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	Author	Hans Zimmermann
	Title	Recent developments in emergency telecommunications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	327-334
	Keywords	Disasters; Information systems; Telecommunication; Analysis and evaluation; Early warning; Emergency; Emergency preparedness and response; Mitigation; Regulatory frameworks; Response; Telecommunication technologies; Emergency services
	Abstract	Recent Developments in the telecommunication technology offer a number of additional tools not only for the providers of emergency and disaster response, but may also facilitate early warning. Their application depends, however, on the regulatory framework governing telecommunications and on their appropriateness for the specific requirements in the pre-, peri- and postimpact phases of an event. Telecommunications are a key element for to the success of emergency preparedness and response, and the application of all available technologies and networks saves lives. The recent events in the Indian Ocean Region will have to be the subject of detailed analysis and evaluation of all existing mechanisms, hopefully leading to improvements in the organizational and operational field. First information available already in the immediate aftermath of the events of 26 December 2004 has been applied to the considerations in the present paper.
	Address	CEASA, IARU, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT AND WARNING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1163
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	Author	Yan, S.
	Title	Design of enterprise crisis predicting system based on cluster and outlier data mining			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	143-145
	Keywords	Forecasting; Industry; Information systems; Statistics; Cluster; Crisis predicting system; Frame construction; Working process; Data mining
	Abstract	In order to solve such problems as half-structured and non-structured data analysis in enterprise crisis predicting system, a predicting system based on cluster and outlier data mining is put forward. The system organization, frame construction, function and working principles are illustrated. And the working process is showed by an example of cheat predicting. The experimental results show that this method is efficient and it is a new way to solve such problems.
	Address	School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, 150001, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1117
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	Author	Max Wyss
	Title	Earthquake loss estimates applied in real time and to megacity risk assessment			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	297-299
	Keywords	Developing countries; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Human resource management; Information systems; Risk assessment; Earthquake risk; Global community; International rescue; Loss estimates; Major disasters; Organizational aspects; Real-time loss; Satellite images; Earthquakes
	Abstract	Real time loss estimates within one to two hours after major earthquakes are becoming useful for disaster managers and rescue teams to respond rapidly and at an optimal level. Tests show that the accuracy is low, but major disasters can be reliably distinguished from inconsequential earthquakes. Many technical and organizational aspects of these estimates can and should be improved. An analysis of what magnitude of disaster is likely to occur, if a major earthquake should occur near a megacity in a developing country shows that much work needs to be done to mitigate the risk, and that the global community is ill prepared to deal with such large disasters.
	Address	World Agency of Planetary Monitoring and Earthquake Risk Reduction, Geneva, Switzerland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE: SPECIAL SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1110
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	Author	Mark Wood
	Title	Cell@lert, for government-to-citizen mass communications in emergencies; 'It's about time'			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	323-326
	Keywords	Cells; Cellular telephones; Disasters; Information systems; Mobile phones; Risk management; Cellular mobile; Cellular system; Emergency management; Individual cells; International scale; Mass communication; Reserved capacity; Specific areas; Cytology
	Abstract	Cell Broadcasting has been an existing feature of GSM, UMTS, CDMA and PDC for many years, which however is rarely used. It has three attributes that make it very good for Government to Citizen mass communications in emergencies. 1) It uses reserved capacity for this feature; traffic does not take its bandwidth. Therefore it works even if the cellular system is in full overload, as it always is during disasters. 2) It can place millions of text messages on mobile phone within seconds, and is scalable to any size of broadcast including international scale without any additional time penalty. Most mobile phones have the capability now, so there is no need to build more infrastructures or replace phones. 3) By selecting the individual cells to be used, specific areas can be targeted with different messages, so that people in one area can be asked to evacuate, while in another they can be advised to stay. The government of Holland is the first in the world to adopt the technology, which will be operational by May 2005.
	Address	Cellatlert, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT AND WARNING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1098
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	Author	Rene Windhouwer; Gerdien A. Klunder; F.M. Sanders
	Title	Decision support system emergency planning, creating evacuation strategies in the event of flooding			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	171-180
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Behavioral research; Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Oil well flooding; Risk perception; Traffic control; Decision support system (dss); Decision supports; Emergency planning; Evacuation; Evacuation strategy; Extreme weather; River flooding; Traffic flow; Floods
	Abstract	The Decision Support System (DSS) Emergency Planning is designed for use in the event of sea or river flooding. It makes accessible all the information related to the decision whether to evacuate an area. An important factor in this decision is the time required for the evacuation. The model used by the DSS Emergency Planning system to estimate the time required employs a strategy that prevents congestion on the road network in the area at risk. The use of the DSS Emergency Planning system during the proactive and prevention phases enables disaster containment organisations to prepare better for a flood situation. Moreover, all relevant information is saved and is therefore available for the post-disaster evaluation. The DSS Emergency Planning system can play a significant role in ensuring that the evacuation of an area at risk goes according to plan. In the future the DSS Emergency Planning system can also be used to evacuate people in the event of a nuclear, natural fire or extreme weather disaster.
	Address	Ingenieursbureau Oranjewoud, Netherlands; TNO Inro, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1094
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	Author	Maarten Van Someren; Niels Netten; Vanessa Evers; Henriette Cramer; Robert De Hoog; Guido Bruinsma
	Title	A trainable information distribution system to support crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	203-206
	Keywords	Hardware; Collaborative settings; Crisis response; Dynamic workflow modeling; Information distribution systems; Information distributions; Information overloads; Support crisis management; User profile; Information systems
	Abstract	Crisis response and management involve multiple collaborative actors who execute tasks in a dynamic setting. For the effectiveness of collaboration and crisis fighting it is essential that all actors have access to relevant information necessary for their tasks. Managing the information flow, i.e. presenting the right information to the right person at the right time, is of great importance. However, the complexity of a crisis event makes it very difficult to keep an overview of all ongoing activities and information flow within the entire crisis environment. In this paper we address the problem of selecting and distributing information to users as a function of their characteristics, tasks and the state of their workflows in a collaborative setting. In particular, we propose a trainable system for information distribution that will be able to support the dynamic nature of collaborative processes and provide users with task-relevant information. We expect that this will reduce problems due to information overload and will lead to more effective collaboration between all actors in the crisis management environment.
	Address	Human-Computer Studies Laboratory (HCS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Netherlands; Gedragswetenschappen (GW), University of Twente (UT), Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	TRAINING AND GAMING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1046
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	Author	Bartel A. Van De Walle; Benny Carlé
	Title	Welcome message from the ISCRAM2005 Conference Chairs			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track		Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1038
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	Author	Marcel Van Berlo; Richelle Van Rijk; Eric F. T. Buiël
	Title	A PC-based virtual environment for training team decision-making in high-risk situations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	195-200
	Keywords	Fire extinguishers; Information systems; Personnel training; Virtual reality; Effectiveness and efficiencies; Firefighters; High-risk situations; Making decision; Team decision-making; Team training; Training program; Virtual training environments; Risk perception
	Abstract	Live team training of firefighters has several disadvantages. Firstly, it is costly because many team members and training staff are involved. Secondly, not all team members have the same competency level, and some individuals may just not be ready to train in a team context. Thirdly, live training in high-risk situations is difficult and dangerous. Consequently, critical situations can not be trained adequately. Following a scenario-based and a rapid prototyping approach, we are designing and developing a pc-based virtual training environment to train individual firefighters in making decisions in a team context operating in high-risk situations. This individual training program can better prepare the firefighters for live training, enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of these team-training exercises. In this paper we describe the training-method, we outline how this is technologically implemented and discuss how we are planning to test the prototype.
	Address	TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Department of Training and Simulation, PO Box 23, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, Netherlands; TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Department of Training and Simulation, P.O. Box 96864, 2509 JG The Hague, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	TRAINING AND GAMING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1035
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	Author	Murray Turoff; Michael J. Chumer; Xiang Yao; Joseph Konopka; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	Crisis planning via scenario development gaming			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	207-212
	Keywords	Information systems; Competitive games; Crisis planning; Emergency preparedness; Gaming; Planning process; Scenario development; Sencario development; Crime
	Abstract	This paper introduces a particular approach to improving the planning process in emergency preparedness. This involves the specification of a competitive game to have opposing defense and offense teams develop and improve their respective plans for defense and offense.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States; DeVry University, NJ, United States; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	TRAINING AND GAMING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1029
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	Author	Jiri Trnka; Michael Le Duc; Ake Sivertun
	Title	Inter-organizational issues in ICT, GIS and GSD – Mapping Swedish emergency management at the local and regional level			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	75-82
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Electronic data interchange; Information systems; Risk management; Societies and institutions; Emergency management; Geo-spatial data; Ict; Interorganizational cooperation; Services; Geographic information systems
	Abstract	Inter-organizational issues are very challenging in emergency management (EM). In this paper, aspects of information and communication technologies (ICT), geographical information systems (GIS) and geospatial data (GSD) in the Swedish EM system, an EM system involving a large number of EM organizations, are reported based on a case study. The issues concerned include separated ICT & GIS development between organizations and formation of technological coalitions, problems of identification and access of GSD, located through the large number organizations, as well as uncoordinated launching of web-based GIS service. Possible implications of this situation for command and control are discussed. Additionally, areas for further research are suggested.
	Address	Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	COMPLEXITY and INTEROPERABILITY	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1019
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	Author	Kathryn Toelken; Matthew W. Seeger; Allen Batteau
	Title	Learning and renewal following threat and crisis: The experience of a computer services firm in response to Y2K and 9/11			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	43-51
	Keywords	Information systems; Computer services; Crisis; Learning process; Organizational learning; Renewal; Threat; Knowledge management
	Abstract	This paper reports on a research project in progress. This project is an investigation of the ways in which organizations learn in response to threats and crises. Considerable scholarship in organizational learning theory, renewal, and in organizational crisis suggests that the ability of organizations to learn and reconstitute themselves is a critical capacity for successfully responding to crises and threats. These learning processes are examined within the context of a global, Fortune 100 computer services firm and its response to the Y2K threat and the 9/11 crisis.
	Address	Department of Communication, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1008
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	Author	Mark F. Taylor; Russell J. Graves
	Title	Adaptive risk-readiness decision support for infrastructure protection			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	161-169
	Keywords	Flow visualization; Information systems; Resource allocation; Risk assessment; Risk management; Visualization; Adaptive decision making; Collaboration; Decision support interfaces; Decision supports; Dynamic decision; Emergency management; Infrastructure protection; Readiness assessment; Decision support systems
	Abstract	This paper presents a system concept for integrating the mass of information critical to infrastructure protection operations. Our main focus and contribution lies in (1) coupling risk assessments into a dynamic decision support process, and (2) providing a collaboration and visualization decision support interface for representing complex and changing infrastructure protection information. The system concept supports adaptive decision making based upon dynamic risk and readiness assessments. Users benefit from having a more comprehensive and up-to-date risk picture on which to base their judgments.
	Address	MITRE Corporation, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	998
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	Author	Bogdan Tatomir; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
	Title	Crisis management using mobile ad-hoc wireless networks			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	147-149
	Keywords	Ad hoc networks; Disaster prevention; Information systems; Personal digital assistants; Traffic congestion; Wireless telecommunication systems; Crisis management; Current situation; Disaster management; Distributed blackboard; Icons; Mobile ad hoc wireless networks; Pda; Wireless communications; Management information systems
	Abstract	In this paper we describe a disaster management system. It is assumed that each individual in the field is equipped with a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and that can communicate with other PDAs in the vicinity. Together the PDAs form an ad-hoc network. Users can enter their own observations to the PDA, like the position of victims, or a description of the current situation at particular location (e.g. smoke, emergency exits, traffic congestion). This information is entered in a special iconic language. Reversibly, the PDAs inform the users on the overall current situation of the crisis. In order to come to a shared view of the world, the knowledge that is present in the network has to be shared and fused. The proposed way to communicate is via a shared blackboard. This approach facilitates communication in a time and place independent way.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	996
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	Author	Siegfried Streufert
	Title	Emergency decision making and metacomplexity			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	67-73
	Keywords	Computational complexity; Forecasting; Information systems; Measurements; Personnel training; Cognitive process; Complexity; Complexity theory; Decision process; Emergency; Emergency decision makings; Human decision making; Meta-complexity; Decision making
	Abstract	It is important to understand the cognitive processes underlying emergency decision-making. Cognitive/behavioral complexity theory has successfully predicted human decision making characteristics on a number of dimensions and for a variety of settings. Moreover, theory based training technologies have been successful. The advent of meta-complexity theory as well as the increased stressor levels generated by terrorism and other contemporary challenges, however, require that we review and extend theoretical predictions for decision processes. This paper provides a series of meta-complexity based predictions about the impact of stressor events upon nine primary decision making areas that vary from simpler trough highly complex thought and action processes.
	Address	SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	COMPLEXITY and INTEROPERABILITY	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	979
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	Author	Marnix W.B. Eysink Smeets; Simone Sillem
	Title	Intelligent SMS as an effective public warning system: The inspiring results of a dutch pilot project			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	317-321
	Keywords	Disasters; Research; Signaling; Alert service; Cas; Effect; Evaluation; Pilot; Rotterdam-Rijnmond; Sms; Vlaardingen; Information systems
	Abstract	The classic Dutch disaster-warning system (the 'siren') is not as effective as it should be. The alarm is not heard by 37% of the population, not all the people that hear the siren do take it seriously. A public-warning system was developed based on so-called 'intelligent SMS'. This system was tested in 2004 among 700 inhabitants of the city of Vlaardingen (region Rotterdam-Rijnmond). The University of Delft conducted an intensive evaluation. The evaluation shows that use of SMS is technically feasible. It diminishes the part of the population that is not reached is by approx. 50%. The public is now not only warned that 'something is going on' but is informed by SMS of the nature of the threat ánd on what to do. The public perceives intelligent SMS as the most effective warning system. Based on the pilot, the disaster-management authority of the region Rotterdam-Rijnmond, with some 1.2 million inhabitants, decided to structurally implement the system in the whole region in 2005.
	Address	Partner Citizen Alert Services, Netherlands; Risk Centre, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT AND WARNING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	954
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	Author	Jan Maarten Schraagen; Aletta Eikelboom; Kees Van Dongen; Guido Te Brake
	Title	Experimental evaluation of a critical thinking tool to support decision making in crisis situations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	181-189
	Keywords	Accidents; Decision support systems; Information systems; Crisis management; Crisis situations; Critical thinking; Decision making process; Decision supports; Experimental evaluation; Laboratory experiments; Situation awareness; Decision making
	Abstract	Building up proper situation awareness is one of the most difficult tasks in the beginning stages of large-scale accidents. As ambiguous information about the events becomes available, decision makers are often tempted to quickly choose a particular story to explain the events. Subsequent information that contradicts the initial story may easily be discarded and cognitive tunnel vision takes over. Our approach, as part of the COMBINED Systems project, is to prevent tunnel vision by providing critical thinking support. In a laboratory experiment with 60 participants, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the Critical Thinking tool with a 'no support' control condition and a 'minimal support' condition. Participants acted as crisis managers determining the likely cause of an accident based on different pieces of information. The results show a positive impact of the tool on both the decision making process and decision making effectiveness.
	Address	TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	925
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	Author	Hussain Aziz Saleh
	Title	Dynamic optimisation of the use of space technology for rapid disaster response and management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	139-141
	Keywords	Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Disaster prevention; Information systems; Optimization; Satellite ground stations; Disaster management; Disaster warnings; Dynamic optimisation; Intelligent Algorithms; Meta heuristics; Natural and man-made disasters; Real-world problem; Space technologies; Disasters
	Abstract	Modern space and information technologies provide valuable tools for the solution of many real-world problems in fields of managing effects of natural and man-made disasters, geomatic engineering, etc. Therefore, the need to develop and optimise the use of these technologies in an efficient manner is necessary for providing reliable solutions. This paper aims to develop powerful optimisation algorithms extending current highly successful ideas of artificial intelligence for developing of the disaster warning network which is a system of satellites and ground stations for providing real time early warning of the impact of the disaster and minimise its effects (e.g., earthquakes, landslides, floods, volcanoes, etc). Such intelligent algorithms can provide a degree of functionality and flexibility suitable both for constructing high-accuracy models and in monitoring their behaviour in real time.
	Address	Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 IDM, S8, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	905
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	Author	Wolfgang Raskob; Valentin Bertsch; Jutta Geldermann.; Sandra Baig; Florian Gering
	Title	Demands to and experience with the decision support system rodos for off-site emergency management in the decision making process in Germany			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	269-278
	Keywords	Accidents; Civil defense; Decision making; Decision support systems; Disasters; Information systems; Risk management; Sensitivity analysis; Decision making process; Emergency management; Emergency situation; Integrated evaluation; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Multi-criteria evaluation; Radiological accidents; Stakeholder involvement; Artificial intelligence
	Abstract	Emergency situations, man-made as well as natural, can differ considerably. However, they share the characteristic of sudden onset, involve complex decisions and necessitate a coherent and effective emergency management. In the event of a nuclear or radiological accident in Europe, the real-time on-line decision support system RODOS provides support from the early phase through to the medium and long-term phases. This paper describes the demands to a Decision Support System from a user-centred view as well as experiences gained from conducting moderated decision making workshops based on a hypothetical accident scenario focusing on the evaluation of long-term countermeasures using the simulation capabilities of the RODOS system and its recently integrated evaluation component Web-HIPRE, a tool for multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).
	Address	Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK), IKET, Karlsruhe, Germany; University of Karlsruhe (TH), DFIU, Karlsruhe, Germany; Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	NUCLEAR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	869
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	Author	John S. Park Jr.; David Waxman
	Title	Enabling cross-organization interoperability through dynamic directory integration			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	83-88
	Keywords	Communication; Human resource management; Information management; Information systems; Interoperability; Web services; Collaboration; Communication and collaborations; Core services; Defense information systems agencies; Directory integration; Dynamic teams; Organizational interoperability; Research and development organizations; Temperature control
	Abstract	Dynamic Team Management for Cross-organization Collaboration was developed by IBM, in cooperation with the U. S. Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) and MITRE (a federally funded research and development organization), to support participating organizations in the U.S. Homeland Security/Homeland Defense Command and Control Advance Concept Technology Demonstration (HLS/D C2 ACTD). Dynamic Team Management includes finding and accessing information about resources (people) with whom you need to communicate and collaborate on a mission or task. Used in conjunction with collaboration tools and other applications, DTM supports constructing cross-organization teams of individuals to address particular missions or tasks, based on emerging needs. DTM demonstrates approaches to overcoming many of the challenges of building the best teams for each mission/task, accommodating information sharing preferences of participating organizations, directory integration automation, dynamically scaling to meet cross-organization communication and collaboration requirements, and achieving organizational interoperability.
	Address	IBM, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	COMPLEXITY and INTEROPERABILITY	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	830
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	Author	Stijn Oomes; Martijn Neef
	Title	Scaling-up support for emergency response organizations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	29-34
	Keywords	Information systems; Intelligent control; Distributed agents; Emergency response; Incident command systems; Multiple interactions; Organizational information; Scaling-up; Situation awareness; United States of America; Emergency services
	Abstract	We present the design of an information system that supports the process of scaling-up of emergency response organizations. This process is vital for effective emergency response but tends to go awry in practice. Our proposed system consists of multiple distributed agents that are capable of exchanging organizational information. Each agent assists one part of the organization by visualizing the organization and allowing the user to update the information of its closest collaborators. When the agents communicate, they exchange and merge their organizational representations. The structure of other parts of the organization is updated indirectly through multiple interactions between different agents. We tailor our design to two specific procedures that are in common use today: the Coordinated Regional Incident Response Procedure (GRIP) that is applied in the Netherlands, and the Incident Command System (ICS) that is used in a number of areas in the United States of America.
	Address	Thales Research and Technology, DECIS, Netherlands; TNO, DECIS, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	INFORMATION SYSTEMS DESIGN	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	815
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	Author	Simon Mulwa Mutie; Banci Mati; Hussein Gadain; Patrick Home
	Title	Land cover change effects on flow regime of mara river			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	237-246
	Keywords	Computer software; Deforestation; Hydrology; Information systems; Reforestation; Forest; Kenya; Land use/land cover; Landsat; River basins; Savannah; Tanzania; Rivers
	Abstract	The transboundary Mara River across Kenya and Tanzania and draining in to Lake Victoria has undergone major anthropogenic changes affecting its land cover over the past 50 years. However, these changes have not been quantified in a manner to allow wider scale understanding of the causative factors, their effects and show hot spots that required immediate intervention. To address these issues, a study of the land use/land cover change was done based on interpretation of digital LANDSAT TM and ETM images of 1986 and 2000 respectively with Idrisi Kilimanjaro software. In a separate addition, analyses of hydrological factors was done which involved comparing monthly mean flow hydrographs to assess changes in flow characteristics of the Mara river immediately after the basin forests. The results obtained showed 2.3 % deforestation, 0.7% reforestation, 20.9% of the basin was opened up for agriculture and 7.5% changed to wetlands. Hydrological investigations showed that river flow regimes have changed, with sharp increases in peaks, attenuation of the river hydrographs and reduction in base flows, factors that could not be linked to changes in rainfall amounts and characteristics but related to modifications of the land surface induced by artificial influences of the man in the basin.
	Address	Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 00400, 11294 Nairobi, Kenya; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 00200, 62000 Nairobi, Kenya; United states Geological Survey, P.O Box 00800, 66613 Nairobi, Kenya
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	802
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	Author	Chris Murphy; Doug Phair; Courtney Aquilina
	Title	A prototype multi-modal decision support architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	135-137
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Information systems; Internet telephony; Crisis response; Decision support tools; Decision supports; Instant messaging; Multi-modal; Multimodal communications; Prototype implementations; Voice over IP; Network architecture
	Abstract	This paper presents the design of a decision support tool for crisis response applications. We propose a system to replace emergency contact calling trees with a multi-modal personnel contact architecture. This architecture consists of a centralized notification framework using existing enterprise e-mail, Web site, instant messaging, and voice over IP (VOIP) infrastructure. Response and audit data is collected and stored for analysis, and can be reviewed using a variety of methods in real time. Details of our prototype implementation are discussed. Specifically, we address multi-modal communication techniques and their benefits, enterprise deployment challenges, and opportunities for further research.
	Address	MITRE Corporation, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	799
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	Author	Paula Mostert; Bartel A. Van De Walle; Koen Milis; Jan Vandijck
	Title	The role of IT in crisis management exercising, training and planning in Belgian and Dutch Companies: A survey			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	131-133
	Keywords	Human resource management; Information systems; Information technology; Personnel training; Belgium; Crisis management; European Countries; Netherlands; Response rate; Survey research; Surveys
	Abstract	We report the findings of a crisis management survey on the role of IT in the crisis exercising, training and planning activities among companies in 6 different industries in two neighbouring European countries, Belgium and the Netherlands, having at least 50 employees. The survey was sent to 1450 Dutch and 1245 Belgian companies, 245 of which were returned, resulting in a response rate of 9%. The results of the survey show that the role of IT in these activities in both countries is very limited.
	Address	Tilburg University, Netherlands; Limburgs Universitair, Centrum, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	791
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	Author	Farzaneh Moshayedi
	Title	Providing an early warning system to prevent a transportation crisis and its impacts			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	305
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address	MRT-IRAN, Iran
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EARLY WARNING AND RESPONSE: SPECIAL SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	788
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	Author	Adriaan ter Mors; Jeroen M. Valk; Cees Witteveen
	Title	An event-based task framework for disaster planning and decision support			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	151-153
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Decision supports; Disaster plan; Disaster planning; Emergency response; Events; Mathematical frameworks; Support systems; Task framework; Emergency services
	Abstract	Because of the apparent ineffectiveness of current disaster plans, we focus our research on modeling emergency response activities. If we can capture the crucial concepts of emergency response in a mathematical framework and apply this framework to construct disaster plans, then we pave the way for the development of automated decisions support systems for emergency response.
	Address	Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	787
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