergency response application |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2012 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Data structures; Decision support systems; Design; Information systems; Interactive computer systems; Ontology; Context-awareness; Decision supports; Design recommendations; Emergency response; Expert knowledge; Interface designs; Modelling framework; Multimodal interface designs; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we propose an ontology-driven modelling framework, which allows to capture the domain and expert knowledge available within the interface design community, and to support designers in their daily design tasks by eliciting user and application dependent design recommendations. We illustrate how this framework can be used in practice with a concrete case study devoted to multimodal interface design for the purpose of emergency response applications. © 2012 ISCRAM. |
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Address |
Sirris Software and ICT Group, Diamant Building, A. Reyerslaan 80, B-1030 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Information Technology, IBBT, Gaston Crommenlaan 8 (Bus 201), B-9050 Ghent, Belgium |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Simon Fraser University |
Place of Publication |
Vancouver, BC |
Editor |
L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9780864913326 |
Medium |
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Track |
Open Track |
Expedition |
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Conference |
9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
220 |
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Author |
Eli Rohn |
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Title |
Data integration potentiometer in DERMIS |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2006 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
326-333 |
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Keywords |
Data integration; Emergency services; Voltage dividers; Data resources; Emergency response; Emergency response management; Payoff function; Information management |
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Abstract |
Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information Systems must integrate data from heterogeneous and autonomous resources. We propose a mathematically based approach for evaluating and quantifying the potential of a successful automatic integration between pairs of data resources. The integration potential, expressed as a percent, should influence assumptions and procedures of emergency response planners. |
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Address |
Department of Information Systems, NJIT, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Newark, NJ |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9090206019; 9789090206011 |
Medium |
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Track |
MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT |
Expedition |
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Conference |
3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
887 |
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Author |
Erkki Kurkinen; Helen T. Sullivan; Markku Häkkinen; Markku Lauttamus |
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Title |
Optimizing mobile social media interfaces for rapid internal communication by emergency services |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2010 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Emergency services; Human computer interaction; Information systems; Law enforcement; Social networking (online); Tracking (position); User interfaces; Geolocations; Interaction methods; Internal communications; Mobile social medias; Operational efficiencies; Situational awareness; Social media; Social media concepts; Mobile devices |
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Abstract |
Social media tools are seeing use in crisis situations. Authorities have recognized the value of such tools and are beginning to use services such as Facebook and Twitter to disseminate official information. However, the use of the social media concept as an internal, operational tool by emergency services is in its early stages. Current social media tools for mobile devices are of potential value, yet security concerns can render such systems unsuitable for operational use, and the user interface can hinder operational efficiency due to the inheritance of a text based model for input and display. The research to be described is examining interaction methods that may improve the efficiency and usability of mobile device-based social media for operational use by police services. A Twitter like model for police activity reports can provide a means for enhanced situational awareness for police command authorities, and for individual officers or patrol units engaged in the “professional” media interchanges. The proposed model, SUMO, is based on a hybrid symbolic and text interface to rapidly enter status, integrated with geolocation, and sensor-based data to automatically capture key information, and thereby minimizing the amount effort required create a complete status update. |
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Address |
University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Rider University, United States |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Seattle, WA |
Editor |
S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
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Track |
Human-Computer Interaction |
Expedition |
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Conference |
7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
665 |
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Author |
Erman Coskun; Dilek Ozceylan |
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Title |
Complexity in emergency management and disaster response information systems (EMDRIS) |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011 |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2011 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Civil defense; Decision making; Disasters; Risk management; Complexity; Disaster response systems; Emergency management; Emergency responders; Emergency response; Emergency situation; Information systems and technologies; Systems complexity; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
Today emergencies seem more complex than ever. Process of managing these emergencies also becomes more complex because of increasing number of involved parties, increasing number of people affected, and increasing amount of resources. This complexity, inherent in emergency management, brings lots of challenges to decision makers and emergency responders. Information systems and technologies are utilized in different areas of emergency management. However complexity increases exponentially in emergency situations and it requires more sophisticated IS and IT and it makes response and management more challenging. Thus analyzing the root causes of emergency management information systems complexity is crucial for improving emergency response effectiveness. This paper frames the issue of information systems complexity by focusing on the types of complexities involved in emergency management phases and explaining each complexity type. We propose 6 different complexity types: Human Complexity, Technologic Complexity, Event Complexity, Interaction Complexity, Decision Making Complexity, and Cultural Complexity. |
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Address |
Sakarya University, Turkey |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Lisbon |
Editor |
M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9789724922478 |
Medium |
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Track |
Advanced Research Methods and Unconventional Results |
Expedition |
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Conference |
8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
|
Serial |
415 |
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Author |
Eva Törnqvist; Johan Sigholm; Simin Nadjm-Tehrani |
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Title |
Hastily formed networks for disaster response: Technical heterogeneity and virtual pockets of local order |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2009 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Cognitive systems; Disasters; Information systems; Mobile ad hoc networks; Communities of Practice; Disaster response; Hastily formed networks; Interdisciplinary analysis; Local order; Natural and man-made disasters; Socio-technological systems; Technical interoperability; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
As natural and man-made disasters become increasingly common, ensuring effective disaster response, mitigation and recovery is growing into a high-priority task for governments and administrations globally. This paper describes the challenges of collaboration within multi-organisational hastily formed networks for post-disaster response, which are increasingly relying on emerging ICT infrastructures for communication and cooperation. We present an interdisciplinary analysis of the conditions for establishing an effective mutual conversation space for involved stakeholders, and how the development of socio-technological systems affects cognitive and behavioural aspects such as established communities of practice and virtual pockets of local order. Our observations thus far suggest that some of the key issues are overcoming organisational and cultural heterogeneity, and finding solutions for technical interoperability, to ensure effective, pervasive and sustainable information exchange within and between organisations participating in hastily formed networks. |
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Address |
Dept. of Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, Sweden; Dept. of Military Studies, Swedish National Defence College, Sweden; Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Sweden |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Gothenburg |
Editor |
J. Landgren, S. Jul |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9789163347153 |
Medium |
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Track |
Collaboration and Social Networking |
Expedition |
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Conference |
6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1012 |
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Author |
Fredrik Bergstrand; Jonas Landgren |
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Title |
Information sharing using live video in emergency response work |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2009 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Design; Information analysis; Information management; Information systems; Collaboration; Emergency response; Information repositories; Information sharing; Live video; Material database; Resource management; Situation awareness; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper presents findings from a design-oriented study focusing on emergency response work. Traditionally, information technology for emergency response work has included enroute navigation advice, resource management, hazard material databases, property information repositories, and situation reporting using sketching functionality. Now, a new class of information technology has become available, namely mobile live video capabilities. This paper presents initial findings from a study on how mobile live video capabilities could improve information sharing and situation awareness in emergency response work. |
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Address |
Viktoria Institute, Sweden |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM |
Place of Publication |
Gothenburg |
Editor |
J. Landgren, S. Jul |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9789163347153 |
Medium |
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Track |
Collaboration and Social Networking |
Expedition |
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Conference |
6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
312 |
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Author |
Gerd Van Den Eede; Willem J. Muhren; Raphaël Smals; Bartel A. Van De Walle |
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Title |
IS capability for incident management and the DERMIS design premises |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2006 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
251-261 |
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Keywords |
System theory; Capability trap; Emergency Response Information Systems; Incident Management; Iscram; System Dynamics; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present a dynamic model of the performance of an organization's Incident Management process as determined by the capability of its supporting emergency response information system. Our work is based on the Capability Trap model by Repenning & Sterman (2001) and draws from the many insights on emergency response information systems design as described in the DERMIS (Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information System) framework established by Turoff et al. 2004. Whereas the latter describes the premises that underlie an Information System (IS) that is capable of ensuring a reliable and flexible emergency response, the present paper contributes to the research field by looking at the interrelations of the aforementioned premises. We take a System Dynamics approach and gain insights in the key determinants of IS Capability by highlighting the mutual interdependences grouped around the concepts of adaptability, control, implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge. |
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Address |
Vlekho Business School, Brussels, Belgium; Tilburg University, Netherlands |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium |
Place of Publication |
Newark, NJ |
Editor |
B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9090206019; 9789090206011 |
Medium |
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Track |
SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT |
Expedition |
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Conference |
3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
227 |
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Author |
Gerhard Wickler |
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Title |
Validating procedural knowledge in the open virtual collaboration environment |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
Abbreviated Journal |
ISCRAM 2013 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
607-616 |
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Keywords |
Information systems; Knowledge engineering; Virtual reality; Web services; Distributed knowledge; Emergency planning; Hierarchical task networks; International Planning Competitions; Large-scale emergency; Procedural knowledge; Standard operating procedures; Virtual collaboration; Emergency services |
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Abstract |
This paper describes the OpenVCE system, which is an open-source environment that integrates Web 2.0 technology and a 3D virtual world space to support collaborative work, specifically in large-scale emergency response scenarios, where the system has been evaluated. The support is achieved through procedural knowledge that is available to the system. OpenVCE supports the distributed knowledge engineering of procedural knowledge in a semi-formal framework based on a wiki. For the formal aspect it relies on a representation used in AI planning, specifically, Hierarchical Task Networks, which corresponds naturally to the way emergency response procedures are described in existing Standard Operating Procedures. Knowledge engineering is supported by domain analysis that may highlight issues with the representation. The main contribution of this paper lies in a reasonably informal description of the analysis. The procedural knowledge available to OpenVCE can be utilized in the environment through plans generated by a planner and given to the users as intelligent, distributed to-do lists. The system has been evaluated in experiments using emergency response experts, and it was shown that procedural uncertainty could be improved, despite the complex and new technologies involved. Furthermore, the support for knowledge engineering through domain analysis has been evaluated using several domains from the International Planning Competition, and it was possible to bring out some issues with these examples. |
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Address |
University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie |
Place of Publication |
KIT; Baden-Baden |
Editor |
T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2411-3387 |
ISBN |
9783923704804 |
Medium |
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Track |
Intelligent Systems |
Expedition |
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Conference |
10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1084 |
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