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Monika Büscher, & Preben Holst Mogensen. (2007). Designing for material practices of coordinating emergency teamwork. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 419–429). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: In this paper we describe the inspiration for, and the design of, prototype technologies that support emergency teamwork. We combine ethnographic studies of material practice, participatory design collaboration with emergency personnel, and knowledge of the potential of ubiquitous computing technologies to 'stretch' the materiality of envi-ronments, persons and equipment. A range of prototypes-products of an iterative, ethnographically informed, participatory design process-are described in a series of scenarios. We conclude with a discussion of potential benefits and challenges our experience raises for socio-technical-material innovation in emergency teamwork.
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Lucy T. Gunawan, Martin Voshell, Stijn Oomes, & David D. Woods. (2007). Envisioning collaboration at a distance for the evacuation of walking wounded. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 431–437). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The “walking wounded” is a category of disaster victims that can help themselves in finding their way to safety. The problem we address here is how first responders, walking wounded, and other rescue personnel can coordinate their joint activities more efficiently in order to accomplish the evacuation as quickly as possible. We focus our design on the “coordination loops” in the disaster response organization, both vertically across levels of authority, and horizontally among responders in the same echelon. In our envisioned scenario of a chemical accident we identify the most important interactions through which activities are coordinated that are crucial for a successful evacuation. We propose three different “coordination devices” that can be used by the walking wounded, the rescuers in the fields, and the people in the command center. We believe our approach, explicitly designing support systems for coordination first, will lead to important improvements in the daily practice of disaster response.
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Daniel Sanz, Patricia Gómez Bello, Paloma Díaz, Fausto J. Sainz, & Ignacio Aedo. (2007). Supporting physical and logical communication in emergency management Virtual Distributed Teams. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 439–448). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Virtual Distributed Teams (VDT) need to face physical and logical communication challenges during emergency response. Physical problems include heterogeneous technology infrastructures, ubiquitous accessibility, alternative media communication or real-time interaction. Logical problems are related to the accomplishment of a coordinated activity, such as the need for a common place accessible by all where digital artefacts are available, spontaneous communication, real-time interaction, and emergency awareness. We present an integration framework that addresses the physical and logical communication requirements in emergency management for VDTs. The framework provides a ubiquitous mobile infrastructure that supports physical communication, proposes a generic role-based organizational structure for VDT, and outlines an integration strategy that allows to define logical communication channels by means of information flow and access control policies based on the VDT structure.
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