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Author Joeri Van Laere; Jessica Lindblom; Tarja Susi
Title Requirements for emergency management training from a 'passion for failures' perspective Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 449-456
Keywords Civil defense; Disasters; Failure (mechanical); Feedback; Learning systems; Coaching; Emergency management; Learning process; Organizational learning; Swedishs; Training exercise; Risk management
Abstract Swedish municipalities are stimulated to conduct emergency management exercises in addition to developing crisis plans. These exercises tend to be grounded in an instrumental philosophy. There is too much focus on doing the exercise and too little attention for the implementation of lessons learned afterwards. A common experience is that the same 'mistakes' are discovered again and again in yearly exercises. Furthermore there is a paradoxical balance between empowering the organization in its learning process (positive feedback) and revealing the failures (negative feedback). In this paper we reflect on the learning process in a Swedish municipality in 2006 where two emergency management exercises were held and where a minor and a major crisis occurred during the year. We argue that the longitudinal learning process should be the focus in stead of ad hoc exercises. In addition we develop some requirements for emergency management training from a 'passion for failures' perspective.
Address University of Skövde, Sweden
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) APFF Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1043
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Author Hagen Engelmann; Frank Fiedrich
Title Decision support for the members of an emergency operation centre after an earthquake Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 317-326
Keywords Decision making; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Human computer interaction; Intelligent agents; Multi agent systems; Collaborative research; Complex environments; Decision making process; Decision supports; Emergency operations; Optimal resource allocation; RPD model; User friendly interface; Decision support systems
Abstract The first three days after an earthquake disaster demand good decisions in a very complex environment. Members of emergency operation centres (EOC) have to make decisions with limited information and under high time pressure. But the first 72 hours of disaster response activities are essential to minimize loss of life. Within the interdisciplinary German Collaborative Research Center 461: “Strong Earthquakes: A Challenge for Geosciences and Civil Engineering” a so-called Disaster Management Tool (DMT) is under development which presents some ideas for appropriate solutions to this problem. One module of the DMT will provide decision-support for the members of an EOC based on the Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model, a description of the decision-making process of persons in real-world settings. Options for a reasonable computer-based decision support for the RPD process will be discussed. For this the system combines a simulation of the disaster environment with a multi-agent system (MAS). The simulation shows the results of different decisions so the decision-makers can evaluate them. The MAS calculates a solution for optimal resource allocation taking into account current available information. The goal of the ongoing work is to integrate these instruments into a user-friendly interface considering the real life needs of decision-makers in an EOC.
Address Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 477
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Author Juan Godoy
Title A holistic approach to emergency evacuation information support systems Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 345-354
Keywords Human resource management; Interface states; Systems engineering; Critical component; Emergency evacuation; Emergency operations; Emergency operations centers; Information support systems; Management systems; Mitigation measures; Public information; Information management
Abstract In the USA the basic objective of local and state government's Emergency Operations Plans (EOP) is to implement mitigation measures to reduce the loss of life and property damage by the efficient mobilization and deployment of resources. The evacuation of citizens out of harms way either before an impeding disaster or after the occurrence of one is a critical component of any EOP. This document represents a summary of the Evacuation Plan designed for the City of New Orleans. Results of live field exercises conducted during the 2006 Hurricane Season and suggestions for improvement will be highlighted. The ideal Emergency Evacuation Tracking System will be designed to operate within a System of Systems framework with interfaces: to field personnel, emergency managers and logisticians operating in an Emergency Operations Center (EOC), with state and local government systems such as public information emergency hotline (311 Centers in the USA), asset tracking management systems and others.
Address Unisys Corporation, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 529
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Author Johan Jenvald; Michael Morin; Toomas Timpka; Henrik Eriksson
Title Simulation as decision support in pandemic influenza preparedness and response Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 295-304
Keywords Decision making; International cooperation; Models; Population statistics; Decision supports; Local community; Pandemic influenza; Preparedness; Response; Simulation; Workflow; Decision support systems
Abstract Outbreak of a destructive pandemic influenza threatens to disrupt societies worldwide. International agencies and national governments have prepared plans and recommendations, but it is often decision-makers with the local authorities that are responsible for implementing the response. A central issue for these decision makers is what interventions are available and effective for the specific local community. The paper presents a simulator architecture and its relation to a workflow for decision support in influenza preparedness and response. The simulator can simulate pandemic scenarios, using localized community models, in the presence of various interventions to support an evaluation of potential response strategies. The architecture includes a customized modeling tool, separated from the simulation engine, which facilitates swift scenario modification and recalculation. This flexibility is essential both to explore alternative solutions in planning, and to adapt to changing requirements, information, and resources in outbreak response. An example simulation, based on actual population data from a reference city, illustrates the approach.
Address VSL Research Labs, Linköping, Sweden; Dept. of Social Medicine and Public Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 628
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Author Philippe Kruchten; Carson Woo; Kafui Monu; Mandana Sotoodeh
Title A human-centered conceptual model of disasters affecting critical infrastructures Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 327-344
Keywords Civil defense; Critical infrastructures; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Intelligent agents; Ontology; Conceptual modelling; Disaster management; Emergency preparedness; Infrastructure interdependencies; Meta model; Uml; Public works
Abstract Understanding the interdependencies of critical infrastructures (power, transport, communication, etc.) is essential in emergency preparedness and response in the face of disasters. Unfortunately, many factors (e.g., unwillingness to disclose or share critical data) prohibited the complete development of such an understanding. As an alternative solution, this paper presents a conceptual model-an ontology-of disasters affecting critical infrastructures. We bring humans into the loop and distinguish between the physical and social interdependencies between infrastructures, where the social layer deals with communication and coordination among representatives (either humans or intelligent agents) from the various critical infrastructures. We validated our conceptual model with people from several different critical infrastructures responsible for disasters management. We expect that this conceptual model can later be used by them as a common language to communicate, analyze, and simulate their interdependencies without having to disclose all critical and confidential data. We also derived tools from it.
Address Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 662
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Author Stephen Potter; Yannis Kalfoglou; Harith Alani; Michelle Bachler; Simon Buckingham Shum; Rodrigo Carvalho; Ajay Chakravarthy; Stuart Chalmers; Sam Chapman; Beibei Hu; Alun Preece; Nigel Shadbolt; Austin Tate; Mischa Tuffield
Title The application of advanced knowledge technologies for emergency response Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 361-368
Keywords Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Decision supports; Emergency response; Intelligent messaging; Semantic technologies; Sensemaking; Emergency services
Abstract Making sense of the current state of an emergency and of the response to it is vital if appropriate decisions are to be made. This task involves the acquisition, interpretation and management of information. In this paper we present an integrated system that applies recent ideas and technologies from the fields of Artificial Intelligence and semantic web research to support sense-and decision-making at the tactical response level, and demonstrate it with reference to a hypothetical large-scale emergency scenario. We offer no end-user evaluation of this system; rather, we intend that it should serve as a visionary demonstration of the potential of these technologies for emergency response.
Address University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Open University, United Kingdom; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 852
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Author Alexander Smirnov; Mikhail Pashkin; Nikolay Shilov; Tatiana Levashova
Title Intelligent support of context-based megadisaster management: Hybrid technology and case study Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 305-316
Keywords Decision support systems; Hurricanes; Constraint Satisfaction; Context management; Decision supports; Humanitarian logistics; Hybrid technology; Intelligent decision making; Intelligent support; Ontology management; Decision making
Abstract The situation with the hurricane Katrina showed that the conventional tiered response to disaster event, whereby state and local officials are responsible for the first few days, does not work well in case of megadisasters (massive hurricanes, earthquakes, large-scale acts of terrorism, etc.). Such situations require application of new technologies for preparing the operation, interoperability between the operation participants, and decision support for officials. Here presented approach proposes a context-driven decision support schema based on integration of such technologies as context & ontology management and constraint satisfaction. The application of the approach is illustrated via a case study of a portable hospital arrangement.
Address St.Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 958
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Author Tomoichi Takahashi
Title Agent-based disaster simulation evaluation and its probability model interpretation Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 369-376
Keywords Disasters; Probability; Agent based simulation; Agent based social simulation; Agent-based approach; Agent-based social simulations; Disaster simulation; Evaluation method; Local government; Probability modeling; Computer simulation
Abstract Agent-based simulations enable the simulation of social phenomenon by representing human behaviors using agents. Human actions such as evacuating to safe havens or extinguishing fires in disaster areas are important during earthquakes. The inclusion of human actions in calculating the damage at disaster sites provides useful data to local governments for planning purposes. In order to practically apply these simulation results, these results should be tested using actual data. Further, these results should be analyzed and explained in a manner that people who are not agent programmers can also understand easily. First, the possibility of applying agent-based approaches to social tasks is shown by comparing the simulation results with those obtained from other methods. Next, we propose a method to present agent behaviors using a probability model and discuss the results of applying this method to the RoboCup Rescue simulation data. These will delve into future research topics for developing agent based social simulations to practical ones.
Address Meijo University, Japan
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 988
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Author Gerhard Wickler; Austin Tate; Stephen Potter
Title Integrating discrete event and process-level simulation for flexible training in the I-X framework Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 355-359
Keywords Discrete event simulation; Information systems; Personnel training; Activity modeling; Agent Framework; Discrete-event simulators; Emergency response; Flexible trainings; Fully integrated; HTN planning; Training scenario; Emergency services
Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe I-Sim, a simulation tool that is a fully integrated part of the underlying agent framework, I-X. I-Sim controls a discrete event simulator, based on the same activity model that is shared between all I-X components, and multiple process-level simulators that model the continuous change caused by actions that are considered as primitives by the rest of the system. The primary purpose of this tool is to support instructors during exercises that are used for training in emergency response. The main advantage the I-Sim tool gives the instructors is flexibility, allowing them to orchestrate and modify existing training scenarios on the fly, adapting them to trainees' needs as required.
Address AIAI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) ASCM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1086
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Author Murray E. Jennex
Title Reflections on strong angel III: Some lessons learned Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 537-544
Keywords Demonstrations; Disasters; Personnel training; Disaster response; San Diego; Strong Angel; Emergency services
Abstract Strong Angel III was a civilian military disaster response demonstration held in San Diego in /August, 2006. This demonstration resulted in the generation of a great deal of knowledge that can potentially benefit disaster response efforts world wide. This paper attempts to capture this knowledge and to reflect on the demonstration for its value to the community.
Address San Diego State University, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) CMCO Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 625
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Author Xiang Yao; Murray Turoff
Title Using task structure to improve Collaborative Scenario Creation Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 591-594
Keywords Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Collaborative Scenario Creation; Creation process; Design tasks; Entity-relationship; Modeling methodology; Task structure; Design
Abstract This paper provides a task structure design for collaborative scenario elicitation. Task structure design is part of this effort to design a new Collaborative Scenario Creation (CSC) system. The complexity of the scenario creation process hinders participants, especially novice participants, from prudently designing scenarios. Research in Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) shows that task structure helps to improve processes and collaborations. To design task structure for collaborative scenario elicitation, this paper invokes the Entity-Relationship data modeling methodology.
Address New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) CSE Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1125
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Author Massimiliano De Leoni; Fabio De Rosa; Andrea Marrella; Massimo Mecella; Antonella Poggi; Alenka Krek; Francesco Manti
Title Emergency management: From user requirements to a flexible P2P architecture Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 271-279
Keywords Civil defense; Design; Disasters; Risk management; Civil protection; Continuous interactions; Emergency management systems; Emergency scenario; European research project; High level architecture; Peer-to-peer architectures; User centered designs; Information management
Abstract The most effective way to design an emergency management system matching user needs is to perform a User-Centered Design; it relies on continuous interactions with end-users in order to understand better and better how organizations are arranged during emergencies, which data are exchanged and which steps are performed by organizations to face disastrous events. In this paper we (i) illustrate the methodology used to collect the user requirements for the emergency management system developed in the European research project WORKPAD, and (ii) describe the WORKPAD high level architecture stemming from such requirements. Specifically, the methodology is applied in the context of Regional Civil Protection of Calabria (Italy) and is used as basis to provide more general user requirements for emergency management systems.
Address SAPIENZA-Universit di Roma, Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Italy; Regione Calabria, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Italy
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) DSM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 438
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Author Dirk Fahland; Timo Mika Gläßer; Bastian Quilitz; Stephan Weißleder; Ulf Leser
Title HUODINI-flexible information integration for disaster management Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 255-262
Keywords Disaster prevention; Information management; Information retrieval; Semantic Web; Disaster management; Flexible integration; Heterogeneous data sources; Information integration; ITS architecture; Satellite images; Semantic integration; Semantic Web technology; Disasters
Abstract Fast and effective disaster management requires access to a multitude of heterogeneous, distributed, and quickly changing data sets, such as maps, satellite images, or governmental databases. In the last years, also the information created by affected persons on web sites such as flickr.com or blogger.com became an important and very quickly adapting source of information. We developed HUODINI, a prototype system for the flexible integration and visu-alization of heterogeneous data sources for disaster management. HUODINI is based on Semantic Web technologies, and in particular RDF, to offer maximal flexibility in the types of data sources it can integrate. It supports a hybrid push/pull approach to cater for the requirements of fast-changing sources, such as news feeds, and maximum performance for querying the integrated data set. In this paper, we describe the design goals underlying our approach, its architecture, and report on first experiences with the system.
Address Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) DSM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 479
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Author Gordon Gow; Peter Anderson; Nuwan Waidyanatha
Title Hazard warnings in Sri Lanka: Challenges of internetworking with Common Alerting Protocol Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 281-293
Keywords Hazards; Information services; Information systems; Open source software; Software testing; Standards; Text messaging; All-hazard; Common alerting protocols; Last-mile; Public warning; Sri Lanka; Interoperability
Abstract There is a growing call for the use of open source content standards for all-hazards, all-media alert and notification systems. This paper presents findings on the implementation of Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) as a content standard for a community-based hazard information network in Sri Lanka. CAP is being deployed as part of the HazInfo project, which has established last-mile networking capability for 32 tsunami-affected villages in Sri Lanka in order to study the suitability of various Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for a standards-based community hazard information system. Results to date suggest that the basic internetworking arrangement at lower technical layers has proven to be reasonably robust and reliable but that a key challenge remains in the upper layers of application software and content provision. This is evident in the apparent difficulties faced when implementing CAP messaging over multiple last-mile systems that include commercial satellite and terrestrial network technologies (C/L/X-Band, GSM, and CDMA in modes of voice and text). Lessons learned from silent tests and live exercises point to several key bottlenecks in the system where the integrity of CAP messages is compromised due to problems associated with software interoperability or direct human intervention. The wider implication of this finding is that content standards by themselves are not sufficient to support appropriate and timely emergency response activities. Those working with content standards for hazard information systems must consider closely the interoperability issues at various layers of interconnectivity.
Address Faculty of Extension, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Telematics, Simon Fraser University, Canada; Last-Mile Hazard Warning Systems, LIRNEasia, Sri Lanka
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) DSM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 541
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Author Eli Rohn
Title A survey of schema standards and portals for emergency management and collaboration Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 263-269
Keywords Civil defense; Data integration; Data structures; Disasters; Risk management; Standards; Surveys; Emergency management; Exhaustive lists; Fair representation; Government agencies; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards; Standard bodies; Information management
Abstract We survey several emergency management related data structures and portals designed or adopted by standard bodies such as Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), as well as standards designed or adopted by government agencies in the US and in the UK. The survey is by no means an exhaustive list of such standards and portals, but it gives a fair representation of the current state of affairs and resources to practitioners and researchers alike.
Address New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) DSM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 886
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Author Schreiber
Title Automatic generation of sensor queries in a WSN for environmental monitoring Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 245-254
Keywords Data mining; Automatic Generation; Data collection; Environmental data; Environmental Monitoring; Physical phenomena; Physical variables; Query generation; Sensor data extraction; Monitoring
Abstract The design of a WSN for environmental data monitoring is a largely ad-hoc human process. In this paper, we propose the automatic generation of queries for sensor data extraction, based on the collection of a number of parameters concerning the physical phenomenon to be controlled, the relevant physical variables, the types of sensors to be deployed and their allocation, the data collection frequencies, and other features.
Address Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) DSM Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 926
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Author Dragos Datcu; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
Title The use of active appearance model for facial expression recognition in crisis environments Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 515-524
Keywords Face recognition; Gesture recognition; Active appearance models; Automatic evaluation; Automatic facial expression recognition; Computer vision techniques; Context-aware systems; Crisis management systems; Facial expression recognition; Human computer interfaces; Human computer interaction
Abstract In the past a crisis event was notified by local witnesses that use to make phone calls to the special services. They reported by speech according to their observation on the crisis site. The recent improvements in the area of human computer interfaces make possible the development of context-aware systems for crisis management that support people in escaping a crisis even before external help is available at site. Apart from collecting the people's reports on the crisis, these systems are assumed to automatically extract useful clues during typical human computer interaction sessions. The novelty of the current research resides in the attempt to involve computer vision techniques for performing an automatic evaluation of facial expressions during human-computer interaction sessions with a crisis management system. The current paper details an approach for an automatic facial expression recognition module that may be included in crisis-oriented applications. The algorithm uses Active Appearance Model for facial shape extraction and SVM classifier for Action Units detection and facial expression recognition.
Address Man-Machine Interaction Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD, Delft, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) EMOT Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 425
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Author Siska Fitrianie; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
Title An automated crisis online dispatcher Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 525-536
Keywords Human computer interaction; Natural language processing systems; Speech processing; Crisis management; Crisis situations; Dialogue systems; Emotion recognition; Emotional state; Human-computer dialogues; NAtural language processing; Natural user interactions; Behavioral research
Abstract An experimental automated dialogue system that plays the role of a crisis hotline dispatcher is currently developed. Besides controlling the communication flow, this system is able to retrieve information about crisis situations from user's input. It offers a natural user interaction by the ability to perceive and respond to human emotions. The system has an emotion recognizer that is able to recognize the emotional loading from user's linguistic content. The recognizer uses a database that contains selected keywords on a 2D “arousal” and “valence” scale. The output of the system provides not only the information about the user's emotional state but also an indication of the urgency of his/her information regarding to crisis. The dialogue system is able to start a user friendly dialogue, taking care of the content, context and emotional loading of user's utterances.
Address Man-Machine Interaction Group, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) EMOT Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 495
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Author Rosemarijn Looije; Mark A. Neerincx; Geert-Jan M. Kruijff
Title Affective collaborative robots for safety & crisis management in the field Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 497-506
Keywords Human robot interaction; Man machine systems; Affective communication; Affective Computing; Cognitive architectures; Cognitive workloads; Collaborative control; Collaborative robots; Decision process; Human-robot collaboration; Human computer interaction
Abstract The lack of human-robot collaboration currently presents a bottleneck to widespread use of robots in urban search & rescue (USAR) missions. The paper argues that an important aspect of realizing human-robot collaboration is collaborative control, and the recognition and expression of affect. Affective collaborative robots can enhance joint human-robot performance by adapting the robot's (social) role and interaction to the user's affective state and the context. Current USAR robots lack these capabilities. This paper presents theory, application domains, and requirements for affective collaborative robots based on the current state of the art. With methods from cognitive architectures, affective computing, and human-robot interaction, three core functions of affective collaborative robots can be realized: sliding autonomy, affective communication, and adaptive attitude. These robot functions can substantially enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of rescue workers and meanwhile reduce their cognitive workload. Furthermore, robots with such functions can approach civilians in the field appropriately.
Address TNO Defense, Security and Safety, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands; German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI GmbH), Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) EMOT Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 723
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Author Zhenke Yang; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
Title Emotion sensing for context sensitive interpretation of crisis reports Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 507-514
Keywords Computer science; Computers; Fusion reactions; Context sensitive; Emergent interpretation; Emotion; Emotion modeling; Emotional quality; Environmental agency; Multi-modal; Scenario scripts; Quality control
Abstract The emotional qualities of a report play an important role in the evaluation of eye witness reports in crisis centers. Human operators in the crisis center can use the amount of anxiety and stress detected in a spoken report to rapidly estimate the possible impact and urgency of a report and the appropriate response to the reporter. This paper presents ongoing work in automated multi-modal emotion sensing of crisis reports in order to reduce the cognitive load on human operators. Our approach is based on the work procedures adopted by the crisis response center Rijnmond environmental agency (DCMR) and assumes a spoken dialogue between a reporter and a crisis control center. We use an emotion model based on conceptual graphs that is continually evaluated while the dialogue continues. We show how the model can be applied to interpret crisis report in a fictional toxic gas dispersion scenario.
Address Man-Machine-Interaction Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628CD Delft, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) EMOT Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1123
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Author Nitesh Bharosa; Jaco Appelman; Peter De Bruin
Title Integrating technology in crisis response using an information manager: First lessons learned from field exercises in the Port of Rotterdam Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 63-70
Keywords Information systems; Crisis management; Incomplete information; Information managers; Information structures; Integrating information; Integrating technology; Operational command; Situational awareness; Managers
Abstract Integrating information technology (IT) in crisis management networks is a difficult and long-term endeavor. First responders must establish situational awareness and take decisions under time pressure with incomplete information. Partly, this can be mitigated by adopting more advanced IT, however practice shows that adoption is hampered because of the required change in routines and procedures. We believe that we can moderate a change in routines and stimulate the adoption of technology by introducing a new role: the information manager (IM). This paper presents some results of the first round of field observations. The main conclusion is that the IM is instrumental where it concerns, speeding up the process of establishing situational awareness and improving the information structures. In order to further improve the production of situational awareness we suggest that further research should address the issues of the internalization of process guidelines and enhancing the adaptability of information systems.
Address Delft University of Technology, Corgwell, Netherlands; NoSe Innovations, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) FRIT Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 322
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Author T. Benjamins; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
Title Interactive simulation in crisis management Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 571-580
Keywords Autonomous agents; Communication infrastructure; Crises situations; Crisis management; Decision making process; Event generators; Interactive simulations; Serious gaming; Training facility; Multi agent systems
Abstract Experiments in crisis management are expensive and difficult to realize. There is also a lack of training facilities in real crisis environments. Serious games and simulation can provide an alternative. We developed a system which enables interactive simulation for crisis management. It is called IMACSIM (Interactive Multi Agent Crisis Simulator Interpreter and Monitor). It is composed of the following components: First a software based platform for dynamic simulating of disasters. Next an event generator which can generate different crises situations. We designed a communication infrastructure that allows agents participants in the simulation to exchange messages. Every agent is able to observe the results of crisis events, process these events and initiate appropriate actions via a waypoint system. The decision making process is distributed among autonomous agents. Some actions may have an impact on the event generator, so there is an interaction between agents and event generator. We developed a first prototype. The design and test results will be described in this paper.
Address Man-Machine Interaction Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) GAME Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 303
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Author Eric F. T. Buiël; Jan Lubbers
Title Educational agents for the training of tunnel operators Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 545-550
Keywords Intelligent agents; Railroad tunnels; Crisis management; Educational agents; Research activities; Training simulator; Personnel training
Abstract The tunnel operator monitors and regulates the flow of traffic inside a tunnel, and takes actions in case an incident occurs. TNO has developed a training simulator that enables the operator to train incident situations. We are currently improving the simulator by developing intelligent agents that support a qualified operator, who trains himself, without the presence of a human instructor. This paper provides an overview of research activities in this project. In particular, it describes two types of educational agents, the authoritative instructor agent and the non-authoritative companion agent.
Address TNO Defence, Security and Safety, The Hague, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) GAME Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 350
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Author Joske M. Houtkamp; Frank A. Bos
Title Evaluation of a virtual scenario training for leading firefighters Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 565-570
Keywords Fire extinguishers; Evaluation; Firefighting; Interface problems; Training applications; Usability; Virtual scenario; Virtual training; Visual information; E-learning
Abstract Artesis Virtual and VSTEP BV developed a virtual scenario training for leading firefighters. We evaluated the usability of the training application and measured the satisfaction of 53 trainees. The trainees were positive about the training application, the training itself, and the interaction with the interface. We observed that trainees experienced navigation difficulties and sometimes misjudged visual information. Evaluations of new versions of this application, should address the influence of interface problems on performance.
Address Center for Content and Knowledge Engineering, Center for Advanced Gaming and Simulation, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Dept. of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) GAME Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 596
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Author Renato Iannella; Karen Henricksen
Title Managing information in the disaster coordination centre: Lessons and opportunities Type Conference Article
Year 2007 Publication Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers Abbreviated Journal ISCRAM 2007
Volume Issue Pages 581-590
Keywords Information management; Document structure; ICT infrastructures; Incident notification; Information levels; Information management software; Information management systems; Information structures; Resource messaging; Disasters
Abstract The current scope of ICT support for disaster coordination is primarily focused at either the network or data levels. There is significant opportunity for ICT to play an even more important role for disaster coordination at the information level. This paper reviews the information structures and requirements gathered from disaster coordination centres based on exercise observations. Such coordination of information is usually based on national frameworks that document structures, roles, and responsibilities, but are seldom supported by relevant ICT infrastructure or systems. This paper uses the lessons learned from the exercise observations to identify future opportunities for information management software to support disaster centre operations. In particular, the paper introduces a prototypical Crisis Information Management System we are developing to support two challenges: incident notification and resource messaging. The system is based on open standards under development within the OASIS standards consortium, and will be evaluated as part of future exercises.
Address National ICT Australia (NICTA), Queensland Research Laboratory, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM Place of Publication Delft Editor B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 9789054874171; 9789090218717 Medium
Track (up) GAME Expedition Conference 4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 608
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