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	Author	Alkusaibati, W.; Pilemalm, S.
	Title	Digitalized Co-production and Volunteerism in Emergency Response: a Literature Review			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	738-750
	Keywords	Digital; Co-Production; Volunteers; Emergency Response; Crisis Response
	Abstract	ICT-enabled or digitalized co-production of public services has become increasingly relevant to emergency response and crisis management. This study provides a literature review on this phenomenon, exploring both large-scale crises and frequent emergencies. We found that research in the domain is scarce and focuses mainly on the phenomenon in terms of digital volunteerism. In large-scale crises, they mostly refer to spontaneous forms of volunteering, and in smaller emergencies, to more organized volunteers that collaborate with a response organization over time. Similarities to digitalized co-production in the public sector generally include financial, administrative, ICT, and demographic factors. Differences include, e.g., aspects of coordination, support, and processing by formal actors. We argue that there are benefits of adding a theoretical co-production perspective to digital volunteerism in emergency response and that our literature review can guide future research on models and (the double) use of volunteers in both kinds of emergencies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	979-8-218-21749-5	Medium
	Track	Volunteers in Crisis Management/Emergency Response	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ARQO2281			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2562
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	Author	Amanda Hughes; Keri Stephens; Steve Peterson; Hemant Purohit; Anastazja G. Harris; Yasas Senarath; S. Ashley Jarvis; Carolyn E. Montagnolo; Karim Nader
	Title	Human-AI Teaming for COVID-19 Response: A Practice & Research Collaboration Case Study			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1048-1057
	Keywords	Research; practice; crisis informatics; digital volunteers
	Abstract	Practice and research collaborations in the disaster domain have the potential to improve emergency management practices while also advancing disaster science theory. However, they also pose challenges as practitioners and researchers each have their own culture, history, values, incentives, and processes that do not always facilitate collaboration. In this paper, we reflect on a 6-month practice and research collaboration, where researchers and practitioners worked together to craft a social media monitoring system for emergency managers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The challenges we encountered in this project fall into two broad categories, job-related and timescale challenges. Using prior research on team science as a guide, we discuss several challenges we encountered in these two categories and show how our team sought to overcome them. We conclude with a set of best practices for improving practice and research collaborations.
	Address	Brigham Young University; University of Texas – Austin; National Institutes of Health; George Mason University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2470
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	Author	Antony Galton; Michael Worboys
	Title	An ontology of information for emergency management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Ontology; Common operating pictures; Emergency management; Human volunteers; Information; Information integration; Integration problems; Risk management
	Abstract	The next generation of information systems for emergency management will be based on information provided by large and diverse collections of sensors, including information supplied by human volunteers. Consequently there is more than ever a need to provide solutions to the integration question, so that the Common Operating Picture can truly and effectively provide the unified view required of it. This paper describes some work on the ontology of information that can contribute to a solution of the integration problem. To set the stage, the paper discusses the relevance of information integration to emergency management, and then goes on to describe a project that provided the catalyst for this work. Later sections introduce ontological research and proceed to use it to lay the foundations for an ontology of information. In the final sections we indicate how such an ontology can be used in the context of emergency management.
	Address	University of Exeter, United Kingdom; University of Maine, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Interoperability and Standards	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	518
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	Author	Betke, H.; Bosse, M.; Sackmann, S.; Reusch, C.
	Title	Towards a Taxonomy for Classification of Coordination Systems for Spontaneous Volunteers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	751-760
	Keywords	Spontaneous Volunteers; Unaffiliated Volunteers; Taxonomy; Coordination System; Volunteer Management
	Abstract	Spontaneous volunteers have always been a relevant factor in disaster management. Digitalization and modern technologies such as social media and mobile devices had a great impact on the quality of spontaneous volunteer engagement and their mobilization. However, their targeted integration into official disaster management measures remains often challenging. In the last decade, there were different scientific and practical approaches to develop information systems for coordination of spontaneous volunteers addressing different scopes and scenarios. In this article, we have analyzed the current state of the art and use a methodological approach to develop a taxonomy for classifying existing and emerging developments in the field. The taxonomy is intended to assist practitioners in selecting appropriate systems for their respective purposes as well as support researchers in identifying research gaps. The resulting research artifact has undergone an initial evaluation and can support maintaining a better overview in a growing subject area.
	Address	Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems/ Fraunhofer Center for the Security of Socio-Technical Systems; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Volunteers in Crisis Management/Emergency Response	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/BVKT8553			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2563
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	Author	Bjørn Erik Munkvold; Mats Flaten; Robin P. Nguyen
	Title	Volunteers? Perceptions of the Use of Social Media in Emergency Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2015
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Emergency Management; monitoring; social media; volunteers; VOST
	Abstract	The paper presents the results of interviews with representatives from Norwegian emergency management volunteer organizations on their current use of social media and their perception of the potential for extended use of social media in their operations. Our study shows that social media is currently mainly used for information to the public and for internal communication. The informants expressed some reluctance towards the concept of virtual operations support teams, and using social media to collect information from the public. Yet, based on the possible benefits reported in the literature from studies of early adopters of digital volunteer groups, we argue in this paper for establishing a similar service at the regional level in Norway that can support the local volunteer organizations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Agder (UiA)	Place of Publication	Kristiansand, Norway	Editor	L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9788271177881	Medium
	Track	Practitioner Cases and Practitioner-Centered Research	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1265
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	Author	Christian Reuter; Oliver Heger; Volkmar Pipek
	Title	Combining real and virtual volunteers through social media			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	780-790
	Keywords	Disasters; Emergency services; Information systems; Professional aspects; Software prototyping; Collaboration; Collaborative resilience; Emergent groups; Social media; Volunteers; Social networking (online)
	Abstract	Recent studies have called attention to the improvement of “collaborative resilience” by fostering the collaboration potentials of public and private stakeholders during disasters. With our research we consider real and virtual volunteers in order to detect conditions for cooperation among those citizen groups through social media. Therefore we analysed the usage of Twitter during a tornado crisis to look for role patterns and aspects that helped volunteer groups in the virtual to emerge, and matched the data with an interview study on experiences, attitudes, concerns and potentials professional emergency services recounted in the emergence of volunteer groups in the real. While virtual groups seem to easily form and collaborate, the engagement of real volunteers is decreasing according to the perception of professionals. We discuss the dynamics in both tendencies and suggest design implications (use of existing social networks, promotion and awareness, connection among volunteers, connection to emergency services and systems) to support both types of volunteer groups, which lead to a software prototype.
	Address	Institute for Information Systems, University of Siegen, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Social Media	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	874
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	Author	Daniel Auferbauer; Roman Ganhör; Hilda Tellioglu
	Title	Opportunistic Affiliation in Spontaneous Volunteer Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Crisis and disaster management, spontaneous volunteers, command and control, volunteer management
	Abstract	Spontaneous volunteers influence crisis and disaster relief efforts as both an effective aid and a stressing factor for emergency organisations. Managing the negative impacts of spontaneous volunteering has thus become part of command and control deliberations. In this paper, we take a closer look at integrating spontaneous volunteers into the formal response system to mitigate negative impacts. Working with participants from formal response organisations, we gathered qualitative data regarding the management of spontaneous volunteers during the European migration crisis in 2015. Through thematic analysis, we extracted topics to systematically describe the interaction between emergency organisations and spontaneous volunteers. As implication thereof, we propose how computer supported systems can be applied to better manage spontaneous volunteers. In our discussion, we focus on the registration process and ad hoc verification of spontaneous volunteers to better integrate them in the formal response process.
	Address	AIT Austrian Institute of Technology;TU Wien
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T2- Command and control studies	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1866
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	Author	Daniel Auferbauer; Roman Ganhör; Hilda Tellioglu
	Title	Moving Towards Crowd Tasking for Disaster Mitigation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2015
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	community management; crisis informatics; Crowd tasking; resilience; volunteers
	Abstract	Advancements in information and communication technology (ICT) offer new possibilities when dealing with crisis situations. In this paper we present the design for a crowd tasking tool (CTT) that is currently under development. We describe how the tool can assist disaster relief coordinators during a crisis by selectively distributing tasks to a crowd of volunteers. We also compare the CTT with an already existing ICT based solution for supporting volunteerism during crisis. The differences between these two tools are addressed and the implications for volunteerism are discussed. The paper concludes with an outlook on future work emphasizing a form of volunteer involvement that offers potential for gathering information that is more relevant and easier to digest for decision-making than information provided solely by self-organised volunteers through social media.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Agder (UiA)	Place of Publication	Kristiansand, Norway	Editor	L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9788271177881	Medium
	Track	Community Engagement	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1275
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	Author	Daniel Auferbauer; Roman Ganhör; Hilda Tellioglu; Jasmin Pielorz
	Title	Crowdtasking: Field Study on a Crowdsourcing Alternative			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Crowdtasking; Volunteers; Community Management; Field Study; Crisis Informatics
	Abstract	In this paper we elaborate on the concept of crowdtasking as a form of crowdsourcing. The paper describes the setup and boundaries of a first controlled live field test of a prototypical implementation of a possible crowdtasking workflow. The implemented workflow allows crisis managers rapid intelligence gathering due to direct and tailored task distribution. Practitioners of Crisis and Disaster Management and volunteer managers who were present during the field test made favourable comments on the approach and its implementation. The analysis of the records and the conducted interviews give new insights and ideas for further development.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3388	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-9	Medium
	Track	Community Engagement and Practitioner Studies	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1408
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	Author	Denis Havlik; Jasmin Pielorz; Adam Widera
	Title	Interaction with citizens experiments: from context-aware alerting to crowdtasking			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Crisis Management; Unaffiliated Volunteers; Decision Support; Crowdsourcing; Micro-Learning; Crowdtasking; Micro-Tasking; Personalized Alerting
	Abstract	The EU FP7 project DRIVER is conducting a number of experiments to assess the feasibility of addressing known deficiencies in crisis management. In this paper, we introduce experiments that investigate two-way communication solutions between crisis managers and citizens or unaffiliated volunteers. In the so-called ?Interaction with Citizens? experiments we are testing the usability and acceptance of the various methods and tools that facilitate crisis communication at several levels. This includes: informing and alerting of citizens; micro-tasking of volunteers; gathering of situational information about the crisis incident from volunteers; and usage of this information to improve situation awareness. At the time of writing this paper, our ?Interaction with Citizens? experiments are still under way. Therefore, this paper reports the lessons learned in the first two experiments along with the experimental setup and expectations for the final experiment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3388	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-9	Medium
	Track	Community Engagement and Practitioner Studies	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1409
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	Author	Elina Ramsell; Sofie Pilemalm; Tobias Andersson Granberg
	Title	Using Volunteers for Emergency Response in Rural Areas – Network Collaboration Factors and IT support in the Case of Enhanced Neighbors			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	985-995
	Keywords	Emergency response; IT suppor; volunteers; policy network collaboration
	Abstract	In public services, there is a trend to increasingly utilize collaborations with non-professional volunteers for certain tasks, one example being emergency response. In many of these collaborations, information technology (IT) is an essential tool, and inadequate IT support can have far-reaching consequences--including even the loss of lives. Since a volunteer is a different type of actor, and may have different technical requirements, compared to professionals, there is a need to explore how collaborations between professionals and volunteers can be successfully developed. This paper is based on a case study of the Enhanced Neighbor project, which uses volunteers as first responders in emergency response. The study highlights important factors to consider when involving volunteers, including how IT can foster the collaboration, and the volunteers' needs for IT support.
	Address	Linköping University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Response and Recovery	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2082
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	Author	Gerhard Rauchecker; Guido Schryen
	Title	Decision Support for the Optimal Coordination of Spontaneous Volunteers in Disaster Relief			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	69-82
	Keywords	Coordination of spontaneous volunteers, volunteer coordination system, decision support, scheduling optimization model, linear programming
	Abstract	When responding to natural disasters, professional relief units are often supported by many volunteers which are not affiliated to humanitarian organizations. The effective coordination of these volunteers is crucial to leverage their capabilities and to avoid conflicts with professional relief units. In this paper, we empirically identify key requirements that professional relief units pose on this coordination. Based on these requirements, we suggest a decision model. We computationally solve a real-world instance of the model and empirically validate the computed solution in interviews with practitioners. Our results show that the suggested model allows for solving volunteer coordination tasks of realistic size near-optimally within short time, with the determined solution being well accepted by practitioners. We also describe in this article how the suggested decision support model is integrated in the volunteer coordination system, which we develop in joint cooperation with a disaster management authority and a software development company.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2091
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	Author	Hans Julius Betke
	Title	A Volunteer Coordination System Approach for Crisis Committees			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	786-795
	Keywords	spontaneous volunteers, coordination system, prototype demonstration
	Abstract	In disaster situations security authorities and organizations have the responsibility and duty to manage the disaster response. These organizations work in elaborated command and control structures with well trained employees. But in recent events, supported by new technologies like social media and mobile devices, spontaneous volunteers from the local population gained new importance as helpful force in disaster response. The high amount of volunteers bears high potentials to improve the efficiency of several activities through pure manpower. However, these people are not integrated in existing structures and lack a proper qualification. The proper coordination of spontaneous volunteers poses new challenges for disaster authorities. In this paper we introduce the prototype of a novel information system enabling crisis committees to coordinate spontaneous volunteers by semi-automated purposive communication and allocation. The results of first staff exercises are discussed to emphasize potential benefits and open challenges.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2151
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	Author	Lise Ann St. Denis; Amanda Hughes
	Title	Crisis Cleanup: Creating a Virtual Command Post to Support Relief Organizations on the Ground			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	935-941
	Keywords	VOAD, Disaster recovery, disaster volunteers, volunteer coordination
	Abstract	We report on an initial assessment of a grassroots tool developed within the Volunteer Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD) community to support the coordination of efforts between the diverse network of relief organizations on the ground following a disaster. We look first at the problems that led to its development and the volunteer principles embodied in the tool. We then present an overview of the primary workflows and processes used to capture and manage work orders within this system. We discuss some of the benefits of centralized coordination of work across this network, opportunities for future growth, and some of the barriers that are inhibiting further growth of this tool. Finally, we conclude with opportunities for future research.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Designing for Resilience	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2165
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	Author	Lise Ann St. Denis; Amanda L. Hughes; Leysia Palen
	Title	Trial by fire: The deployment of trusted digital volunteers in the 2011 shadow lake fire			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Lakes; Risk management; Crisis informatics; Digital volunteers; Emergency management; Social media; Trusted volunteers; Human resource management
	Abstract	We report on the use of a team of trusted digital volunteers during the 2011 Shadow Lake Fire that occurred in the US Pacific Northwest to extend the social media capacity of a Type I incident management team. In this case study, we outline the tools and processes used by this virtual team to coordinate their activities, monitor social media communication and to establish communications with the public around the event. Finally, we discuss the potential merits and limitations of implementing a team of trusted volunteers and explore how this idea could be incorporated into emergency management organizations. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	ATLAS, Project EPIC, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Computer Science, Project EPIC, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Social Media and Collaborative Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	207
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	Author	Lise Ann St. Denis; Leysia Palen; Kenneth M. Anderson
	Title	Mastering social media: An analysis of Jefferson County's communications during the 2013 Colorado floods			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	737-746
	Keywords	Floods; Human resource management; Information science; Information systems; Risk management; Crisis informatics; Emergency management; Public information; Social media; Trusted volunteers; Social networking (online)
	Abstract	We report on the social media communications and work practices of the Jefferson County Type III Incident Management Team during the September 2013 Colorado Floods. In this case study, we examine flood-related communications across three platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and the team's blog for insight into how this innovative team coordinated their communications to meet the information needs of a community outside of the media spotlight. Using a mixed method approach of interviews and social media content analysis, we describe their online behaviors in relation to the needs of the emergency response as a whole. We report on adaptations to their work practice that allowed them to extend traditional communications with social media to create an integrated communication plan. Finally, we look to the team's experiences for direction in how to use social media in emergencies generally.
	Address	ATLAS, Project EPIC, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Computer Science, Project EPIC, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Social Media in Crisis Response and Management	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	969
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	Author	Pooneh Mousavi; Cody Buntain
	Title	“Please Donate for the Affected”: Supporting Emergency Managers in Finding Volunteers and Donations in Twitter Across Disasters			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	605-622
	Keywords	social media; crisis in formatics; volunteers; donations; emergency support functions
	Abstract	Despite the outpouring of social support posted to social media channels in the aftermath of disaster, finding and managing content that can translate into community relief, donations, volunteering, or other recovery support is difficult due to the lack of sufficient annotated data around volunteerism. This paper outlines three experiments to alleviate these difficulties. First, we estimate to what degree volunteerism content from one crisis is transferable to another by evaluating the consistency of language in volunteer-and donation-related social media content across 78 disasters. Second it introduces methods for providing computational support in this emergency support function and developing semi-automated models for classifying volunteer-and donation-related social media content in new disaster events. Results show volunteer-and donation-related social media content is sufficiently similar across disasters and disaster types to warrant transferring models across disasters, and we evaluate simple resampling techniques for tuning these models. We then introduce and evaluate a weak-supervision approach to integrate domain knowledge from emergency response officers with machine learningmodelstoimproveclassification accuracy andacceleratethisemergencysupportinnewevents. This method helps to overcome the scarcity in data that we observe related to volunteer-and donation-related social media content.
	Address	University of Maryland, College Park; University of Maryland, College Park
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2442
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	Author	Robin Batard; Aurélie Montarnal; Frédérick Benaben; Caroline Rizza; Christophe Prieur; Andrea Tapia
	Title	Integrating citizen initiatives in a technological platform for collaborative crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Citizens, Volunteers, Integration, IT Solution
	Abstract	Although they can make a significant contribution to crisis response and management, citizens tend to be underestimated and under-integrated by official crisis responders. There is a necessity to take citizen contribution into crisis management tools, both for the information they can provide (information-focused volunteers) and the actions they can carry out (action-focused volunteers). Therefore, professionals need to be aware of the diverse ways citizens can help them to manage a critical situation: obviously by improving the situational awareness, but also by spontaneously performing tasks to meet specific needs on the ground. After presenting the RIO-Suite software, a crisis management tool based on collaboration of stakeholders, this paper suggests ideas about how to make the most of action-focused volunteers to improve the orchestration of the crisis response. Given a volunteer action, four possible decision types are identified: Ignore, Stop, Consider and Support, and their consequences on 1) the crisis response and 2) the collaboration process are presented.
	Address	Telecom ParisTech;IMT Mines Albi;The Pennsylvania State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T15- Open Track	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1993
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	Author	Robin Batard; Caroline Rizza; Aurélie Montarnal; Frédérick Bénaben; Christophe Prieur
	Title	Taxonomy of post-impact volunteerism types to improve citizen integration into crisis response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Citizens, Volunteers, Taxonomy, Social Media, Citizen Integration
	Abstract	Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), and particularly Social Media, drastically changed communication channels and organization during a crisis response. In this context, new forms of citizen initiatives appear, contributing to situational awareness, providing new profiles of stakeholders and broadening the scope of volunteerism in disaster situations. Thus, given the increasing need to understand and take citizen initiatives into account, this article provides a taxonomy of volunteerism types in crisis contexts, based on a literature review on the subject. Mapped on two main dimensions: the status (who they are) and the focus (what they are doing), multiple types of volunteers are presented on this taxonomy. Then, the article deals with possible use of this taxonomy towards integration of citizen initiatives into the crisis response.
	Address	Telecom ParisTech;IMT Mines Albi
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T11- Community Engagement & Healthcare Systems	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1968
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	Author	Robin Batard; Frederick Benaben; Aurélie Montarnal; Christophe Prieur; Caroline Rizza
	Title	Ethical, Legal and Social considerations surrounding the use of social media by citizens during Hurricane Irma in Cuba			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	268-275
	Keywords	ELSI, Social Media, Volunteers, Citizens, Hurricane Irma
	Abstract	While Hurricane Irma struck the Cuban Southern coasts, thousands of tourists were evacuated from this area and relocated in the Varadero peninsula. In a couple of days, all means for families and friends to connect with the tourists were down, leaving them without any information about the on-site situation. This paper focuses on the volunteer citizens' initiative to take advantage of social media, to enhance their own situational awareness in Varadero area, supporting fellow citizens to identify and localize their relatives. In particular, two Facebook groups that were created at the time are analyzed and their messages' content and objectives categorized. We will show that once more, social media has constituted opportunities for citizens to engage a specific response to the crisis, but at the same time has raised specific ethical and social issues.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Ethical, Legal and Social Issues	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2106
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	Author	Sebastian Lindner; Hans Betke; Stefan Sackmann
	Title	Attributes for Simulating Spontaneous On-Site Volunteers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	846-856
	Keywords	spontaneous volunteers; disaster management; simulation; coordination; software agents
	Abstract	Disaster managers report that several disasters would have turned out on a dramatic scale without spontaneous unaffiliated on-site volunteers (SUV). Since SUVs are usually not integrated in chains of command and behave in a certain pattern of its own, coordination of SUVs becomes a challenge for disaster management. One key to coordination is communication and adequate support by information systems. However, real disasters or field tests are usually too expensive, elaborate, and partly impossible when coordination of SUVs is to be exercised or novel tools and methods must be evaluated. Simulating the SUV's behavior by software-agents is considered a constructive solution, however, the specification of simulation settings is an open research field. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying relevant attributes affecting SUVs behavior by a state-of-the-art literature review, classifying and discussing the attributes. Our results provide a sound basis for defining SUV-agents and performing suitable simulations in the future.
	Address	Chair of Information Management Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	New Technologies for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2070
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	Author	Sebastian Lindner; Stefan Sackmann; Hans Betke
	Title	Simulating Spontaneous Volunteers: A System Entity Structure for Defining Disaster Scenarios			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Agent-based Simulation, Spontaneous Volunteers, Spontaneous Volunteer Coordination Scenario Definition Language (SVCDSL), System Entity Structure (SES), Disaster Scenario
	Abstract	Fast and easy communication, e.g. via Twitter or Facebook, encourages self-coordination between spontaneous volunteers in disasters. Unfortunately, this is more and more challenging official disaster management. The need for the directed coordination of spontaneous volunteers triggered researchers to develop effective coordination approaches. However, evaluating and comparing such approaches as well as their exercising are lacking a standardized way to describe repeatable disaster scenarios, e.g. for simulations. Therefore, we present a novel System Entity Structure (SES) for describing disaster scenarios considering the disaster environment, communication infrastructure, disaster management, and population of spontaneous volunteers. The SES is discussed as a promising scheme for including spontaneous volunteers in disaster scenarios on a general level. Its applicability is demonstrated by a Pruned Entity Structure derived from a real disaster scenario. Based on the results, we give an outlook on our subsequent research, the XML-based Spontaneous Volunteer Coordination Scenario Definition Language (SVCSDL).
	Address	Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T7- Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1885
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	Author	Sebastian Lindner; Stephan Kühnel; Hans Betke; Stefan Sackmann
	Title	Simulating Spontaneous Volunteers – A Conceptual Model			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	159-169
	Keywords	spontaneous volunteers, disaster management, agent-based simulation, conceptual model, SUV behavior
	Abstract	Recent disasters have revealed growing numbers of citizens who participate in responses to disasters. These so-called spontaneous unaffiliated on-site volunteers (SUVs) have become valuable resources for mitigating disaster scales. However, their self-coordination has also led to harm or putting themselves in danger. The necessity to coordinate SUVs has encouraged researchers to develop coordination approaches, yet testing, evaluating, and validating these approaches has been challenging, as doing so requires either real disasters or field tests. In practice, this is usually expensive, elaborate, and/or impossible, in part, to conduct. Simulating SUVs' behaviors using agent-based simulations seems promising to address this challenge. Therefore, this contribution presents a conceptual model that provides the basis for implementing SUV agents in simulation software to perform suitable simulations and to forecast citizens' behaviors under a given set of circumstances. To achieve adequate simulations, the conceptual model is based on the identification of 25 behavior-affecting attributes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Command and control studies	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2097
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	Author	Sofie Pilemalm
	Title	Barriers to Digitalized Co-production: the Case of Volunteer First Responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	782-790
	Keywords	digitalization; co-production; ICT; volunteers; emergency response
	Abstract	Information and communication technology (ICT) and digitalization are often seen as enablers of co-production. But if its potential is not implemented, technology will rather act as a barrier. In Sweden, new types of “hybrid” co-production initiatives that engage civil citizen volunteers as first responders emerged a decade ago. Even though the benefits are recognized, the initiatives’ expansion are hampered by the ICT solutions. In this study, we explore why, by comparing the perspectives of national authorities, needs-owners, suppliers, and end-users. We describe the barriers, e.g., insufficient geofencing, to develop ICT for various mobile platforms, unavailability of a joint API, competitiveness and double roles among stakeholders, and ICT costs. We suggest how to address the barriers and argue that digitalized co-production of the type presented will likely increase. Here our study can contribute to the successive accumulation of knowledge.
	Address	Department of Science and Technology, Linköping university, Department of Information Systems, University of Agder
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2455
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	Author	Sophie Gerstmann; Hans Betke; Stefan Sackmann
	Title	Towards Automated Individual Communication for Coordination of Spontaneous Volunteers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Spontaneous volunteers, chatbot, social media, system architecture
	Abstract	In recent years, spontaneous volunteers often turned out to be a critical factor to overcome disaster situations and avoid further damages to life and assets. These Volunteers coordinate their activities using social media and mobile devices but are not integrated in usual command and control structures of disaster responders. The lack of professional disaster response knowledge leads to a waste of potential workforce or even dangerous situations for the volunteers. In this paper, a novel approach for a centralized coordination of spontaneous volunteers through disaster response professionals while using popular communication channels esp. messaging services (e.g. Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp) is presented. The architecture of a volunteer coordination system focusing on automated multi-channel communication is shown and the possibilities of a universal chatbot for individual assignment and scheduling of volunteers are discussed. The paper also provides first insights in a demonstrator system as a practical solution.
	Address	Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1965
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