Aidan Hamilton, & Cécile L’Hermitte. (2023). Supply Chain Resilience in the New Zealand FMCG Sector: A Study of the 2021 Canterbury Flooding. In V. L. Thomas J. Huggins (Ed.), Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022 (pp. 204–214). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Massey Unversity.
Abstract: Disasters can severely disrupt the flow of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) in New Zealand (NZ), preventing the replenishment of essential products and causing shortages on retailers’ shelves. This paper presents work-in-process research that aims to better understand how the NZ FMCG retailers build resilience into their replenishment operations to mitigate disruptions in the wake of a disaster. The two key components of supply chain resilience (redundancy and flexibility) are investigated in the context of the 2021 Canterbury flooding. A survey was used to collect data on retailers’ routine replenishment operations, the impacts of the flooding, and practices mitigating disruptions. The preliminary findings suggest that redundant inventory is used to compensate for insufficient flexibility in the NZ freight system (due to not only the lack of adequate secondary roads and alternative modes of transport, but also the centralised distribution system limiting the sources of supply). This study contributes a better understanding of the FMCG distribution and replenishment operations in NZ and highlights the need for public and private investments (e.g. redundant transport infrastructure and distribution facilities). Additional research investigating the most influential investments to improve the ability of the FMCG sector to manage post-disaster freight disruptions would benefit the literature.
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Amro Al-Akkad, Christian Raffelsberger, Alexander Boden, Leonardo Ramirez, & Zimmermann, A. (2014). Tweeting 'when online is off'? Opportunistically creating mobile ad-hoc networks in response to disrupted infrastructure. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 662–671). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: In this paper, we present a system that enables people to post and receive tweets despite disruptions of existing network infrastructure. Our system opportunistically deploys mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) based on Wi-Fi in which people can communicate with each other in a peer-to-peer fashion. A MANET per se constitutes an isolated island, but as people carry devices around that can join other MANETs, eventually people can transport previously collected data to the online world. Compared to other systems that aim to enable communication in crisis, our system differs in two ways: it does not rely on existing network infrastructure, and it exploits established protocols and standards allowing it to run on off-the-shelf, commercially available smartphones. We evaluated our prototype with a group of students and practitioners. Overall, we received positive feedback on the potential of our technology, but also were pointed to limitations requiring future work.
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Björn JE Johansson, Amanda Jaber, Joeri van Laere, & Peter Berggren. (2020). Crisis Response During Payment Disruptions – The Themes of TRAMS. In Amanda Hughes, Fiona McNeill, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 264–275). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: A qualitative analysis of observation protocols and audio recordings from 14 crisis response exercises has been conducted revealing eight themes reoccurring in multi-disciplinary team discussions about crisis response to large disruptions to the card payment system. The themes were: Coordinate and collaborate, Payment options, Cash circulation, Fuel and transportation, Security, Inform, communicate and the media, Hoarding and rationing, and Vulnerable groups. The analysis suggest that Swedish society is vulnerable to disruptions in the card payment services, largely due to a low diversity in payment options, the lack of prepared back up solutions for payment, and insufficient cash flows to support a cash only scenario. A longer (several days) disruption in the card payment system will demand coordinating mechanisms for information management, available payment options, and preparedness for rapid establishment of cash flows. Today, these mechanisms do not exist. Simulation exercises with stake-holders are an important mean for increasing awareness about these vulnerabilities and the challenges associated with coping with them.
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Elisa Canzani. (2016). Modeling Dynamics of Disruptive Events for Impact Analysis in Networked Critical Infrastructures. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Governments have strongly recognized that the proper functioning of critical infrastructures (CIs) highly determines the societal welfare. If a failed infrastructure is unable to deliver services and products to the others, disruptive effects can cascade into the larger system of CIs. In turn, decision-makers need to understand causal interdependencies and nonlinear feedback behaviors underlying the entire CIs network toward more effective crisis response plans. This paper proposes a novel block building modeling approach based on System Dynamics (SD) to capture complex dynamics of CIs disruptions. We develop a SD model and apply it to hypothetical scenarios for simulation-based impact analysis of single and multiple disruptive events. With a special focus on temporal aspects of system resilience, we also demonstrate how the model can be used for dynamic resilience assessment. The model supports crisis managers in understanding scenarios of disruptions and forecasting their impacts to improve strategic planning in Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP).
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Janzen, S., Baer, S., Ahiagble, A. P., & Maass, W. (2023). Tackling Non-transparency – Identification of Hidden Problems in Component-Based Supply Chains. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (p. 1075). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Component-based supply chains, e.g., in sensor industry, can be very complex and non-transparent, with multiple tiers of suppliers involved. This leads to hidden problems (e.g., component shortages) that propagate and reinforce in supply chains before popping up as crisis situation at tier-1 with significant consequences as production delays. To tackle non-transparency in supply chains, it is crucial to detect and localize those hidden problems for supporting users in conducting pro-active measures (e.g., search of missing parts at spot-market) and creating more resilient supply chains. With the Hidden Problem Detector, we present a prototype (Flask, Python, Neo4j, Octopart), that uses multiple graph-theoretic centrality measures for determining critical components in the supply chain. Bill-of-Materials data are automatically transformed into a knowledge graph, semantically enriched, and fed with historical and actual market data (e.g., prices). Within the demonstration, we show the detection of hidden problems in the supply chain of a sensor manufacturer.
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Shalini Kurapati, Gwendolyn Kolfschoten, Alexander Verbraeck, Thomas M. Corsi, & Frances Brazier. (2013). Exploring shared situational awareness in supply chain disruptions. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 151–155). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: Risk and volatility in the form of political issues, natural disasters, terrorism etc., are impending dangers to the normal functioning of today's world. Supply Chains (SCs) are the backbone to societal functions and are heavily affected when such events occur. SC professionals have limited preparedness to deal with disruptions. Shared Situational Awareness (SSA) by means of information sharing, coordination and collaboration among SC partners, can significantly improve the recovery capacity of supply chains from disruptions. To prepare SC professionals for disruptions, a serious game (a tabletop board game) has been developed. The game serves both as an instrument to explore SSA during disruptions and as a training tool for SC practitioners. The paper discusses the design, development and applicability of the serious game based on an SSA framework in multistakeholder systems.
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Sarp Yeletaysi, Frank Fiedrich, & John R. Harrald. (2008). A framework for integrating GIS and systems simulation to analyze operational continuity of the petroleum supply chain. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 586–595). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Crisis and disaster management is a field that requires the understanding and application of tools and knowledge from multiple disciplines. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 have proven that U.S. petroleum infrastructure is vulnerable to major supply disruptions as a direct result of disasters. Due to the structure of U.S. oil supply chain, primary oil production centers (i.e. PADD* 3) are geographically separated from primary demand centers (i.e. PADD 1), which creates a natural dependency between those districts. To better understand the extent of those dependencies and downstream impacts of supply disruptions, a multi-disciplinary research approach is necessary. The cross-disciplines in this research include disaster management, critical infrastructure and oil supply chain management, and the utilization of geographic information systems (GIS) and systems simulation. This paper specifically focuses on the framework for integrating GIS and systems simulation as analysis tools in this research.
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