Christian Paulus, Stefan Möllmann, & Hagen Engelmann. (2010). Approach for an integrated interoperable system architecture for disaster management systems. In C. Zobel B. T. S. French (Ed.), ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings. Seattle, WA: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: In the field of information systems for disaster management there is a large variety of data formats, specifications and standards. Most of these standards only cover a specific part of this area, for example formats for geospatial data or message exchange. This diversity of isolated solutions, however, prevents those systems from interacting and exchanging data. To improve the interoperability in this sector there is a strong need for an integrated interoperable system architecture that is suitable for stand-alone systems as well as for the communication in a distributed heterogeneous system environment. This paper shows an approach for such a system architecture. It presents the Disaster Management Markup Language (DMML), which provides an architecture of data structures, services and service interfaces for crisis response systems. Furthermore, the Disaster Management Interoperability Framework (DMIF) is introduced, which supplies a software-engineering layout for DMML. Finally, the implementation of the DMMapML module is presented, which handles data involved in the situation report. The basic structure of this implementation is described and its potential contribution to the interoperability of crisis response systems.
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Hagen Engelmann, & Frank Fiedrich. (2009). DMT-EOC – A combined system for the decision support and training of EOC members. In S. J. J. Landgren (Ed.), ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives. Gothenburg: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The first hours after a disaster are essential to minimizing the loss of life. The chance for survival in the debris of a collapsed building for example decreases considerably after 72 hours. However the available information in the first hours after a disaster is limited, uncertain and dynamically changing. A goal in the development of the Disaster Management Tool (DMT) was to support the management of this situation. Its module DMT-EOC specifically deals with problems of the members in an emergency operation centre (EOC) by providing a training environment for computer based table top exercises and assistance during earthquake disasters. The system is based on a flexible and extendible architecture that integrates different concepts and programming interfaces. It contains a simulation for training exercises and the evaluation of decisions during disaster response. A decision support implemented as a multi-agent system (MAS) combines operation research approaches and rule-base evaluation for advice giving and criticising user decisions. The user interface is based on a workflow model which mixes naturalistic with analytic decision-making. The paper gives an overview of the models behind the system components, describes their implementation, and the testing of the resulting system.
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Hagen Engelmann, & Frank Fiedrich. (2007). Decision support for the members of an emergency operation centre after an earthquake. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 317–326). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The first three days after an earthquake disaster demand good decisions in a very complex environment. Members of emergency operation centres (EOC) have to make decisions with limited information and under high time pressure. But the first 72 hours of disaster response activities are essential to minimize loss of life. Within the interdisciplinary German Collaborative Research Center 461: “Strong Earthquakes: A Challenge for Geosciences and Civil Engineering” a so-called Disaster Management Tool (DMT) is under development which presents some ideas for appropriate solutions to this problem. One module of the DMT will provide decision-support for the members of an EOC based on the Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model, a description of the decision-making process of persons in real-world settings. Options for a reasonable computer-based decision support for the RPD process will be discussed. For this the system combines a simulation of the disaster environment with a multi-agent system (MAS). The simulation shows the results of different decisions so the decision-makers can evaluate them. The MAS calculates a solution for optimal resource allocation taking into account current available information. The goal of the ongoing work is to integrate these instruments into a user-friendly interface considering the real life needs of decision-makers in an EOC.
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Stefan Moellmann, David Braun, Hagen Engelmann, & Wolfgang Raskob. (2011). Key performance indicator based calculations as a decision support for the tactical level. In E. Portela L. S. M.A. Santos (Ed.), 8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011. Lisbon: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: For the planning of relief operations the duration and the necessary resources are key factors for a successful completion. Those factors, however, are difficult to estimate due to the large number of influencing factors in a complex crisis situation. This paper presents a software module that supports the planning by calculating the duration and the required resources for relief measures based on key performance indicators (KPI). It is part of a project called SECURITY2People aiming to develop the basics for an integrated disaster management system. The module consists of an easy to use tool to calculate the timing of a relief measure when applied to a given disaster site. In addition it contains a detailed view to display and edit the model of the selected measure which is depicted as a Gantt chart and forms the basis of the calculation. Finally, the paper describes how this module can benefit from interoperability with other modules of this project and existing systems and services.
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