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Femke Mulder, & Kees Boersma. (2017). Linking up the last mile: how humanitarian power relations shape community e-resilience. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 715–725). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: In this paper we present a qualitative, social network based, power analysis of relief and recovery efforts in the aftermath of the 2015 earthquakes in Nepal. We examine how the interplay between humanitarian power relations and e-resilience influenced communities' ability to respond to the destruction brought about by the disaster. We focus in particular on how power dynamics affect online spaces and interactions at the hyper local level (or 'the last mile'). We explain how civic technology initiatives are affected by these power relationships and show how their efforts may reinforce social inequalities – or be sidelined – if power dynamics are not taken into consideration. However, on the basis of a case study based power analysis, we show that when civic technology initiatives do strategically engage with these dynamics, they have the potential to alter harmful power relations that limit community e-resilience.
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Johannes Anhorn, Benjamin Herfort, & João Porto de Albuquerque. (2016). Crowdsourced Validation and Updating of Dynamic Features in OpenStreetMap – An analysis of Shelter Mapping after the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: The paper presents results from a validation process of OpenStreetMap (OSM) rapid mapping activities using crowdsourcing technology in the aftermath of the Gorkha earthquake 2015 in Nepal. We present a framework and tool to iteratively validate and update OSM objects. Two main objectives are addressed: first, analyzing the accuracy of the volunteered geographic information (VGI) generated by the OSM community; second, investigating the spatio-temporal dynamics of spontaneous shelter camps in Kathmandu. Results from three independent validation iterations show that only 10 % of the OSM objects are false positives (no shelter camps). Unexpectedly, previous mapping experience only had a minor influence on mapping accuracy. The results further show that it is critical to monitor the temporal dynamics. Out of 4,893 identified shelter camps, 54% were already empty/closed six days after the first mapping. So far, updating geographical features during humanitarian crisis is not properly addressed by the existing crowdsourcing approaches.
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Sanjay Lama, & Sojen Pradhan. (2018). ICT usage for the post-disaster recovery in Tourism: A case of Nepal Earthquake. In Kristin Stock, & Deborah Bunker (Eds.), Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific. (pp. 534–543). Albany, Auckland, New Zealand: Massey Univeristy.
Abstract: Nepal is one of the most popular travel destinations because of its natural beauty and Himalayas. Tourism industry contributes significantly to the nation's GDP. However, the 2015 earthquake has created great havoc causing loss of more than 9,000 lives, damaging many buildings including World heritage sites and trekking trails. Despite a substantial amount of foreign aid, overall recovery programs have not been effective. This empirical study focuses on the use of ICT tools for the recovery works in the tourism industry and uses mixed methods engaging tourism associations and organisations. Four 'areas of concerns' regarding ICT use, are identified by using the qualitative analysis and validated through a survey of 198 tourism organisations. The findings show that the earthquake has significantly impacted the industry and the government has not adequately used ICTs in the recovery activities. This study strongly advocates using ICT tools for the post-disaster tourism resilience.
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Stella van Esch, Marc van den Homberg, & Kees Boersma. (2021). Looking Beyond the Data: an Assessment of the Emerging Data Ecosystem of Nepal's Flood Early Warning Systems. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 282–293). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: Increasingly, data-driven instruments are used in disaster risk reduction to foster more efficient, effective, and evidence-based decision-making. This data revolution brings along opportunities and challenges, which are sometimes related to the data itself, but more often seem related to the environment in which the data is put to use. To provide insight into such an emerging data ecosystem, this paper uses a qualitative case study to assess the use of data in flood early warning systems (EWS) in Nepal. In response to the research question 'How does the data ecosystem impact the opportunities and challenges regarding data use in flood early warning systems in Nepal?', this paper discusses the importance of considering the broader context instead of regarding data as an entity unto itself. It shows how actors, policies and other contextual factors impact the effectiveness of data use by either presenting opportunities, like the establishment of a national disaster data repository, or challenges, like inadequate human resources for working with data.
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