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	Author	Shuyan Xie; Markus Helfert
	Title	Towards an information architecture oriented framework for emergency response system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Architecture; Information management; Information retrieval; Information science; Information systems; Management information systems; Risk management; Emergency management systems; Emergency response; Emergency response systems; Information architectures; Information sharing; Managerial aspects; Maturity model; Semantic descriptions; Emergency services
	Abstract	Emergency, situations characterized as high consequence, low probability, and short decision time, create a unique decision-making environment that must be conscientiously supported. Historically, one of the techniques business has used to improve complex processes is a maturity model. Organizations should create the capabilities to react to information sharing needs in advance, not react an ad hoc manner to the information crisis. Based on the IT-Capability Maturity Framework (IT-CMF), we detailed some aspects of this model from an information architectural perspective to examine a country wide emergency service. Although information system and information technology (ISIT) have been emphasized in emergency management system, architectural aspects- a structure emphasized semantic description however have been of limited considerations. We propose a framework to analyzing architectural aspects for information sharing that can help improve emergency response system. The framework is discussed and exemplified with a case study. We conclude that the proposed framework provides a deeper understanding of information in use from technical and managerial aspects during emergency response. Guideline for further improvement will be the focus in our future work.
	Address	Dublin City University, Ireland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Interoperability and Standards	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1114
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	Author	Simon French; Carmen Niculae
	Title	Believe in the model: Mishandle the emergency			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	9-14
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Civil aviation; Civil defense; Decision making; Decision support systems; Disasters; Forecasting; Information systems; Risk management; Crisis management; Cynefin; Decision support system (dss); Emergency management; Model prediction; Uncertainty; Economic and social effects
	Abstract	During the past quarter century there have been many developments in scientific models and computer codes to help predict the ongoing consequences in the aftermath of many types of emergency: e.g. storms and flooding, chemical and nuclear accident, epidemics such as SARS and terrorist attack. Some of these models relate to the immediate events and can help in managing the emergency; others predict longer term impacts and thus can help shape the strategy for the return to normality. But there are many pitfalls in the way of using these models effectively. Firstly, non-scientists and, sadly, many scientists believe in the models' predictions too much. The inherent uncertainties in the models are underestimated; sometimes almost unacknowledged. This means that initial strategies may need to be revised in ways that unsettle the public, losing their trust in the emergency management process. Secondly, the output from these models form an extremely valuable input to the decision making process; but only one such input. Most emergencies are events that have huge social and economic impacts alongside the health and environmental consequences. While we can model the latter passably well, we are not so good at modelling economic impacts and very poor at modelling social impacts. Too often our political masters promise the best 'science-based' decision making and too late realise that the social and economic impacts need addressing. In this paper, we explore how model predictions should be drawn into emergency management processes in more balanced ways than often has occurred in the past. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Booth Street West, Manchester M15 6PB, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Conference Keynote	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	111
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	Author	Simon French; Nikolaos Agryris
	Title	Nuclear emergency management: Driven by precedent or international guidance?			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	483-487
	Keywords	Civil defense; Decision making; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Chernobyl; Decision makers; Fukushima accidents; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Nuclear emergencies; Safety issues; Nuclear reactor accidents
	Abstract	The NREFS project is re-evaluating the management of radiation accidents, paying attention to environmental, financial and safety issues and to the threat and response phase. In designing our project some two years ago, we were concerned to avoid any assumption that a future accident will be similar to a past accident, in particular the Chernobyl and Fukushima Accidents. After a year of research on the issues to be considered and the criteria that could or should drive the decision making, our concern has increased. We have found that international guidance provided by organisations such as ICRP and IAEA lack the specificity to help decision makers. Precedent set in the handling of earlier accidents provides much clearer and tighter guidance – and, moreover, one may feel that that the public will expect them to follow such precedent. Unfortunately the circumstances of a future accident may make precedent inapplicable. Consequently we believe that there is an urgent need to think more widely about nuclear emergency management.
	Address	University of Warwick, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	512
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	Author	Simon Jirka; Daniel Nüst; Benjamin Proß
	Title	Sensor web and web processing standards for crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	376-380
	Keywords	Information systems; Interoperability; Risk management; Standards; Emergency management; Finished products; Near real-time datum; Open geospatial consortium; Open source implementation; Sensor web; Sensor web enablement; Web processing service; World Wide Web
	Abstract	This paper introduces the latest state of the interoperable Sensor Web and Web Processing standards specified by the Open Geospatial Consortium. Based on these components it becomes possible to share, integrate and analyse observation data across political and administrative borders as well as across multiple thematic domains. We present the 52°North open source implementations of the OGC SWE and WPS standards and introduce an outlook how this technology could be applied in the field of crisis management. Thus, this paper aims at providing a perspective how currently existing technology can be combined and applied to solve problems in emergency management rather than describing an already finished product. Special consideration will be given to the combination of Sensor Web and Web Processing technology which opens up new possibilities by having near real-time data flows that can be linked on-demand to different processing services.
	Address	52 North GmbH, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Emergency Management Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	636
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	Author	Sofie Pilemalm; Tobias Andersson Granberg; Rebecca Stenberg; Anders Axelsson
	Title	Emergency response in rural areas			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Information technology; Risk management; Emergency management; Emergency response; First responders; Social capitals; Technical solutions; Rural areas
	Abstract	In this study, security and safety in rural parts of Sweden is investigated. New ways of organizing for efficient response can be found in the extended collaboration between societal sectors and in utilizing the local social capital. New categories of first responders and their requirements are identified and we propose non-technical and technical solutions as support. The results' application to large-scale crises is discussed. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Linköping university, Sweden; Swedish Rescue Services, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Special Session Mixed Methods	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	188
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	Author	Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Linda Plotnick
	Title	Dealing with information overload when using social media for emergency management: Emerging solutions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	823-827
	Keywords	Civil defense; Information systems; Natural language processing systems; Risk management; Decision making process; Emergency management; Emergency response; Information overloads; NAtural language processing; Social convention; Social media; Trending topics; Disasters
	Abstract	Several recent studies point the way to enabling emergency response managers to be able to find relevant posts and incorporate them into their sensemaking and decision making processes. Among the approaches that have improved the ability to find the most relevant information are the social conventions of creating topic groups and tags and of “retweeting;” the use of trained volunteers to filter and summarize posts for responders; automated notifications of trending topics; natural language processing of posts; techniques for identifying posts from the disaster site; and the use of GIS and crisis maps to visually represent the distribution of incidents.
	Address	NJIT, Newark NJ, United States; Jacksonville State U., AL, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Social Media	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	583
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	Author	Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Linda Plotnick; Rosalie J. Ocker
	Title	Learning about Emergency Management Information Systems through Partially Distributed Team projects			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Management information systems; Personnel training; Risk management; Constructivist learning; Distributed teams; Information and Communication Technologies; International students; PDTs; Pedagogical strategies; Software requirements; Us vs. them; Students
	Abstract	What are effective ways to train students for designing Emergency Management Information Systems and for working with distant partners on EMIS projects? This paper describes the results of a project whose goal is to assess the effectiveness of Partially Distributed Teams (PDTs) as a pedagogical strategy. A PDT is one type of distributed team, in which two or more co-located subgroups use information and communication technology to collaborate on a task. Much of emergency management involves cross-organizational and often cross-national collaboration in this form. Students need, but lack, learning experiences focused on how to work effectively in such situations. This field study involved more than 700 students from universities in eight countries, working in 80 teams on an EMIS software requirements task. Results indicate that students report positive learning experiences, with international students in international teams reporting the most positive experiences. There are also significant differences among universities.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States; Jacksonville State University, United States; Pennsylvania State University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Advanced Research Methods and Unconventional Results	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	584
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	Author	Stefan Schauer; Stefan Rass; Sandra König; Klaus Steinnocher; Thomas Schaberreiter; Gerald Quirchmayr
	Title	Cross-Domain Risk Analysis to Strengthen City Resilience: the ODYSSEUS Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	652-662
	Keywords	Risk Management; Cross-Domain Networks; Interdependencies; Stochastic Model; City Resilience; Critical Infrastructures
	Abstract	In this article, we want to present the concept for a risk management approach to assess the condition of critical infrastructure networks within metropolitan areas, their interdependencies among each other and the potential cascading effects. In contrast to existing solutions, this concept aims at providing a holistic view on the variety of interconnected networks within a city and the complex dependencies among them. Therefore, stochastic models and simulations are integrated into risk management to improve the assessment of cascading effects and support decision makers in crisis situations. This holistic view will allow risk managers at the city administration as well as emergency organizations to understand the full consequences of an incident and plan mitigation actions accordingly. Additionally, the approach will help to further strengthen the resilience of the entire city as well as the individual critical infrastructures in crisis situations.
	Address	AIT Austrian Institute of Technology; Alpen-Adria Universit\"at Klagenfurt; AIT Austrian Institute of Technology;AIT Austrian Institute of Technology;University of Vienna; University of Vienna
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-60	ISBN	2411-3446	Medium
	Track	Resilience in Critical Infrastructures	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	stefan.schauer@ait.ac.at			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2261
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	Author	Stephen C. Fortier
	Title	Developing an incident response process model for chemical facilities			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	941-950
	Keywords	Chemical industry; Emergency services; Hazards; Human resource management; Information systems; Information technology; Requirements engineering; Risk management; Business process modelling; Chemical facility; Emergency management; Emergency response; Hazardous substances; Incident response; Chemical plants
	Abstract	This research project investigated the incident response mechanism used by the chemical industry for handling extremely hazardous chemicals. The mechanism was described as the policies, procedures, practices, tools, and methods used to conduct incident response. The results from the study determined what technologies, specifically software and information systems, could be utilized to improve the chemical facility incident response mechanism. The chemical industry is responsible for process safety management at all of its facilities, especially those that have off-site consequences in the event of an unplanned release. The processes and procedures of local, regional and national emergency responders have been studied thoroughly. An area of research that is lacking is the study of incident response policies and procedures within the boundaries of a chemical site. Results of the analysis determined that the chemical industry, in general, does not take advantage of available information technology when responding to unplanned releases.
	Address	George Washington University, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	502
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	Author	Stephen E. Hannestad
	Title	Incident command system: A developing national standard of incident management in the U.S			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	19-28
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Information dissemination; Intelligent control; Risk management; Students; Emergency management; Emergency response management; Graduate students; Incident command systems; Incident Management; Information gathering; National standard; Organizational structures; Information management
	Abstract	This paper is a critical examination of the U.S. Incident Command System (“ICS”) as an organizational structure and information gathering tool for emergency management from the perspective of a career emergency management officer who became a graduate student in information management following 35 years of public service. In addition to examining the ICS, and assessing its current weaknesses in the area of information management, the paper proposes a low-cost, COTS approach to automating the ICS information gathering and dissemination process.
	Address	Center for Information Policy, College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGN	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	559
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	Author	Steven C. Way
	Title	Information requirements for context-aware multi-agency real-time coordination during crisis response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Coordination; Coordination systems; Crisis response; Crisis response systems; Emergency medical services; Grounded theory; Information requirement; Multi agencies; Behavioral research
	Abstract	Most information systems (IS) research into emergency management (EM) consists of case studies of prior disasters, social behavior research, and planning or preparedness research. This study fills a gap in EM and IS research as it aims to better understand the nature of coordination during crisis response; investigate the functions and capabilities of existing coordination systems; and identify the desired functions to manage multi-agency coordination response. Grounded theory is the methodology adopted for this study. Firsthand interview and observational data will be collected from agency command centers, ride-outs with police, fire, and emergency medical services (EMS) agencies, and from multi-agency training exercises. This study is expected to make a theoretical contribution to crisis response system design as it will develop a theory to better understand the information requirements for context-aware multi-agency real-time coordination responses to crises.
	Address	McMaster University, Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Advanced Research Methods and Unconventional Results	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1072
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	Author	Steven Curnin; Christine Owen
	Title	A typology to facilitate multi-agency coordination			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	115-119
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Boundary spanning; Diagnostic tools; Emergency management; Information and communication systems; Inter-organizational; Multi agencies; Organizational boundaries; Situation awareness; Risk management
	Abstract	Multi-agency coordination in emergency management presents many challenges. Agencies that normally operate independently have to assemble into a unified supra organization to achieve a common goal. To achieve successful multi-agency coordination organizations need to span organizational boundaries and provide linkages with multiple agencies. This requires interorganizational compatibility of information and communication systems. Necessary for this success are the stakeholders responsible for facilitating these organizational boundary spanning activities. This paper proposes that the preliminary research findings can create a typology of dimensions crucial to facilitating multi-agency emergency management coordination. It is envisaged that the typology will culminate into a diagnostic tool that will enable stakeholders to examine the breakdowns and successes of multi-agency emergency management coordination.
	Address	University of Tasmania, Australia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Coordination and Collaboration	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	419
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	Author	Sukumar Dwarkanath; Denis Gusty
	Title	Information sharing: A strategic approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Interoperability; Risk management; Standards; Assessment methodologies; Emergency management; Emergency response; Information exchanges; Information sharing; Roadmap; Strategic approaches; Information analysis
	Abstract	The purpose of this paper is to provide and recommend a strategic approach for implementation of information sharing initiatives. While such an approach offers a number of benefits, as a primary benefit, it provides a way to measure and monitor the performance of such initiatives, irrespective of their scope, whether they are regional, state, or federal efforts. The first section of the paper presents a framework for alignment among information sharing initiatives; the second section builds on this framework and outlines a roadmap for an assessment methodology for such initiatives.
	Address	Touchstone Consulting Group, United States; US Department of Homeland Security, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Standardisation and Ontologies	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	463
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	Author	Susanne Kubisch; Johanna Stötzer; Sina Keller; María Bull; Andreas Braun
	Title	Combining a social science approach and GIS-based simulation to analyse evacuation in natural disasters: A case study in the Chilean community of Talcahuano			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Interdisciplinary approach, case study, evacuation, tsunami, recommendations disaster risk management
	Abstract	In rapid-onset disasters the time needed for evacuation is crucial. Aside from the behaviour of the population, the road network plays a fundamental role. It serves as a medium to reach a safe area. This study analyses the entire evacuation process, from decision-making up to the arrival at an evacuation zone by combining standardised questionnaires and GIS-based simulation. Based on a case study in the Chilean community of Talcahuano, an event-based past scenario and a hypothetical future scenario is investigated, integrating the affected population in the research process. The main problem identified in past evacuations has been time delay due to congestions, which also is evident in the results of the hypothetical future scenario. A result which supports evacuation by foot. This paper argues that a combination of scientific methods is essential for analysing evacuation and to reduce the risk due to time delay, critical route and transport medium choice.
	Address	Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany;Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T7- Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1877
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	Author	Svend-Jonas Schelhorn; Benjamin Herfort; Richard Leiner; Alexander Zipf; João Porto De Albuquerque
	Title	Identifying elements at risk from OpenStreetMap: The case of flooding			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	508-512
	Keywords	Hazards; Information systems; Risk assessment; Risk management; Elements at risks; OpenStreetMap; Osm; Vgi; Volunteered geographic information; Floods
	Abstract	The identification of elements at risk is an essential part in hazard risk assessment. Especially for recurring natural hazards like floods, an updated database with information about elements exposed to such hazards is fundamental to support crisis preparedness and response activities. However, acquiring and maintaining an up-to-date database with elements at risk requires both detailed local and hazard-specific knowledge, being often a challenge for local communities and risk management bodies. We present a new approach for leveraging Volunteered Geographic Information to identify elements at risk from the free and open-source mapping project OpenStreetMap. We present initial results from a case study in the city of Cologne, Germany, to validate our approach in the case of flood-hazard. Our results show that the identification of elements at flood risk from OpenStreetMap is a suitable and cost-effective alternative for supporting local governments and communities in risk assessment and emergency planning.
	Address	GIScience Department, Heidelberg University, Germany; Leiner and Wolff GmbH, Germany; Dept. of Computer Systems, Univ. of Sao Paulo, Brazil
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	920
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	Author	Teresa Onorati; Alessio Malizia; Paloma Díaz; Ignacio Aedo
	Title	Interaction design for web emergency management information systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Civil defense; Decision support systems; Disasters; Life cycle; Risk management; Decision supports; Design Methodology; Design Principles; Emergency management; Information interaction; Interaction design; Interaction points; Interactive properties; Information management
	Abstract	The interaction design for web emergency management information systems (WEMIS) is an important aspect to keep in mind due to the criticality of the domain: decision making, updating available resources, defining a task list, trusting in proposed information. A common interaction design strategy for WEMIS seems to be needed but currently there are few references in literature. Our aim is to contribute to this lack with a set of interactive principles for WEMIS. From the emergency point of view, existing WEMIS have been analyzed to extract common features and to design interaction principles for emergency. Furthermore, we studied design principles extracted from the Turoff's model relating them to emergency phases and features. In particular, in this paper, we choose to follow the current trend in the definition of emergency life cycles. In our approach, referring to general policies in literature, the emergency management process is divided into two different sub cycles: back-end and front-end. From the interaction point of view, a formalization process based on the interactive PIE model has been defined. The result we propose here is a set of design principles for supporting interactive properties for WEMIS.
	Address	Departamento de Informática, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Human-Computer Interaction	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	814
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	Author	Theo Dirk Meijler; Frank Nietzold
	Title	Light-weight model-based realization of a B2B protocol and a SOA integration engine			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Civil defense; Communication; Disasters; Engines; Information services; Information systems; Integration; Interoperability; Management information systems; Ontology; Risk management; Service oriented architecture (SOA); B2b; Emergency management; Emergency management systems; Light weight; Messages; Messaging protocols; State transitions; Human resource management
	Abstract	In emergency management, communication between the emergency management team and the outer world is essential. When using an emergency management system, such communication is often IT-based. To disburden the emergency management team, structured “B2B” messages may be used that correspond to the (foreseen) lifecycle of relevant entities in the emergency, such as threats and measures. The paper introduces an approach for the realization of a B2B messaging protocol and the corresponding integration engine, which maps message content to service calls, in the context of an emergency management system. The approach is light-weight and model-based, as protocols and integration engine are based on merely modeling the states and state transitions of objects in the system representing essential entities in the emergency. As the model is described in non-technical terms, this can be done by a non-IT expert.
	Address	SAP Research Dresden, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Interoperability and Standards	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	760
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	Author	Theo Van Ruijven
	Title	Serious games as experiments for emergency management research: A review			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Computer supported cooperative work; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Virtual reality; Case study research; Emergency management; Experimental research; External validities; Serious games; Virtual technology; Civil defense
	Abstract	Serious games and virtual environments are increasingly used for emergency management training and research. The development of these technologies seems to contribute to a solution to some problems in the existing literature on emergency management which is mainly based on case study research. However, using virtual technology for research also introduces new difficulties. This paper describes the advantages and drawbacks of using serious games for research and reviews eight recently published studies that make use of virtual environments. The review focuses on the external validity of serious games as this is a challenging issues for research that involves virtual environments. The paper concludes with some recommendations to increase the external validity of future research with serious games.
	Address	Policy, Organization, Law and Gaming Group, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Advanced Research Methods and Unconventional Results	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1044
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	Author	Therese Friberg; Benedikt Birkhäuser; Jens Pottebaum; Rainer Koch
	Title	Using scenarios for the identification of real-world events in an event-based system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Requirements engineering; Risk management; Engineering process; Event trace; Real-world; Sequence diagrams; Use cases; User centered designs; Software architecture
	Abstract	This work focuses on the requirements engineering process of an event-based system in the domain of emergency management. The goal is to identify events which occur and have an effect on the actions and decision making during an operation. We outline a case study to apply scenario-based requirements engineering processes to describe and identify events. Under the special circumstances of the case study one important result is the need of integrating multiple sources into the scenario generation activities due to the singular characteristics of many operations.
	Address	Universität Paderborn, C.I.K., Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Special Session: Response Information Systems Requirement Engineering and Evaluation	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	514
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	Author	Thomas Bader; Andreas Meissner; Rolf Tscherney
	Title	Digital Map Table with Fovea-Tablett®: Smart furniture for emergency operation centers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	679-688
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Disasters; Risk management; Cscw; Disaster management; Gesture-based interaction; Multi-display environments; Tabletop; Information systems
	Abstract	During large-scale crisis events special emergency management structures are put in place in order to execute administrative-strategic and/or technical-tactical functions for potentially large geographical areas. The adequacy of information systems and the communication capabilities within such management structures largely determine the quality of situation awareness and are thus crucial for the effectiveness and efficiency of the emergency managers' work. In this field, this paper makes a threefold contribution: In the first part we provide a description of the organizational structure and the tasks in an emergency operation center (EOC) from a practitioner's perspective. Based on this primer, in the second part we propose four guidelines which help to design human-computer interfaces, especially adequate smart room technology, for this domain. Third, we present a system we designed along these guidelines. We specifically discuss the introduction of a Digital Map Table with Fovea-Tablett® into an EOC as “smart furniture” supporting both team and individual work.
	Address	Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany; Fraunhofer-Institut für Informations-und Datenverarbeitung, Germany; Berufsfeuerwehr Leverkusen, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Visualization and Smart Room Technology for Decision Making, Information Sharing, and Collaboration	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	282
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	Author	Thomas Bernoulli; Gerald Glanzer; Thomas Wiebflecker; Ulrich Walder
	Title	Infrastructurless indoor positioning system for first responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Underground structures; Units of measurement; Disaster management; Emergency management; Global Navigation Satellite Systems; Indoor positioning; Indoor positioning systems; Inertial measurement unit; Inertial navigations; Position estimates; Human resource management
	Abstract	To overview the site of operation in case of an emergency is crucial for effective emergency management. This is a difficult task, in particular within large buildings or underground structures. Information about the whereabouts of the staff is a key element of effective disaster management. This paper presents an indoor positioning system which is able to track and locate people within buildings independent of any infrastructure (global navigation satellite system, WLAN installations, etc.). The system is based on inertial measurement units computing the track of its wearer and a component verifying this position estimates using floor plans of the building. This novel approach allows robust tracking and locating of action forces within buildings and underground structures.
	Address	Graz University of Technology, Austria
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Geo-Information Support	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	314
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	Author	Thomas Münzberg; Ulrich Berbner; Tina Comes; Hanno Friedrich; Wendelin Groß; Hans-Christian Pfohl; Frank Schultmann
	Title	Decision support for critical infrastructure disruptions: An integrated approach to secure food supply			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	312-316
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Supply chains; Decision supports; Disaster management; Expert assessment; Integrated approach; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Multicriteria decision support; Supply chain risk management; Supply disruption; Food supply
	Abstract	Supplies of food and water are essential in disaster management, particularly in the very early chaotic phases when demand and available resources are highly uncertain, information systems are disrupted, and communication between communities, food suppliers, retail and emergency authorities is difficult. As many actors and organisations are involved in ever more complex food supply chains, cooperation and collaboration are vital for efficient and effective disaster management. To support decision-makers facing these problems, this paper introduces a scenario-based approach that integrates simulation of disruptions in food supply chains, and qualitative expert assessment to develop consistent scenarios that show the consequences of different strategies. To choose the best individual measures for all relevant actors and to compare it with the best overall strategy approaches from multi-criteria decision analysis are used.
	Address	Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies, Germany; Supply Chain and Network Management, TU Darmstadt, Germany; Institute for Industrial Production, Germany; Department of Commercial Transport, Institute of Traffic and Transport, Germany; 4flow AG, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	797
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	Author	Tiago Badre Marino; Bruno Santos Do Nascimento; Marcos R. S. Borges
	Title	GIS supporting data gathering and fast decision making in emergencies situations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Geographic information systems; Information systems; Landslides; Mobile devices; Mobile telecommunication systems; Risk management; Telecommunication networks; Wireless networks; Data gathering; Data Sharing; Disaster areas; Emergency management; Field assessment; Latin America; Online registration; Web database; Disasters
	Abstract	This proposal rises from the Center for Disasters Scientific Support experience over eleven years supporting over a hundred disasters in Latin America. It also presents a case study applied to landslides assessments in Teresopolis (Brazil) city, when all field-generated knowledge was still registered in paper and later, at the base station, uploaded to database and finally available for managers evaluation and decision. The proposed methodology creates a platform (still under development) which allows online registration from different field agents during their evaluations enabling data upload combining mobile devices and telecommunication network (or Wi-Fi) technologies. Teams can also customize forms for different information classes (i.e. landslide assessment, rescued person, blocked road) and still retain the possibility to attach images, videos, other files related to each inspection. Incoming data are stored into a web database available for a real-time coordinators evaluation wherever they are (sometimes over a thousand of miles away from disaster area). Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Geographic Information Science and Technology	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	163
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	Author	Tilo Mentler
	Title	Applying Usability Engineering to Interactive Systems for Crisis and Disaster Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	929-938
	Keywords	Usability Engineering; Risk Management; Medical Devices; User-Centered System Design
	Abstract	Crisis and disaster management are increasingly characterized by interactive systems intended to be valuable support for professionals and volunteers in preventing, preparing for, responding to and recovering from major incidents and accidents. Therefore, usability in terms of safe and efficient usage of computer-based solutions becomes a crucial factor for successful crisis and disaster management. In order to ensure usability, it has to be addressed systematically throughout any development process. In this paper, established engineering approaches to crisis and disaster management systems are summarized. Subsequently, resemblances (e.g. diversity of users and devices) and differences (e.g. scalability) between safety-critical contexts of medical device design and crisis management are outlined. Following this, recommendations for applying usability engineering processes to disaster management are derived from standards and guidelines according to medical device design (IEC 62366-1:2015, ISO 14971:2007). Particularly, relationships and interactions between usability engineering and risk managements measures (e.g. hazard-related use scenarios) are described.
	Address	Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems (IMIS), University of Luebeck, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Prevention and Preparation	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2077
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	Author	Tim J. Grant
	Title	Checklist for comparing emergency management information systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	752-763
	Keywords	Benchmarking; Civil defense; Disasters; Risk management; Software architecture; Battlefield management system; Control centre; Diverse domains; Emergency management; Emergency management systems; Process Modeling; Royal netherlands armies; Situation awareness; Management information systems
	Abstract	This paper describes a checklist that has been developed for comparing the functionality of emergency management control centres and their information systems. The intention is to interest the ISCRAM community in using the checklist in various applications and pooling experiences. The Control Centre Visit Checklist has evolved through four iterations. It has been used to study two military C2 systems and one non-military control system, and has been applied by students for course assignments. The paper focuses on the part of the checklist that evaluates the information system from the systems viewpoint. It describes the underlying applications architecture and process model. The Royal Netherlands Army's Battlefield Management System illustrates the application of the checklist. The results show that the checklist aids in identifying where C2 systems can be developed further. The next step is to perform a set of substantial pilot studies for diverse domains, including civilian emergency management systems.
	Address	Netherlands Defence Academy, P.O. Box 90.002, 4800PA Breda, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Studies of Command and Control Systems	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	117
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