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Charlotte Hellgren, & Björn J.E. Johansson. (2012). Reducing workload by navigational support in dynamic situations. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: By presenting continuously updated heading and distance information on a small head-mounted display (HMD), as a supplement to a GPS-receiver, we examined if workload could be reduced and performance increased, when navigating in a demanding situation. The purpose was to present limited but sufficient information to facilitate navigation. The technique was tested on ground troops, but could also be used by rescue services and police in situations that require navigation in unknown environments. The main findings were that the workload was reduced in one aspect (during navigation) but increased in another (looking for foot placement). There were no clear differences in performance, except that participants stopped fewer times to look at the GPS-receiver if they had updated heading and distance information. This suggests that a supplement display with minimal information could be useful when navigating with a GPS-receiver in an unknown environment. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Fahem Kebair, & Frédéric Serin. (2008). Towards an intelligent system for risk prevention and emergency management. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 526–535). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Making a decision in a changeable and dynamic environment is an arduous task owing to the lack of information, their uncertainties and the unawareness of planners about the future evolution of incidents. The use of a decision support system is an efficient solution for this issue. Such a system can help emergency planners and responders to detect possible emergencies, as well as to suggest and evaluate possible courses of action to deal with the emergency. We are interested in our work to the modelling of a monitoring preventive and emergency management system, wherein we stress the generic aspect. In this paper we propose an agent-based architecture of this system and we describe a first step of our approach which is the modeling of information and their representation using a multiagent system.
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Guido Bruinsma, & Robert De Hoog. (2006). Exploring protocols for multidisciplinary disaster response using adaptive workflow simulation. In M. T. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 53–65). Newark, NJ: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: The unique and dynamic changing nature in which a disaster unfolds forces emergency personnel involved with the mitigation process to be greatly flexible in their implementation of protocols. In past disasters the incapability of the disaster organization to swiftly adjust the workflow to the changing circumstances, has resulted in unnecessary delays and errors in mitigation. Addressing this issue, we propose and demonstrate a method for simulating disasters for work and protocol optimization in disasters response (TAID), based on the BRAHMS multi-agent modeling and simulation language. Our hypothesis is that this low fidelity simulation environment can effectively simulate work practice in dynamic environments to rearrange workflow and protocols. The results from an initial test simulation of the Hercules disaster at Eindhoven airport in the Netherlands look promising for future and broader application of our disaster simulation method.
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Louise K. Comfort, Milos Hauskrecht, & Jeen-Shang Lin. (2008). Dynamic networks: Modeling change in environments exposed to risk. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 576–585). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Modeling the interaction between interdependent systems in dynamic environments represents a promising approach to enabling communities to assess and manage the recurring risk to which they are exposed. We frame the problem as a complex, adaptive system, examining the interaction between transportation and emergency response as a socio-technical system. Using methods of spatial and statistical analysis, we overlaid the engineered transportation system on the organizational emergency response system to identify the thresholds of fragility in each. We present a research design and preliminary results from a small-scale study conducted in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Region that examined the interaction between the transportation and emergency response systems. These results informed the design of a Situational Assessment Module for emergency managers, currently under development at the University of Pittsburgh.
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Peter A. Jongejan, & Tim J. Grant. (2012). Social media in command & control: An extended framework. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: Our research is aimed at investigating whether social media has a role to play in military Command & Control. Since social media is peer-to-peer, it could facilitate Network-Enabled Capabilities. A useful theoretical development is Reuter, Marx, and Pipek's (2011) proposal of a two-by-two matrix for social software infrastructure. Their framework assumes one-way communication and monolithic organizations. However, to operate in a real-time, dynamic environment, crisis management organizations must close the decision-making loop. Moreover, they must be structured into an action part that handles the crisis on-site, and a control part that monitors and directs operations in real time. The purpose of this work-in-progress paper is to present our extension of Reuter et al's framework. The paper outlines Reuter et al's framework, summarises the basic theory of Command & Control, describes how we extended Reuter et al's framework, and outlines further research. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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