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Author B. Van de Walle, Paul Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Title Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Type Conference Volume
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract The proceedings contain 68 papers. The topics discussed include: injury worsening risk modeling and rescue emergency analysis in a disaster; a dynamic Delphi process utilizing a modified Thurstone scaling method: collaborative judgment in emergency response; Sahana victim registries: effectively track disaster victims; near real time flood alerting for the global disaster alert and coordination system; interoperable communication: an analysis of SMS text-message exchange; a first step in decision support tools for humanitarian assistance during catastrophic disasters: modeling hazard generated needs; towards a GIS data model for improving the emergency response in the least developing countries: challenges and opportunities; and integrating technology in crisis response using an information manager: first lessons learned from field exercises in the Port of Rotterdam.
Address (up)
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track Proceeding Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 61
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Author Gerhard Wickler; Austin Tate; Stephen Potter
Title Integrating discrete event and process-level simulation for flexible training in the I-X framework Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 355-359
Keywords Discrete event simulation; Information systems; Personnel training; Activity modeling; Agent Framework; Discrete-event simulators; Emergency response; Flexible trainings; Fully integrated; HTN planning; Training scenario; Emergency services
Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe I-Sim, a simulation tool that is a fully integrated part of the underlying agent framework, I-X. I-Sim controls a discrete event simulator, based on the same activity model that is shared between all I-X components, and multiple process-level simulators that model the continuous change caused by actions that are considered as primitives by the rest of the system. The primary purpose of this tool is to support instructors during exercises that are used for training in emergency response. The main advantage the I-Sim tool gives the instructors is flexibility, allowing them to orchestrate and modify existing training scenarios on the fly, adapting them to trainees' needs as required.
Address (up) AIAI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1086
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Author Duco N. Ferro; Jeroen M. Valk; Alfons H. Salden
Title A robust coalition formation framework for mobile surveillance incident management Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 479-488
Keywords Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Knowledge management; Robustness (control systems); Security systems; Coalition formations; Coordination; Incident Management; Mobile surveillance; Reconfiguration; Scale-space; Network security
Abstract Given unexpected incidents on routes of guards that check security objects, like banks, one of the most challenging problems is still how to support improvisation by security personnel in taking decisions to prevent or resolve such incidents. Another as important associated problem is how a security company can naturally take advantage of its existing and novel knowledge about its organizational and ICT infrastructures, and the introduction of a decision support system to help leverage of improvisation by humans. To tackle all this, on the one hand we present a dynamic coalition formation framework that allows the (re)configurations of agents that are associated with joint tasks in situational contexts to be evaluated by appropriate value functions. On the other hand, we present a dynamic scale-space paradigm that allows a security company to distill ranked lists of robust context-dependent reconfigurations at critical scales. We highlight the merits of ASK-ASSIST as a solution to the problem of supporting human improvisation.
Address (up) Almende B. V., Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track IMPR Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 489
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Author Adriaan Ter Mors; Xiaoyu Mao; Nicola Roos; Cees Witteveen; Alfons H. Salden
Title Multi-agent system support for scheduling aircraft de-icing Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 467-478
Keywords Aircraft; Emergency services; Intelligent agents; Multi agent systems; Scheduling; Snow and ice removal; Aircraft deicing; Coordination; Coordination strategy; Decision mechanism; Emergency responders; Emergency situation; Incident Management; Unexpected incidents; Aircraft accidents
Abstract Results from disaster research suggest that methods for coordination between individual emergency responders and organizations should recognize the independence and autonomy of these actors. These actor features are key factors in effective adaptation and improvisation of response to emergency situations which are inherently uncertain. Autonomy and adaptability are also well-known aspects of a multi-agent system (MAS). In this paper we present two MAS strategies that can effectively handle aircraft deicing incidents. These MAS strategies help improve to prevent and reduce e.g. airplane delays at deicing stations due to changing weather conditions or incidents at the station, where aircraft agents adopting pre-made plans that would act on behalf of aircraft pilots or companies, would only create havoc. Herein each agent using its own decision mechanism deliberates about the uncertainty in the problem domain and the preferences (or priorities) of the agents. Furthermore, taking both these issues into account each proposed MAS strategy outperforms a naive first-come, first-served coordination strategy. The simulation results help pilots and companies taking decisions with respect to the scheduling of the aircraft for deicing when unexpected incidents occur: they provide insights in the impacts and means for robust selection of incident-specific strategies on e.g. deicing station delays of (individual) aircraft.
Address (up) Almende B.V., Technische Universiteit Delft, Netherlands; Almende B.V., Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands; MICC, IKAT, Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands; EWI, Technische Universiteit Delft, Netherlands; Almende B.V., Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track IMPR Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1003
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Author Daniel Hahn
Title Non-restrictive linking in wireless sensor networks for industrial risk management Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 605-609
Keywords Deforestation; Demonstrations; Disaster prevention; Middleware; Monitoring; Risk management; Water pollution; Wireless sensor networks; Continuous observation; Crisis management; Disaster management; Environmental risks; In-situ sensors; Industrial risks; Osiris; Water contamination; Risk perception
Abstract The OSIRIS project addresses the disaster management workflow in the phases of risk monitoring and crisis management. Risk monitoring allows the continuous observation of endangered areas combined with sensor deployment strategies. The crisis management focuses on particular events and the support by sensor networks. Four complementary live demonstrations will validate the OSIRIS approach. These demonstrations include water contamination, air pollution, south European forest fire, and industrial risk monitoring. This paper focuses on the latter scenario: the industrial risk monitoring. This scenario offers the special opportunity to demonstrate the relevance of OSIRIS by covering all the aspects of monitoring, preparation and response phases of both environmental risk and crisis management. The approach focuses on non-restrictive linking in a wireless sensor network in order to facilitate the addition and removal of nodes providing open interaction primitives allowing the comfortable integration, exclusion, and modification. A management layer with an event-triggered and service-based middleware is proposed. A live lab with real fire is illustrated.
Address (up) APS, European Centre for Mechatronics, Reutershag 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track SNDM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 557
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Author Joske M. Houtkamp; Frank A. Bos
Title Evaluation of a virtual scenario training for leading firefighters Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 565-570
Keywords Fire extinguishers; Evaluation; Firefighting; Interface problems; Training applications; Usability; Virtual scenario; Virtual training; Visual information; E-learning
Abstract Artesis Virtual and VSTEP BV developed a virtual scenario training for leading firefighters. We evaluated the usability of the training application and measured the satisfaction of 53 trainees. The trainees were positive about the training application, the training itself, and the interaction with the interface. We observed that trainees experienced navigation difficulties and sometimes misjudged visual information. Evaluations of new versions of this application, should address the influence of interface problems on performance.
Address (up) Center for Content and Knowledge Engineering, Center for Advanced Gaming and Simulation, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Dept. of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track GAME Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 596
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Author John M. Carroll; Helena M. Mentis; Gregorio Convertino; Mary Beth Rosson; Craig Harvey Ganoe; Hansa Sinha; Dejin Zhao
Title Prototyping collaborative geospatial emergency planning Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 105-113
Keywords Information systems; Software prototyping; Collaboration; Coordinated Multiple Views; Emergency planning; Geo-spatial information systems; Paper prototyping; Paper
Abstract Regional emergency planners use “tabletop” exercises to develop plans, to articulate strategies and constraints, and to practice working together. We conducted an experimental paper prototyping study to identify design requirements for a collaborative system to support distributed tabletop emergency planning exercises. We designed a reference task for geo-collaborative planning by adapting the hidden profile paradigm from social psychology as a model of obstacles to effective coordination in decision making. Our objective was to assess the usefulness and tractability of experimental paper prototyping methods for complex collaborative problem-solving contexts.
Address (up) College of Information Sciences and Technology, Pennsylvania State University, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track METH Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 378
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Author Rianne Gouman; Masja Kempen; Philip De Vree; Toon Capello; Eddy Van Der Heijden; Niek Wijngaards
Title The borsele files: The challenge of acquiring usable data under chaotic circumstances Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 93-103
Keywords Computer science; Computers; Artificial systems; Collaborative decision making; Crisis management; Empirical research; Experimental methodology; Internal communications; Lessons learned; Systems-of-systems; Experiments
Abstract Conducting empirical research involves a balancing act between scientific rigor and real-life pragmatics. DECIS Lab researches systems-of-systems, consisting of humans and artificial systems involved in collaborative decision making under chaotic circumstances. An important objective is the usefulness of our results to our major application domain: crisis management. DECIS Lab was involved to set up a crisis management exercise experiment and according measurements regarding an improvement in internal communication at Gemeente (Municipality) Borsele. In this paper the empirical research regarding this experiment, the methodology and its results are briefly outlined. Our main lessons learned concern the interrelationship between scenario, experiment and measurements; the problem of acquiring usable data; and the challenges of conducting grounded research.
Address (up) DECIS Lab, CICON Bv, Thales Research and Technology, Netherlands; Gemeente Borsele, Hoofd Afdeling Bestuursondersteuning, AOV, Netherlands; Gemeente Borsele, Ambtenaar Openbare Orde and Veiligheid (AOV), Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track GCMR Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 540
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Author Laura Montells; Susana Montero; Paloma Díaz; Ignacio Aedo
Title Mining patterns for web-based emergency management systems Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 133-138
Keywords Civil defense; Disasters; Websites; Crisis response; Design Patterns; Design Principles; Emergency management; Emergency management systems; Mine designs; Mining process; Real systems; Risk management
Abstract Design patterns describe problems that occur recurrently, and specify the core of the solution in such a way that we can (re)use it in different contexts and applications. Although, web-based Emergency Management Systems domain is still in its nascent stages, there are design principles, real systems and design patterns from other related areas that can be a valuable source of knowledge to mine design patterns. From these sources we have created a patterns catalogue to assist novice designers on discovering what issues should be addressed to develop useful and successful systems. In this paper, we present the mining process and some patterns as example.
Address (up) DEI Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track HCIS Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 781
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Author Daniel Sanz; Patricia Gómez Bello; Paloma Díaz; Fausto J. Sainz; Ignacio Aedo
Title Supporting physical and logical communication in emergency management Virtual Distributed Teams Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 439-448
Keywords Access control; Civil defense; Communication; Disasters; Risk management; Distributed teams; Heterogeneous technology; Information flows; Mobile infrastructure; Organizational structures; Physical communications; Role-based Access Control; Spontaneous communication; Physical addresses
Abstract Virtual Distributed Teams (VDT) need to face physical and logical communication challenges during emergency response. Physical problems include heterogeneous technology infrastructures, ubiquitous accessibility, alternative media communication or real-time interaction. Logical problems are related to the accomplishment of a coordinated activity, such as the need for a common place accessible by all where digital artefacts are available, spontaneous communication, real-time interaction, and emergency awareness. We present an integration framework that addresses the physical and logical communication requirements in emergency management for VDTs. The framework provides a ubiquitous mobile infrastructure that supports physical communication, proposes a generic role-based organizational structure for VDT, and outlines an integration strategy that allows to define logical communication channels by means of information flow and access control policies based on the VDT structure.
Address (up) DEI Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Carlos III University of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track VTC Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 912
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Author Nitesh Bharosa; Jaco Appelman; Peter De Bruin
Title Integrating technology in crisis response using an information manager: First lessons learned from field exercises in the Port of Rotterdam Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 63-70
Keywords Information systems; Crisis management; Incomplete information; Information managers; Information structures; Integrating information; Integrating technology; Operational command; Situational awareness; Managers
Abstract Integrating information technology (IT) in crisis management networks is a difficult and long-term endeavor. First responders must establish situational awareness and take decisions under time pressure with incomplete information. Partly, this can be mitigated by adopting more advanced IT, however practice shows that adoption is hampered because of the required change in routines and procedures. We believe that we can moderate a change in routines and stimulate the adoption of technology by introducing a new role: the information manager (IM). This paper presents some results of the first round of field observations. The main conclusion is that the IM is instrumental where it concerns, speeding up the process of establishing situational awareness and improving the information structures. In order to further improve the production of situational awareness we suggest that further research should address the issues of the internalization of process guidelines and enhancing the adaptability of information systems.
Address (up) Delft University of Technology, Corgwell, Netherlands; NoSe Innovations, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track FRIT Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 322
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Author Mark De Bruijne
Title Networked reliability: From monitoring to incident management Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 385-393
Keywords Competition; Complex networks; Information systems; Societies and institutions; High reliability; High reliability organizations; Incident Management; Infrastructure industry; Real-time management; Service provisions; Technical systems; Western countries; Reliability
Abstract The environment of many HROs in modern, western countries have undergone dramatic changes in the last decades. They have changed from High Reliability Organizations (HROs) into High Reliability Networks (HRNs). In nearly all industries, the formerly vertically integrated, state-owned monopolies were 'unbundled' and in many segments, competition was introduced. Consequently, the services of modern-day large-scale technical systems are provided by networks of organizations. In-depth research in a number of infrastructure industries explored the consequences of these changes for the reliable provision of services in networks of organizations. In networks of organizations, reliability is increasingly achieved through 'real-time' management. This paper highlights three important consequences of these findings and provides some tentative conclusions about their effect on the design and use of Information Systems in complex, large-scale technical systems.
Address (up) Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track HRTP Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 426
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Author J. Renze Steenhuisen; Mathijs M. De Weerdt; Cees Witteveen
Title Enabling agility through coordinating temporally constrained planning agents Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 457-466
Keywords Multi agent systems; Planning; Coordination; Coordination technique; Enabling technologies; Hierarchical organizations; Precedence constraints; Precedence relations; Temporal constraints; Temporal information; Autonomous agents
Abstract In crisis response, hierarchical organizations are being replaced by dynamic assemblies of autonomous agents that promise more agility. However, these autonomous agents might cause a decrease in effectiveness when individually constructed plans for moderately-coupled tasks are not jointly feasible. Existing coordination techniques can be applied in the pre-planning phase to guarantee feasible joint plans for partially-ordered tasks. Temporal relations in crisis response are often more complex than the simple precedence relations in current work. Therefore, we analyze whether temporal information can be dealt with by a conversion to partially-ordered tasks with only precedence constraints. Time windows and two temporal constraints (overlaps and during) can be rewritten in such a way that the task remains partially-ordered. When other temporal constraints (meets, starts, finishes, and equals) are used, tasks become tightly-coupled, requiring coordination in the execution phase as well. This work shows the applicability of pre-planning coordination as an enabling technology for the effective formation of agile organizations.
Address (up) Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track IMPR Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 973
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Author Lucy T. Gunawan; Martin Voshell; Stijn Oomes; David D. Woods
Title Envisioning collaboration at a distance for the evacuation of walking wounded Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 431-437
Keywords Disasters; Collaboration; Coordination; Disaster response; Evacuation; Walking wounded; Emergency services
Abstract The “walking wounded” is a category of disaster victims that can help themselves in finding their way to safety. The problem we address here is how first responders, walking wounded, and other rescue personnel can coordinate their joint activities more efficiently in order to accomplish the evacuation as quickly as possible. We focus our design on the “coordination loops” in the disaster response organization, both vertically across levels of authority, and horizontally among responders in the same echelon. In our envisioned scenario of a chemical accident we identify the most important interactions through which activities are coordinated that are crucial for a successful evacuation. We propose three different “coordination devices” that can be used by the walking wounded, the rescuers in the fields, and the people in the command center. We believe our approach, explicitly designing support systems for coordination first, will lead to important improvements in the daily practice of disaster response.
Address (up) Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; Ohio State University, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track VTC Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 554
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Author Markku T. Häkkinen; Helen T. Sullivan
Title Effective communication of warnings and critical information: Application of accessible design methods to auditory warnings Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 167-171
Keywords Computer science; Computers; Accessibility; Assistive technology; Auditory display; Effective communication; Environmental conditions; Multi-Modal Displays; People with disabilities; Warning; Speech synthesis
Abstract When a system initiates an auditory warning or alert, detection and correct identification of the information by the human recipient can be influenced by a variety of factors. Examples from aviation and public warning demonstrate instances where messages are ignored, not understood or misinterpreted. The reasons why messages may fail can stem from the design of the message itself, environmental conditions, and sensory or cognitive impairments. Based upon experience from several contexts and from the development of assistive technology for people with disabilities, promising design approaches are being explored in research on warning system design. The importance of multimodal warnings, selection of speech type, and internationalization are discussed.
Address (up) Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Agora Human Technologies Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Psychology, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track HCIS Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 558
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Author Brian M. Tomaszewski; Anthony C. Robinson; Chris E. Weaver; Michael Stryker; Alan M. MacEachren
Title Geovisual analytics and crisis management Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 173-179
Keywords Flow visualization; Visualization; Analytical reasoning; Complex connections; Geo-spatial informations; Geovisual analytics; Multiple data sources; Situational awareness; Support crisis management; Visual environments; Decision making
Abstract Increasing data heterogeneity, fragmentation and volume, coupled with complex connections among specialists in disaster response, mitigation, and recovery situations demand new approaches for information technology to support crisis management. Advances in visual analytics tools show promise to support time-sensitive collaboration, analytical reasoning, problem solving and decision making for crisis management. Furthermore, as all crises have geospatial components, crisis management tools need to include geospatial data representation and support for geographic contextualization of location-specific decision-making throughout the crisis. This paper provides an introduction to and description of Geovisual Analytics applied to crisis management activity. The goal of Geovisual Analytics in this context is to support situational awareness, problem solving, and decision making using highly interactive, visual environments that integrate multiple data sources that include georeferencing. We use an emergency support function example to discuss how recent progress in Geovisual Analytics can address the issues a crisis can present.
Address (up) Department of Geography, GeoVISTA Center, Pennsylvania State University, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track VISU Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1011
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Author Monika Büscher; Margit Kristensen; Preben Mogensen
Title Making the future palpable: Notes from a major incident future laboratory Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 71-81
Keywords Design; Ubiquitous computing; Design specification; Emergency response; Future laboratory; Future practice; Future technologies; Ubiquitous computing technology; Laboratories
Abstract Future laboratories allow users to experiment with future technologies in as realistic as possible conditions. We have devised this method because, to realize the potential of ubiquitous computing technologies it is essential to anticipate and design for future practices, but for prospective users it is often difficult to imagine and articulate future practices and provide design specifications. They readily invent new ways of working in engagement with new technologies, though and, by facilitating as realistic as possible use of prototype technologies in Future Laboratories designers and users can define both opportunities and constraints for design. We present 11 scenes from a Major Incidents Future Laboratory held in September 2005. For each scene we point out key results. Many raise tough questions rather than provide quick answers. In the discussion we summarize important lessons learnt.
Address (up) Department of Sociology, Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Computer Science Department, Aarhus University, Denmark
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track GCMR Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 355
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Author Björn J.E. Johansson; Jiri Trnka; Rego Granlund
Title The effect of geographical information systems on a collaborative command and control task Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 191-200
Keywords Communication; Computer supported cooperative work; Deforestation; Emergency services; Collaborative command and control; Command and control; Emergency response; Fire outbreak; Forest fires; Microworld; Performance; Sensor data; Geographic information systems
Abstract This paper tests the claimed benefits of using geographical information systems (GIS) in emergency response operations. An experimental study comparing command teams using GIS and paper-based maps is presented. The study utilized a combined approach using microworld simulations together with physical artefacts. Participants in the experiment took the role of command teams, facing the task of extinguishing a simulated forest fire. A total of 132 persons, forming 22 teams, participated in the study. In eleven of the teams, the participants were given access to GIS with positioning of fire-brigades as well as sensor data about the fire outbreak. In the other eleven teams, the participants were using paper-based maps. The result shows that teams using GIS performed significantly better than teams with paper-based maps in terms of saved area. Communication volume was considerably reduced in the case of GIS teams. Implications of these results on GIS are discussed as well as methodological considerations for future research.
Address (up) Dept. Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden; Rationella Datortjänster HB, Muggebo Fridensborg, SE-590 41, Rimforsa, Sweden
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track GISC Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 637
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Author Schreiber
Title Automatic generation of sensor queries in a WSN for environmental monitoring Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 245-254
Keywords Data mining; Automatic Generation; Data collection; Environmental data; Environmental Monitoring; Physical phenomena; Physical variables; Query generation; Sensor data extraction; Monitoring
Abstract The design of a WSN for environmental data monitoring is a largely ad-hoc human process. In this paper, we propose the automatic generation of queries for sensor data extraction, based on the collection of a number of parameters concerning the physical phenomenon to be controlled, the relevant physical variables, the types of sensors to be deployed and their allocation, the data collection frequencies, and other features.
Address (up) Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track DSM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 926
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Author Philippe Kruchten; Carson Woo; Kafui Monu; Mandana Sotoodeh
Title A human-centered conceptual model of disasters affecting critical infrastructures Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 327-344
Keywords Civil defense; Critical infrastructures; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Intelligent agents; Ontology; Conceptual modelling; Disaster management; Emergency preparedness; Infrastructure interdependencies; Meta model; Uml; Public works
Abstract Understanding the interdependencies of critical infrastructures (power, transport, communication, etc.) is essential in emergency preparedness and response in the face of disasters. Unfortunately, many factors (e.g., unwillingness to disclose or share critical data) prohibited the complete development of such an understanding. As an alternative solution, this paper presents a conceptual model-an ontology-of disasters affecting critical infrastructures. We bring humans into the loop and distinguish between the physical and social interdependencies between infrastructures, where the social layer deals with communication and coordination among representatives (either humans or intelligent agents) from the various critical infrastructures. We validated our conceptual model with people from several different critical infrastructures responsible for disasters management. We expect that this conceptual model can later be used by them as a common language to communicate, analyze, and simulate their interdependencies without having to disclose all critical and confidential data. We also derived tools from it.
Address (up) Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 662
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Author Gordon Gow; Peter Anderson; Nuwan Waidyanatha
Title Hazard warnings in Sri Lanka: Challenges of internetworking with Common Alerting Protocol Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 281-293
Keywords Hazards; Information services; Information systems; Open source software; Software testing; Standards; Text messaging; All-hazard; Common alerting protocols; Last-mile; Public warning; Sri Lanka; Interoperability
Abstract There is a growing call for the use of open source content standards for all-hazards, all-media alert and notification systems. This paper presents findings on the implementation of Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) as a content standard for a community-based hazard information network in Sri Lanka. CAP is being deployed as part of the HazInfo project, which has established last-mile networking capability for 32 tsunami-affected villages in Sri Lanka in order to study the suitability of various Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for a standards-based community hazard information system. Results to date suggest that the basic internetworking arrangement at lower technical layers has proven to be reasonably robust and reliable but that a key challenge remains in the upper layers of application software and content provision. This is evident in the apparent difficulties faced when implementing CAP messaging over multiple last-mile systems that include commercial satellite and terrestrial network technologies (C/L/X-Band, GSM, and CDMA in modes of voice and text). Lessons learned from silent tests and live exercises point to several key bottlenecks in the system where the integrity of CAP messages is compromised due to problems associated with software interoperability or direct human intervention. The wider implication of this finding is that content standards by themselves are not sufficient to support appropriate and timely emergency response activities. Those working with content standards for hazard information systems must consider closely the interoperability issues at various layers of interconnectivity.
Address (up) Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Telematics, Simon Fraser University, Canada; Last-Mile Hazard Warning Systems, LIRNEasia, Sri Lanka
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track DSM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 541
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Author Gertraud Peinel; Thomas Rose; Elmar Berger
Title Process-oriented risk management for smaller municipalities Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 405-410
Keywords Decision support systems; Disasters; Risk management; Risk perception; Citizen relationship managements; Crisis management; Intelligent platform; Key indicator; Management architectures; Process management; Process management systems; Soa; Information management
Abstract Project ERMA (Electronic Risk Management Architecture) develops a platform for risk managers that can be cus-tomised to individual risk management scenarios in order to meet the needs of small and medium-sized municipali-ties. Due to their limited resources, smaller boroughs call for flexible and intelligent platforms that can be tailored to a set of risk management scenarios that might range from natural disasters to man-made hazards. This paper will promote a process-oriented stance for supporting emergency management operations. The scope of services ranges from decision support via key-indicators with attached process management system up-to alarming services that incorporate citizen relationship management services to keep the citizen well informed and use him for the capture of additional information.
Address (up) Fraunhofer FIT, Schloss Birlinghoven, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track PEPA Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 837
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Author Jobst Löffler; Vera Hernández Ernst; Jochen Schon; Jens Pottebaum; Rainer Koch
Title Intelligent use of geospatial information for emergency operation management Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 181-190
Keywords Information services; Multimedia systems; Natural resources management; Ontology; Resource allocation; Geo-spatial informations; Map service; Mobile data service; Mobile service architectures; Multi-media communications; Planning and controlling; Rescue operations; Resource management; Information management
Abstract This paper presents the EU project SHARE which aims at developing a mobile service architecture to support large-scale rescue operations with multimedia communication and information services. The task of planning and controlling large-scale rescue operations requires flexible and robust tools which help the rescue forces to do their search and rescue work with maximum efficiency. Resource planning tools and cartographic information about the operation site are essential to fulfill the complex task of operation management. The Interactive Resource Management and MAP3D are two modules which have been developed in the SHARE project to enable the rescue operation leadership to do efficient coordination of their forces during an operation. Our paper will focus on features and interdependencies of both tools taking into account innovative feedback and interaction mechanisms.
Address (up) Fraunhofer IAIS, Sankt Augustin, Germany; University of Paderborn, Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track GISC Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 722
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Author Mohamad Rukieh
Title The effects of lineaments and epicentres on risk reduction in arabian rift zone Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 227-234
Keywords Earthquakes; Faulting; Epicenters; Lineaments; Remote sensing techniques; Rift zones; Risk reductions; Space image; Spatial planning; Tectonic deformations; Structural geology
Abstract This paper describes the relationship between lineaments, which determined on space images, and the epicenters and their effects on spatial planning for risk reduction. Several studies have shown that most of the epicenters occur along these lineaments or their zones, or in the block regions which are bordered by these lineaments, or where these lineaments and different tectonic deformation are intersected. This paper presents a case study on the Arabian Rift Zone which is based on the linkages among lineaments, faults, and earthquakes that occurred in the region during 1910-93. Also, this study will show that most of these earthquakes were occurred along the main and secondary rift faults or in their zone, including the faults found in sea that helped in determining the courses of these earthquakes in the sea bottom. This confirms the importance of remote sensing techniques for providing space images of different scales in seismic studies.
Address (up) General Organization of Remote Sensing, Ministry of Communication and Technology, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track SPDR Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 899
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Author John R. Harrald; Theresa I. Jefferson; Frank Fiedrich; Sebnem Sener; Clinton Mixted-Freeman
Title A first step in decision support tools for humanitarian assistance during catastrophic disasters: Modeling hazard generated needs Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 51-56
Keywords Artificial intelligence; Disasters; Hazards; Catastrophic earthquake; Catastrophic event; Decision support tools; Decision supports; Emergency responders; Humanitarian assistances; Humanitarian relief; Paper documents; Decision support systems
Abstract The US has not yet developed adequate models for estimating hazard generated needs, the necessary first step for developing useful decision support systems needed to estimate the capability and capacity of the response forces required. Modeling and technology required to support the decisions made by humanitarian relief organizations requires scenario driven catastrophic planning. This paper documents the lack of effective decision support tools and systems for humanitarian aid and describes the current state of models and methods used for determination of hazard generated needs. The paper discusses work performed on a catastrophic earthquake preparedness project. It outlines how the results of this project will be used to advance the modeling and decision support capabilities of federal, state and local disaster planners and emergency responders.
Address (up) George Washington University (GWU), Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management (ICDRM), United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track HOPS Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 561
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