Carolin Klonner, Sabrina Marx, Tomás Usón, & Bernhard Höfle. (2016). Risk Awareness Maps of Urban Flooding via OSM Field Papers- Case Study Santiago de Chile. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: Urban flooding has been increasing in recent years and therefore new specified methods need to be developed and applied. The rise of Web 2.0 technologies and collaborative projects based on volunteered geographic information like OpenStreetMap (OSM) lead to new dimensions of participatory practices. Thus, citizens can provide local knowledge for natural hazard analysis in a convenient way. In the following, a case study of the Quilicura community in Santiago de Chile -regularly affected by urban floods- is presented. A combination of OSM Field Papers and the risk perception of local people is applied in the concept of risk awareness maps including a questionnaire for participants? information. This explorative study is a promising approach for a complementing data source because insight into local knowledge is acquired in a fast way. Results reveal two main streets, which are identified by the participants as prone to urban floods.
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Duygu Pamukçu, Christopher William Zobel, & Andrew Arnette. (2019). A New Data-Driven Approach to Measuring Hurricane Risk. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Improving disaster operations requires understanding and managing risk. This paper proposes a new data-driven approach for measuring the risk associated with a natural hazard, in support of developing more effective approaches for managing disaster operations. The paper focuses, in particular, on the issue of defining the inherent severity of a hazard event, independent of its impacts on human society, and concentrates on hurricanes as a specific type of natural hazard. After proposing a preliminary severity measure in the context of a hurricane, the paper discusses the issues associated with collecting empirical data to support its implementation. The approach is then illustrated by comparing the relative risk associated with two different locations in the state of North Carolina subject to the impacts of Hurricane Florence in 2018.
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Kevin D. Henry, & Tim G. Frazier. (2015). Scenario-Based Modeling of Community Evacuation Vulnerability. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: Evacuation models can be used to determine evacuation capacity, by estimating the time required for evacuating populations to leave areas exposed to a hazard. Disaster management practices and evacuation modeling are generally carried out to prepare for ?worst-case? conditions. However, hazard severity is highly variable. Performing evacuation modeling for multiple hazard scenarios may provide flexibility and a comprehensive understanding of evacuation capacity. A case study was undertaken to analyze the merit of scenario-based evacuation modeling. Results demonstrate a difference in clearance time between maximum and historic tsunami scenario modeling. During a smaller-scale event, allowing the maximum scenario population to evacuate can add congestion and inhibit evacuation of at-risk populations. Managing evacuation can improve evacuation efficiency by preventing unneeded congestion. Results show that traditional worst-case-scenario modeling may lead to overestimation of time needed to evacuate. Planning under such a scenario may increase risk to smaller-scale hazards.
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Lutiane Queiroz de Almeida, Torsten Welle, & Jörn Birkmann. (2016). A Methodological Proposal to Disaster Risk Indicators in Brazil. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: This article provides a tool to help assess, visualise and communicate different levels of exposure, vulnerability and risk in Brazil. The Disaster Risk Index in Brazil may sensitise public and political decision-makers towards the important topic of disaster risk and climate change adaptation. This article aims to explore the feasibility and usefulness of such a national risk index that considers both natural hazard phenomena and social vulnerability. The results showed that the risk is strongly interwoven with social-economic and cultural conditions and normal everyday life, as well as with the performance of state institutions dealing with Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Risk Management, in other words, vulnerability. Spatial trends of disaster risk and vulnerability, products of this research, also have stressed the serious inequalities between and within regions of the country, which result in barriers to the development of the DRR and DRM in Brazil as a whole.
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Mirjam Merz, Valentin Bertsch, Otto Rentz, & Jutta Geldermann. (2007). Assessment of industrial asset values at risk. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 235–243). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: In the event of natural disasters and extreme events like storms, floods and earthquakes, not only people, residential buildings and infrastructure, but also industry can be seriously affected. Direct losses to installations as well as indirect losses e.g. interruption of production can cause severe damage to companies and the economy as a whole. For a comparative and quantitative risk assessment and as a prerequisite for emergency planning and crisis management (e.g. planning of mitigation measures), a financial appraisal of industrial assets at risk is needed. This paper presents the reference installation approach which is a methodology that allows a consistent and transparent assessment of individual industrial asset values. In this bottom up approach due to the consideration of the heterogeneity of various industrial sectors, the obtained results can be depicted for a detailed spatial distribution and on a high degree of accuracy.
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Miles Crawford, Wendy Saunders, Emma Hudson-Doyle, & David Johnston. (2018). End-user perceptions of natural hazard risk modeling across policy-making, land-use planning, and emergency management within New Zealand local government. In Kristin Stock, & Deborah Bunker (Eds.), Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. (pp. 550–560). Albany, Auckland, New Zealand: Massey Univeristy.
Abstract: While the development of risk modelling has focussed on improving model accuracy and modeller expertise, less consideration has been given to understanding how risk models are perceived and used by the end-user. In this think-piece, we explore how risk modelling is perceived and used by three different end-user functions for natural hazard risk management in New Zealand local government: policy-making, land-use planning, and emergency management. We find that risk modelling is: valued and used by policy-makers; less valued within land-use planning and not as widely used; and valued within emergency planning but not as widely used. We offer our thoughts as to why this is the case with reference to focus groups and qualitative interviews held with local government natural hazard risk end-users across the Wellington, Hawke's Bay and Gisborne regions of New Zealand. We conclude with recommendations for how risk modelling can be further developed to increase community resilience.
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Sven Schaust, Maximilian Walther, & Michael Kaisser. (2013). Avalanche: Prepare, manage, and understand crisis situations using social media analytics. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 852–857). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: The recent rise of Social Media services has created huge streams of information which can be very valuable in a variety of scenarios. One specific scenario that has received interest is how Social Media analytics can be beneficial in crisis situations. In this paper, we describe our vision for a Social Media-ready command and control center. As motivation for our work, we present a short analysis of tweets issued in NYC during Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012 and we give an overview of the architecture of our event detection subsystem.
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Teun Terpstra, Richard Stronkman, Arnout De Vries, & Geerte L. Paradies. (2012). Towards a realtime Twitter analysis during crises for operational crisis management. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: Today's crises attract great attention on social media, from local and distant citizens as well as from news media. This study investigates the possibilities of real-time and automated analysis of Twitter messages during crises. The analysis was performed through application of an information extraction tool to nearly 97,000 tweets that were published shortly before, during and after a storm hit the Pukkelpop 2011 festival in Belgium. As soon as the storm hit the festival tweet activity increased exponentially, peaking at 576 tweets per minute. The extraction tool enabled analyzing tweets through predefined (geo)graphical displays, message content filters (damage, casualties) and tweet type filters (e.g., retweets). Important topics that emerged were 'early warning tweets', 'rumors' and the 'self-organization of disaster relief' on Twitter. Results indicate that automated filtering of information provides valuable information for operational response and crisis communication. Steps for further research are discussed. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Jean-Luc Wybo. (2006). Improving resilience of organizations by increasing mutual knowledge of stakeholders. In M. T. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 540–546). Newark, NJ: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: Managing accidents and crisis is a complex task, which is achieved by a large number of stakeholders. In order to identify appropriate responses to risk-prone situations, a classification in two categories has been proposed: risks of damage and risks of crisis (Wybo 2004). Risks of damage correspond to emergency management procedures and plans. Risks of crisis correspond to situations that escape from planning because of the overflow of the organization. Resilience of organizations is defined as their ability to resist to chaos and to maintain the situation under control. From the analysis of a large number of emergencies and crises caused by industrial and natural hazards, we try to identify what conditions increase the resilience of organizations. They have in common to increase the mutual knowledge of stakeholders about their strategies and roles and about the development of the situation.
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