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	Author	Dashley K. Rouwendal van Schijndel; Jo E. Hannay; Audun Stolpe
	Title	Simulation Vignette Generation from Answer Set Specifications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	110-121
	Keywords	Exercise Management; Answer Set Programming; Mixed Reality Simulations; Vignette Generation
	Abstract	We investigate an approach that allows exercise managers to design simulations with an explicit focus on building skills, rather than having to focus on all the objects and interactions that a simulation must have. Exercise managers may design exercises at various levels of abstraction and always independently of how those sessions are implemented in simulations, while simulation components that implement the design are assembled and to some extent, automatically, behind the scenes. We outline (1) how Answer Set Programming can assist exercise managers in exercise planning and (2) how automated stage and content generation may be used to invoke appropriate simulation components to realize the design. For deliberate and recurrent training of decision-making skills, stages and content must vary to avoid familiarity (testing effects). We conclude by distilling a main research hypothesis that stipulates how (1) and (2) represent two modes of automated reasoning (so-called deductive versus abductive) and how that distinction clarifies the planning task.
	Address	University of Oslo, Department of Technology Systems; Norwegian Computing Center, Department of Applied Research in Information Technology; University of Oslo, Department of Technology Systems, Norwegian Computing Center, Department of Applied Research in Information Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-11	ISBN	2411-3397	Medium
	Track	AI Systems for Crisis and Risks	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	d.k.rouwendal@its.uio.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2212
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	Author	Debora Robles Perez; Manuel Esteve Domingo; Israel Perez Llopis; Federico J. Carvajal Rodrigo
	Title	System and Architecture of an Adapted Situation Awareness Tool for First Responders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	928-936
	Keywords	Critical Infrastructure Protection; First Responder; Command and Control; Autonomous Vehicles; Resilience
	Abstract	First responders (FRs) in Europe are currently facing large natural and man-made disasters (e.g. wild fire, terrorist attacks, industrial incidents, big floods, gas leaks etc.), that put their own lives and those of thousands of others at risk. Adapted situation awareneSS tools and taIlored training curricula for increaSing capabiliTies and enhANcing the proteCtion of first respondErs (ASSISTANCE) is an ongoing European H2020 project which main objective is to increase FRs Situation Awareness (SA) for helping and protecting different kinds of FRs' organizations that work together in large scale disasters mitigation. ASSISTANCE will enhance the SA of the FRs organisations during their mitigation activities through the integration of new paradigms, tools and technologies (e.g. drones/robots equipped with a range of sensors, robust communications capabilities, etc.) with the main objective of increasing both their protection and their efficiency.
	Address	Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València; Universitat Politècnica de València
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-83	ISBN	2411-3469	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	derobpe@upvnet.upv.es			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2284
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	Author	Deena Disraelly; Laura Itle
	Title	Providing Reliable Assistance Faster: Secure, Modern, Mission-Capable Credentialing to Support Disaster Operations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1140-1143
	Keywords	Credentialing; Disaster Support; Clearance; Suitability; Volunteer
	Abstract	The public sector, including state and local government, public health, and emergency management; the private sector; and the Federal Government jointly face challenges with rapidly collecting and validating credentials for individuals applying for employment or volunteering for emergencies, vetting security clearances, and ascertaining suitability. In 2017, for instance, credentialing gaps delayed employees and volunteers from contributing much-needed skills in disaster areas during one of the worst hurricane and wildfire seasons on record while Federal agencies inadvertently issued interim clearances to individuals with criminal records. We propose a secure, modern, mission-capable information technology solution to these with the United States Postal Service hosting this streamlined process by serving as the hub for collection, validation, and transfer of pertinent data. The solution would introduce access points in over 5,000 communities for citizens participating in disaster support operations, as well as those requiring credentialing for employment as part of day-to-day operations.
	Address	Institute for Defence Analysis, Virginia USA; Institute for Defence Analysis, Virginia USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-103	ISBN	2411-3489	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	ddisrael@ida.org			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2304
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	Author	Derya Ipek Eroglu; Duygu Pamukcu; Laura Szczyrba; Yang Zhang
	Title	Analyzing and Contextualizing Social Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in Puerto Rico			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	389-395
	Keywords	Data Analytics, Hurricane María, Principal Component Analysis, Social Vulnerability Index.
	Abstract	As the third hurricane the U.S. experienced in 2017, Hurricane María generated impacts that resulted in both short term and long term suffering in Puerto Rico. In this study, we aim to quantify the vulnerability of Puerto Ricans by taking region and society specific characteristics of the island into account. To do this, we follow Cutter et al.'s social vulnerability calculation, which is an inductive approach that aims to represent a society based on its characteristics. We adapted the Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) for Puerto Rico by using data obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. We analyzed the newly calculated SoVI for Puerto Rico and compared it with the existing deductive approach developed by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Our findings show that the new index is able to capture some characteristics that the existing vulnerability index is unable to do.
	Address	Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-37	ISBN	2411-3423	Medium
	Track	Data and resilience: opportunities and challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	deryaipek@vt.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2238
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	Author	Dipak Singh; Shayan Shams; Joohyun Kim; Seung-jong Park; Seungwon Yang
	Title	Fighting for Information Credibility: AnEnd-to-End Framework to Identify FakeNews during Natural Disasters			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	90-99
	Keywords	Neural Networks, Social Network, Natural Disaster, Fake News, Deep Learning.
	Abstract	Fast-spreading fake news has become an epidemic in the post-truth world of politics, the stock market, or even during natural disasters. A large amount of unverified information may reach a vast audience quickly via social media. The effect of misinformation (false) and disinformation (deliberately false) is more severe during the critical time of natural disasters such as flooding, hurricanes, or earthquakes. This can lead to disruptions in rescue missions and recovery activities, costing human lives and delaying the time needed for affected communities to return to normal. In this paper, we designed a comprehensive framework which is capable of developing a training set and trains a deep learning model for detecting fake news events occurring during disasters. Our proposed framework includes infrastructure to collect Twitter posts which spread false information. In our model implementation, we utilized the Transfer Learning scheme to transfer knowledge gained from a large and general fake news dataset to relatively smaller fake news events occurring during disasters as a means of overcoming the limited size of our training dataset. Our detection model was able to achieve an accuracy of 91.47\% and F1 score of 90.89 when it was trained with the first 28 hours of Twitter data. Our vision for this study is to help emergency managers during disaster response with our framework so that they may perform their rescue and recovery actions effectively and efficiently without being distracted by false information.
	Address	Louisiana State University; University of Texas; Louisiana State University; Louisiana State University;Louisiana State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-9	ISBN	2411-3395	Medium
	Track	AI Systems for Crisis and Risks	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	dsingh8@lsu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2210
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	Author	Duygu Pamukcu; Christopher W. Zobel; Andrew Arnette
	Title	Characterizing Social Community Structures in Emergency Shelter Planning			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	228-236
	Keywords	Evacuation Planning; Sheltering; Simulation; Social Network; Group Behavior
	Abstract	During emergencies, it is often necessary to evacuate vulnerable people to safer places to reduce loss of lives and cope with human suffering. Shelters are publically available places to evacuate, especially for people who do not have any other choices. This paper overviews emergency shelter planning in disaster mitigation and preparation and discusses the need for better responding to people who need to evacuate during emergencies. Recent evacuation studies pay attention to integrating social factors into evacuation modeling for better prediction of evacuation decisions. Our goal is to address the impact of social behavior on the sheltering choices of evacuees and to explore the potential contributions of including social network characteristics in the decision-making process of authorities. We present the shelter utilization problem in South Carolina during Hurricane Florence and discuss an agent-based modeling approach that considers social community structures in modeling the shelter choice behavior of socially connected individuals.
	Address	Virginia Tech; Virginia Tech; University of Wyoming
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-22	ISBN	2411-3408	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	duygu@vt.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2223
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	Author	Edward J. Glantz; Frank E. Ritter; Don Gilbreath; Sarah J. Stager; Alexandra Anton; Rahul Emani
	Title	UAV Use in Disaster Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	914-921
	Keywords	Disaster Response, Emergency Management, Drone, Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
	Abstract	Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provide multiple opportunities to first responders and disaster managers, especially as they continue to improve in affordability as well as capabilities. This paper provides a brief review of how UAV capabilities have been used in disaster management, examples of current use within disaster management, as well as adoption considerations. Example disaster domains include fires, tornadoes, flooding, building and dam collapses, crowd monitoring, search and rescue, and post disaster monitoring of critical infrastructures. This review can increase awareness and issues when considering UAVs by those challenged with the management of crisis and disaster events.
	Address	The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-81	ISBN	2411-3467	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	edward.glantz@psu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2282
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	Author	Eric Rigaud; Anouck Adrot; Frank Fiedrich; Nour Kanaan; Miriam Klein; Farnaz Mahdavian; Yannic Schulte; Marcus Wiens; Frank Schultmann
	Title	Borderland Resilience Studies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	338-355
	Keywords	Borderland, Resilience, Risk Assessment, Command Control and Coordination.
	Abstract	This article describes the definition and characteristics of borderland resilience studies as an academic field, and precisely its core phenomenon, major themes or components and challenges. The phenomenon of borderland resilience is firstly defined. The results of empirical studies complete the conceptual description. Finally, the article proposes a set of research and development challenges.
	Address	MINES ParisTech, PSL – Research University, CRC, Sophia Antipolis, France; Universite Paris Dauphine, PSL – Research University, Paris, France; Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Universite Paris Dauphine, PSL – Research University, Paris, France; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruh, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruh, Germany; Bergische Universitat Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsuh, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruh, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-33	ISBN	2411-3419	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Eric.rigaud@mines-paristech.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2234
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	Author	Erik AM Borglund; Martina Granholm
	Title	You Talk the Talk – But What Do You Talk About?			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	295-302
	Keywords	Command and Control, Common Operational Picture, Talk-Groups, TETRA, Transboundary Crisis.
	Abstract	Post-crisis analysis of transboundary crises in Sweden is problematic due to limited documentation. We believe that there is a need to find tools to better understand the command and control, and to understand how the information sharing that takes place during larger crises works. This paper presents the results of an ongoing research, as well as findings about how the TETRA system is used for information sharing in transboundary crises. The data used was collected from two large emergency exercises, where Swedish, Finnish and Norwegian TETRA systems were merged. Communication in 10 shared talk groups was recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The communication in shared TETRA-talk-groups mostly focused on information about the accident, the recourses and first respond units, as well as the actions of each unit. The research also exemplifies and shows that communication within TETRA-talk-groups in transboundary crisis can give new insight into how command and control works.
	Address	Mid Sweden University; Mid Sweden University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-29	ISBN	2411-3415	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	erik.borglund@miun.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2230
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	Author	Erik Prytz; Anna-Maria Grönbäck; Krisjanis Steins; Craig Goolsby; Tobias Andersson Granberg; Carl-Oscar Jonson
	Title	Evaluating the Effect of Bleeding Control Kit Locations for a Mass Casualty Incident Using Discrete Event Simulation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	167-178
	Keywords	Simulation, Mass Casualty Incident, Tourniquet, Stop the Bleed, Bleeding Control Kit Placement.
	Abstract	The purpose of this study was to develop a simulation model to evaluate bleeding control kit location strategies for a mass casualty incident scenario. Specifically, the event simulated was an explosion at a large sports arena. The model included a representation of the arena itself, simulated crowd movements following the detonation of an improvised explosive device, injuries and treatments, and different ways for immediate responders to help injured patients using tourniquets. The simulation model gave logically consistent results in the validation scenarios and the simulation outcomes were in line with the expected outcomes. The results of the different tourniquet location scenarios indicated that decentralized placement (more than one location) is better, easy access is important (between rather than at emergency exits) and that an increased number of available tourniquets will result in an increased number of survivors.
	Address	Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University; Linköping University; Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-16	ISBN	2411-3402	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Erik.prytz@liu.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2217
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	Author	Eva Petitdemange; Elyes Lamine; Franck Fontanili; Matthieu Lauras
	Title	Enhancing Emergency Call Centers' Performance Through a Data-driven Simulation Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	218-227
	Keywords	Emergency Call Center, Performance, Simulation, Data-Driven, Continuous Improvement, Organization.
	Abstract	Emergency Call Centers (ECCs) can be considered as the starting point of the pre-hospital emergency medical system. Although, ECCs exist everywhere, their business processes and their performance levels differ from one place to another, even sometimes in a same country. By definition, users expect a high level of performance, particularly regarding the waiting time and the processing time of the calls. Additionally, ECCs might have difficulties to manage sudden rise of activities following disasters impacting huge number of victims for instance. To support ECCs in their continuous improvement steps, this paper suggests an innovative framework and its associated tools to support both diagnosis of current organizations and enhancement of their performance. Concretely, the proposal is data-driven and simulation oriented. First experiments are shown in order to demonstrate the potential benefits of such an approach. Avenues for further research are also discussed.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi, University of Toulouse; IMT Mines Albi, University of Toulouse; IMT Mines Albi, University of Toulouse; IMT Mines Albi, University of Toulouse
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-21	ISBN	2411-3407	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	eva.petitdemange@mines-albi.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2222
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	Author	Ferda Ofli; Firoj Alam; Muhammad Imran
	Title	Analysis of Social Media Data using Multimodal Deep Learning for Disaster Response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	802-811
	Keywords	Multimodal Deep Learning, Multimedia Content, Natural Disasters, Crisis Computing, Social Media.
	Abstract	Multimedia content in social media platforms provides significant information during disaster events. The types of information shared include reports of injured or deceased people, infrastructure damage, and missing or found people, among others. Although many studies have shown the usefulness of both text and image content for disaster response purposes, the research has been mostly focused on analyzing only the text modality in the past. In this paper, we propose to use both text and image modalities of social media data to learn a joint representation using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques. Specifically, we utilize convolutional neural networks to define a multimodal deep learning architecture with a modality-agnostic shared representation. Extensive experiments on real-world disaster datasets show that the proposed multimodal architecture yields better performance than models trained using a single modality (e.g., either text or image).
	Address	Qatar Computing Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha, Qatar; Qatar Computing Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha, Qatar; Qatar Computing Research Institute Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha, Qatar
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-71	ISBN	2411-3457	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	fofli@hbku.edu.qa			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2272
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	Author	Flavio Dusse; Renato Novais; Manoel Mendonça
	Title	A Visual Analytics Based Model for Crisis Management Decision-Making			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	157-166
	Keywords	Crisis Management, Decision-Making, Visual Analytics, Model.
	Abstract	Crisis Management (CM) refers to the ability to deal with crisis tasks in different phases and iterations. People working in a crisis are generally under pressure to make the right decision at the right time. They must process large amounts of data and assimilate the received information in an intuitive way. Visual Analytics (VA) is potentially useful to analyze and understand the huge amount of data in several areas including in a crisis. We propose a model based on VA to support decision-making in CM. The aim of the model is to help visualization designers to create effective VA interfaces, to help crisis managers to make quick and assertive decisions with them. In previous studies, we carried out a survey protocol with a multi-method approach to collect data on crisis related decision-making and analyze all these data qualitatively with formal techniques during the large events held in Brazil in recent years. In this work, we used our previous findings to develop the proposed model. We validated it using the focus group technique. With the new findings, we identified relevant insights on the use of VA for crisis management. We hope that, with these continuous cycles of validation and improvement, the agencies that manage crises might use our model as a reference for building more effective IT decision-making infrastructures based on VA.
	Address	Federal University of Bahia; Federal Institute of Bahia; Federal University of Bahia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-15	ISBN	2411-3401	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	dussebr@dcc.ufba.br			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2216
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	Author	Frederick Benaben; Lysiane Benaben
	Title	Science Fiction: Past and Future Trends of Crisis Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1130-1139
	Keywords	Information; Decision; Action; Future; Trends; Anticipation; Framework
	Abstract	This paper is a position paper, presenting an original but very anticipative and mainly imaginative vision of the evolution of the crisis management domain. After analyzing the options to make the past evolutions of that domain somehow explainable (mainly by analyzing the data of all the articles of the last fifteen editions of the ISCRAM conference), the paper aims at providing a framework to assess and evaluate the maturity of the domain of crisis management. Moreover, this framework is also used to tentatively infer some future evolutions and some directions that could be relevant, dangerous, tricky or of great benefit for the crisis management domain. These future trends are mainly based on the current maturity of crisis management (according to the proposed framework) and current or future influential practices, technologies or threats. It will be necessary to wait for fifteen years to see if these bets should be considered as accurate.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi; IMT Mines Albi
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-102	ISBN	2411-3488	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	frederick.benaben@mines-albi.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2303
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	Author	Gerasimos Antzoulatos; Panagiotis Giannakeris; Ilias Koulalis; Anastasios Karakostas; Stefanos Vrochidis; Ioannis Kompatsiaris
	Title	A Multi-Layer Fusion Approach For Real-Time Fire Severity Assessment Based on Multimedia Incidents			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	75-89
	Keywords	Crisis Management, Real-Time Fire Severity Assessment, Image Recognition, Object Detection, Semantic Segmentation.
	Abstract	Shock forest fires have short and long-terms devastating impact on the sustainable management and viability of natural, cultural and residential environments, the local and regional economies and societies. Thus, the utilisation of risk-based decision support systems which encapsulate the technological achievements in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and fire growth simulation models have rapidly increased in the last decades. On the other hand, the rise of image and video capturing technology, the usage mobile and wearable devices, and the availability of large amounts of multimedia in social media or other online repositories has increased the interest in the image understanding domain. Recent computer vision techniques endeavour to solve several societal problems with security and safety domains to be one of the most serious amongst others. Out of the millions of images that exist online in social media or news articles a great deal of them might include the existence of a crisis or emergency event. In this work, we propose a Multi-Layer Fusion framework, for Real-Time Fire Severity Assessment, based on knowledge extracted from the analysis of Fire Multimedia Incidents. Our approach consists of two levels: (a) an Early Fusion level, in which state-of-the-art image understanding techniques are deployed so as to discover fire incidents and objects from images, and (b) the Decision Fusion level which combines multiple fire incident reports aiming to assess the severity of the ongoing fire event. We evaluate our image understanding techniques in a collection of public fire image databases, and generate simulated incidents and feed them to our Decision Fusion level so as to showcase our method's applicability.
	Address	Information Technologies Institute (ITI) – Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH); Information Technologies Institute (ITI) – Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH); Information Technologies Institute (ITI) – Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH);Information Technologies Institute (ITI) – Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH);Information Technologies Institute (ITI) – Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH);Information Technologies Institute (ITI) – Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-8	ISBN	2411-3394	Medium
	Track	AI Systems for Crisis and Risks	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	gantzoulatos@iti.gr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2209
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	Author	Giulio Palomba; Alessandro Farasin; Claudio Rossi
	Title	Sentinel-1 Flood Delineation with Supervised Machine Learning			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1072-1083
	Keywords	Floods, Mapping, Deep Learning, Copernicus EMS, Sentinel-1, SAR.
	Abstract	Floods are one of the major natural hazards in terms of affected people and economic damages. The increasing and often uncontrolled urban sprawl together with climate change effects will make future floods more frequent and impacting. An accurate flood mapping is of paramount importance in order to update hazard and risk maps and to plan prevention measures. In this paper, we propose the use of a supervised machine learning approach for flood delineation from satellite data. We train and evaluate the proposed algorithm using Sentinel-1 acquisition and certified flood delineation maps produced by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service across different geographical regions in Europe, achieving increased performances against previously proposed supervised machine learning approaches for flood mapping.
	Address	LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; Politecnico di Torino – DAUIN dept. and LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.; LINKS Foundation – DSISA dept.
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-97	ISBN	2411-3483	Medium
	Track	Using Artificial Intelligence to exploit Satellite Data in Risk and Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	giulio.palomba@linksfoundation.com			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2298
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	Author	Haiyan Hao; Yan Wang
	Title	Hurricane Damage Assessment with Multi-, Crowd-Sourced Image Data: A Case Study of Hurricane Irma in the City of Miami			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	825-837
	Keywords	Computer Vision, Damage Assessment, Disaster Management, Insurance Claims, Social Networking Platforms.
	Abstract	The massive crowdsourced data generated on social networking platforms (e.g. Twitter and Flickr) provide free, real-time data for damage assessment (DA) even during catastrophes. Recent studies leveraging crowdsourced data for DA mainly focused on analyzing textual formats. Crowdsourced images can provide rich and objective information about damage conditions, however, are rarely researched for DA purposes. The highly-varied content and loosely-defined damage forms make it difficult to process and analyze the crowdsourced images. To address this problem, we propose a data-driven DA method based on multi-, crowd-sourced images, which includes five machine learning classifiers organized in a hierarchical structure. The method is validated with a case study investigating the damage condition of the City of Miami caused by Hurricane Irma. The outcome is then compared with a metric derived from NFIP insurance claims data. The proposed method offers a resource for rapid DA that supplements conventional DA methods.
	Address	University of Florida; University of Florida
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-73	ISBN	2411-3459	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	hhao@ufl.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2274
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	Author	Hannah Van Wyk; Kate Starbird
	Title	Analyzing Social Media Data to Understand How Disaster-Affected Individuals Adapt to Disaster-Related Telecommunications Disruptions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	704-717
	Keywords	Telecommunications, Adaptations, Social Media, Cellular Phone Service, Wi-Fi Access.
	Abstract	Information is a critical need during disasters such as hurricanes. Increasingly, people are relying upon cellular and internet-based technology to communicate that information--modalities that are acutely vulnerable to the disruptions to telecommunication infrastructure that are common during disasters. Focusing on Hurricane Maria (2017) and its long-term impacts on Puerto Rico, this research examines how people affected by severe and sustained disruptions to telecommunications services adapt to those disruptions. Leveraging social media trace data as a window into the real-time activities of people who were actively adapting, we use a primarily qualitative approach to identify and characterize how people changed their telecommunications practices and routines--and especially how they changed their locations--to access Wi-Fi and cellular service in the weeks and months after the hurricane. These findings have implications for researchers seeking to better understand human responses to disasters and responders seeking to identify strategies to support affected populations.
	Address	University of Washington; University of Washington
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-64	ISBN	2411-3450	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	hcvw@uw.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2265
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	Author	Hanne Haaland; Hege Wallevik; Erika Frydenlund; Jose J. Padilla
	Title	Modelers and Ethnographers as Co-Creators of Knowledge: Do We Belong Together?			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1113-1121
	Keywords	Social Sciences; Modeling; Interdisciplinarity; Citizen-Based Humanitarian Aid; Refugees; Lesvos; Citizen Initiatives for Global Solidarity (CIGS); Prototype Agent-Based Model
	Abstract	In this paper, we explore the process of co-creation of knowledge between modelers and ethnographers through a project focusing on the role played by CIGS (Citizen initiatives for global solidarity) in the refugee crisis in the island of Lesvos, Greece. We describe the process of collaboration and discuss what this type of interdisciplinary collaboration may bring to the development of a research topic when the initial skepticism and questions of epistemological differences have been overcome. Moreover, we address some of the challenges embedded in this type of research collaboration, particularly the skepticism present within the social sciences.
	Address	University of Agder, Norway; University of Agder, Norway; Old Dominion University, US; Old Dominion University, US
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-100	ISBN	2411-3486	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Hanne.haaland@uia.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2301
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	Author	Harrison Cole
	Title	Accessible Mitigation Planning: Tactile Hazard Map Design and Evaluation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1031-1037
	Keywords	Cartography; Accessibility; Disability; Tactile; Mitigation Planning
	Abstract	While creating a community hazard mitigation plan (HMP) has become recognized as a key component of successful disaster management, significant portions of the process are often inaccessible to people with vision disabilities. Maps in particular are often large, visually dense documents that are printed on two-dimensional paper, or distributed via PDF with no alternate text. For people with profound low vision or who are blind, alternative media is required. The research discussed here proposes that tactile maps may present an accessible and cost-effective medium for representing geospatial data relevant to the hazard mitigation planning process. Using flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs) distributed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as a starting point, this paper proposes an evaluatory framework for transcribing conventional maps into tactile documents, as well as characterizing users' experiences using them for mitigation planning, directions for future research and generalizing the process for applications in other domains.
	Address	The Pennsylvania State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-93	ISBN	2411-3479	Medium
	Track	Usability and Universal Design of ICT for Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	harrisoncole@psu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2294
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	Author	Henrique Romano Correia; Ivison da Costa Rubim; Angelica F.S. Dias; Juliana B.S. França; Marcos R.S. Borges
	Title	Drones to the Rescue: A Support Solution for Emergency Response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	904-913
	Keywords	Emergency, Information System, Collaborative Systems, Decision-making Drones.
	Abstract	Emergency is a threatening condition that requires urgent action, an effective response and within an emergency scenario there may be risks for responders, as well as for those affected. Response time is crucial for affected individuals and environments to be addressed on their needs. In this context, the goal of this work is to support the agents involved in the emergency response, through an application-supported collaborative solution using drones. This solution aims to collect information from the worked emergency scenario, so that, through the collaboration of specialists, there is a greater support for the decision-making made by the responsible agents within this scenario, causing it to occur in a shorter time, thus speeding up the response to the emergency. In this work, the aim was to validate with experts from the Rio de Janeiro Firefighters, who already work with drones, by evaluating the utility of the solution in real scenarios.
	Address	Department of Computer Science – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Informatics (PPGI) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Informatics (PPGI) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Computer Science – Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Informatics (PPGI) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, TECNUN, University of Navarra, Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-80	ISBN	2411-3466	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	henriquercorreia@gmail.com			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2281
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	Author	Henry Agsten
	Title	Effects of Smartphone-Based Alerting on Reducing Arrival Times for Volunteer Fire Departments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	990-994
	Keywords	Volunteer Fire Departments; Time Reduction; Inefficiencies; Smartphone Application
	Abstract	This practitioner paper describes the efforts of a volunteer fire department in Germany to reduce the time to arrive at a place of emergency. It presents the former situation, identifies reasons for delays and highlights the volunteers' first years in utilizing an existing smartphone application for alert and response as a mean to optimize their times of arrival. The paper finally evaluates the effects of the application's usage.
	Address	Alarm Dispatcher Systems GmbH,Dresden, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-89	ISBN	2411-3475	Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	ha@alarm-dispatcher.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2290
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	Author	Hussain A. Syed; Marén Schorch; Volkmar Pipek
	Title	Disaster Learning Aid: A Chatbot Centric Approach for Improved Organizational Disaster Resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	448-457
	Keywords	Chatbot; CALS; SMEs; Organizations; Disaster Resilience
	Abstract	The increasingly frequent occurrence of organizational crises exemplifies the need to strengthen organizational resilience. An example of business organizations is small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which contribute largely to the economic growth. But often, their limited resources (manpower, time, financial capital), organizational structure, focus on operational routines and less priority towards disaster resilience make them more vulnerable to crisis than bigger companies. The proposed solution addresses this dilemma by establishing a collaborative medium within the organization to improve disaster resilience by raising awareness and self-learning in employees without overburdening their constrained routines and resources. Our work in progress demonstrates a conceptual model of a learning aid (collaboration channel and a chatbot) that supports the pedagogical methodologies and employs them for enhancing learnability and awareness and elaborates the usability of interactive learning instilling disaster resilience in employees and hence in an organization.
	Address	University of Siegen, Germany; University of Siegen, Germany; University of Siegen, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-43	ISBN	2411-3429	Medium
	Track	Enhancing Resilient Response in Inter-Organizational Contexts: Learning from Experience	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	hussain.syed@uni-siegen.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2244
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	Author	James A. Reep; Andrea Tapia
	Title	Toward an Organizational Technology Adoption Process (OTAP) for Social Media Integration in a PSAP			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	718-729
	Keywords	Crisis informatics, Organizational Change, Technology Adoption, Social Media, OTAP
	Abstract	Integration of social media in emergency response environments presents specific organizational challenges, such as lack of resources or information credibility. Additionally, there exists individual resistance to change in these environments that could potentially discourage adoption. To identify and understand these challenges, we conducted semi-structured group interviews with emergency call takers and dispatchers. We find that these PSAP operators desire participation and explanation of changes throughout the organizational change process. Participants also articulated they desired training regarding change even when not directly affected. Though change management procedures often call for these strategies, they are commonly overlooked, leaving individuals to imagine worse case scenarios that manifest as additional stress in an already stressful work environment. It is suggested that a formalized change management process which directly addresses the identified challenges within the organizational technology adoption process (OTAP) is needed in order to mitigate undue stress.
	Address	The Pennsylvania State University; The Pennsylvania State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-65	ISBN	2411-3451	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	jar5757@psu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2266
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	Author	Jean-Paul Monet; Pierre Schaller; Sergio Pirone; Marc Castellnou Ribau; Stéphane Poyau; Marc Dumas
	Title	Civil Protection in Europe: Towards a Unified Command System? Lessons Learned, Studies and Ideas About Change Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	315-325
	Keywords	Crisis Management, Incident, Command and Control System, Interoperability, European Union.
	Abstract	After the summer 2017 deadly wildfires in Portugal, President Juncker of the European Commission asked for “a stronger European Union (EU)”, clearly targeting civil protection management. This wish found achievement in the March 2019 guidance to establish a reserve of EU response capacities called “rescEU”, integrated into the jurisdictional basis of EU civil protection. However, the authors regret the ambition of this plan has not been fulfilled. Due to some very “European constraints” this “new deal” has introduced only small changes in terms of resources and knowledge management. In each of the past several years, climate change has brought new examples of fatal natural disasters: wildfires in Sweden, and Greece, and flash floods in Spain and France. Because of this continuous rise in disasters, and based on some lessons learned, the authors stress that it's now time to shape a project to improve European Civil Protection. The idea is to move from the already good modular system of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism to an integrated, robust, and unique European Command System, which clearly must be fully interoperable with other existing mechanisms (US ICS, UNOCHA...).
	Address	Bouches-du-Rhône Fire department; National French Fire Academy (Ensosp); Corpo forestal Piemonte, Italy; Pau Costa foundation, Spain; Landes Fire department; Bouches-du-Rhône Fire department
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-31	ISBN	2411-3417	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	jpmonet@sdis13.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2232
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