Robert Lawatscheck, Stephan Düsterwald, Carsten Wirth, & Torsten Schröder. (2012). ALARM: A modular IT solution to support and evaluate mass casualty incident (MCI) management. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: ALARM is a modular IT-solution to support emergency medical service (EMS) providers and rescue staff in mass casualty incident response and training. Seven modules were implemented, covering the entire process from preliminary triage, treatment support and resource management to tactical information and registration. Communication technology is used to close information and documentation gaps. The system uses medical algorithms and telemedicine to improve patient treatment. The ALARM system generates logs automatically including procedural time stamps and outcome factors such as triage and transport categories. This allows an objective analysis and comparison of missions and opens a new approach to evidence based MCI management and training. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Ola Leifler. (2008). Combining technical and human-centered strategies for decision support in command and control: The ComPlan approach. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 504–515). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: ComPlan (A Combined, Collaborative Command and Control Planning tool) is an approach to providing knowledge-based decision support in the context of command and control. It combines technical research on automated planning tools with human-centered research on mission planning. At its core, ComPlan uses interconnected views of a planning situation to present and manipulate aspects of a scenario. By using domain knowledge flexibly, it presents immediate and directly visible feedback on constraint violations of a plan, facilitates mental simulation of events, and provides support for synchronization of concurrently working mission planners. The conceptual framework of ComPlan is grounded on three main principles from human-centered research on command and control: transparency, graceful regulation, and event-based feedback. As a result, ComPlan provides a model for applying a human-centered perspective on plan authoring tools for command and control, and a demonstration for how to apply that model in an integrated plan-authoring environment.
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Ola Leifler, & Johan Jenvald. (2005). Critique and visualization as decision support for mass-casualty emergency management. In B. C. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 155–159). Brussels: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: Emergency management in highly dynamic situations consists of exploring options to solve a planning problem. This task can be supported through the use of visual cues that are based on domain knowledge of the current domain. We present an approach to use visualization of critical constraints in timelines and hierarchical views as decision support in mass-casualty emergency situations.
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Li, H., Caragea, D., Mhatre, A., Ge, J., & Liu, M. (2023). Identifying COVID-19 Tweets Relevant to Low-Income Households Using Semi-supervised BERT and Zero-shot ChatGPT Models. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 953–963). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Understanding the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on low-income households can inform social services about the needs of vulnerable communities. Some recent works have studied such impacts through social media content analysis, and supervised machine learning models have been proposed to automatically classify COVID-19 tweets into different categories, such as income and economy impacts, social inequality and justice issues, etc. In this paper, we propose semi-supervised learning models based on BERT with Self-Training and Knowledge Distillation for identifying COVID-19 tweets relevant to low-income households by leveraging readily available unlabeled data in addition to limited amounts of labeled data. Furthermore, we explore ChatGPT’s potential for annotating COVID-19 data and the performance of fine-tuned GPT-3 models. Our semi-supervised BERT model with Knowledge Distillation showed improvements compared to a supervised baseline model, while zero-shot ChatGPT showed good potential as a tool for annotating crisis data. However, our study suggests that the cost of fine-tuning large and expensive GPT-3 models may not be worth for some tasks.
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Michael K. Lindell. (2011). Evacuation modelling: Algorithms, assumptions, and data. In E. Portela L. S. M.A. Santos (Ed.), 8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011. Lisbon: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Survey researchers need to, Find out what assumptions evacuation modelers are making and collect empirical data to replace incorrect assumptions;, Obtain data on the costs of evacuation to households, businesses, and local government; and, Extend their analyses to address the logistics of evacuation and the process of re-entry. Evacuation modelers need to, Incorporate available empirical data on household evacuation behavior, and, Generate estimates of the uncertainties in their analyses. Cognitive scientists need to, Conduct experiments on hurricane tracking and evacuation decision making to better understand these processes, and, Develop training programs, information displays, and performance aids to assist local officials who have little or no previous experience in hurricane evacuation decision making.
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Daniel Link, Kenny Meesters, Bernd Hellingrath, & Bartel A. Van De Walle. (2014). Reference task-based design of crisis management games. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 592–596). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Serious games are an effective tool for giving players a hands-on, immersive experience of crisis situations. To simplify the design of such games while ensuring their relevance, we propose a design method that is based on reference tasks. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by the improved design of the serious game “Disaster in my Backyard” that has been played during ISCRAM Summer school 2013. The design incorporates humanitarian logistics, search-and-rescue and coordination tasks. We also present the lessons learned from this instantiation of the game and give an outlook towards future research, such as the evaluation of tools for crisis response and management through the use of serious games and reference tasks.
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Lizheng Deng, Hongyong Yuan, & Lida Huang. (2018). Optimal UAV 3D Path Planning in Mountainous Environments for Post-Earthquake Multi-region Search. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (p. 1122). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: During the earthquake rescue, rapidly locating the trapped person is a critical issue to reduce casualties. Compared with the ground search after the earthquake, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) life detection is not only more expeditious but also safer. For shortening the mission completion time of UAV, we propose the coupling method of Dijkstra's algorithm and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to optimize the search path. Concisely, the mathematical model is further abstracted as the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the shortest loop can be obtained by SA algorithm. The real geo-environment of Jiuzhaigou and the actual large-scale rescue scenarios are taken into consideration. Setting six key search areas as our life detection objects, the UAV 3D path simulation is conducted with MATLAB, which achieves the obstacle avoidance. Our UAV path planning method can significantly speed up the search process and save more people in the post-disaster search.
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Jonas Lundberg, Rego Granlund, & Annevi Fredäng. (2012). Scenario play workshops – Co-design ofemergency response scenarios for information technology design in collaboration with emergency response personnel. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: We describe a co-design method for emergency response scenario creation, to support the evaluation of new information technologies. The aim of our use of the method were to achieve scenarios that could be used in experiments or training sessions with professional emergency response personnel. We have analyzed how the method facilitated the design of scenarios (events, resource demands, communication between players), and the description of constraints in a resource management matrix. Our research indicates that the resource management matrix could be an important complement to function-centric analysis methods such as Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). We also illustrate how the interplay between play and situation description allowed us to simultaneously design and validate the scenarios with respect to playability versus resource demands. We discuss how the resource matrix can be used to adjust the validated scenarios after the design sessions. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Lachlan MacKinnon, & Liz Bacon. (2012). Developing realistic crisis management training. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: Current crisis management training, at the strategic level, is predominantly focused on two approaches, table-top exercises and large-scale physical simulations. Unfortunately, neither of these approaches provides the necessary realism to accurately prepare trainees for the stress, volume and speed of decision-making required in an actual crisis situation. The development of virtual environments, rich multimedia, and games technologies has resulted in considerable work in developing new training support tools. Some of this work has introduced more realistic stress into the training environment, but to date there has been no systematic approach to the creation and management of stress in crisis management training. The Pandora project has built from existing models taken from crisis management Gold Commander training, timeline-based event network modelling, augmented and virtual reality serious games environments, affective computing research, and emotional ambience models from film and TV, to develop a rich multimedia training environment offering just such an approach. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Christoph Markmann, Heiko A. Von Der Gracht, Jonas Keller, & Rixa Kroehl. (2012). Collaborative foresight as a meansto face future risks – An innovative platform conception. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: Increasing market volatility and disruptions imply risks for companies and governments and have become therefore focus topics. Adequate tools to identify, assess and manage future developments are key to survive in a turbulent environment. In our paper, we present the systematic development process of an innovative, web-based foresight platform, which is a joint research project funded by the German Federal Government and aims to improve the robustness in decision making by collaborative foresight. Its four interlinked applications have the purpose to enable their users a collaborative generation, discussion, evaluation and development of future-oriented knowledge. Thereby, a special emphasis is on the relevance and the timeliness of the provided information. Within the multi-stage requirement analysis of the tool platform we analyzed existing concepts in order to identify strengths and weaknesses and conducted brainstorming sessions and interviews with professionals of 130 companies and organizations to account for different backgrounds, perspectives and intentions. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Robin Marterer, Matthias Moi, & Rainer Koch. (2012). An architecture for distributed, event-driven systems to collect and analyze data in emergency operations and training exercises. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: In order to perform serious research on reliable data from emergency operations and trainings, technological support is essential. Therefore we present an architecture for distributed, event-driven systems for the collection and analysis of data in emergency operations and trainings. The logical as well as the technical architecture will be presented. Most important design decisions, e.g. regarding extensibility, will be described. The architecture has been implemented as a system, which is composed out of a core server and distributed sensors sending data. The system is running since two years in two big European cities. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Matthias Max, & Johannes Sautter. (2013). Analysis of a German first responder exercise: Requirements for exercise-support and simulation. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 923–924). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: The work of first responders is marked by unpredictable situations, quick decisions and peak performance. Gathering all important information related to an emergency situation forms the basis for a meaningful and purposeful planning and action. For example during an accident scene the execution of complex individual orders is crucial. The many rescue facilities, rescue vehicles, and first responders needed lead to complex workflows. Real-life exercises are necessary to train controllers and first responders in handling these special situations, but are difficult and costly to organize. This paper gives a short overview of such an exercise and draws a rough practitioner-based vision of a potential simulation-based interactive system that could support exercise leaders and decision makers towards an effective utilization of real-life exercise data.
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Matthias Max, Sigmund Kluckner, & Susann Jentzsch. (2014). Trainings for crisis information systems in civil protection: A German perspective. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 518–527). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Much research and technical development has been conducted to make crisis management more efficient, especially regarding crisis information systems used to streamline operations of authorities during a crisis. Experts from the German Red Cross mention that there is a need for the development and improvement of specific training methods and structures for such new crisis information systems in command and control centers. They also say that computer simulations could be a practical possibility to train crisis management and response staff. To substantiate this information, interviews were conducted with key officials in the field of German civil protection: command and control center staff, command and control center software trainers and crisis information system managers. This paper presents a qualitative study in the field of training German response personnel in crisis management information systems. The results are presented in three sections: suitable training strategies and structures, challenges and best practices for the implementation of trainings and using simulation as a training method for crisis information systems. The results contain personal experiences, opinions and known best-practices of the interview partners.
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John B. McCabe, Usha Satish, & William Grant. (2005). Training to defend: A multifaceted approach to all hazards preparedness and planning for terrorism. In B. C. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 191–194). Brussels: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: In most nations, continued concern exists regarding the potential for acts of terrorism. Healthcare providers, specifically those in Emergency Medicine, will find themselves in the forefront of responding to such events. Training for Emergency Preparedness for all potential hazards is critical. Many approaches to training in individual for All Hazard Preparedness exist. The authors describe a multifaceted approach to training for All Hazards Preparedness and planning for terrorism. The approach includes classroom exercises designed specifically at understanding hazardous material threats, high fidelity patient simulation, strategic management simulation, and simulated care exercises in a non-hospital based emergency department facility. The authors believe that this multifaceted training will provide the broadest most potentially useful training and evaluation for emergency providers to ensure optimal response in times of any and all future terrorist attacks.
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David Mendonça, Yao Hu, & Qing Gu. (2007). Cognitive-level support for improvisation in emergency response. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 489–496). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: Improvisation-serial and purposeful creativity, exercised under time constraint-is an intensely cognitive endeavor. Accordingly, supporting improvisation requires an understanding of the underlying cognitive processes and an identification of opportunities for support. This paper reports on the development of cognitively-grounded computer-based support for improvisation in a simulated emergency response situation. The application is a computational model which attends to traces of group decision processes, analyzes them, and attempts to achieve fit between its own intentions and those of the group. The current architecture and functioning of the model are discussed, along with an overview of the simulation platform. Current and future workin the areas of model validation and evaluation is described. The results of this work strongly suggest that model-based support for improvisation is possible, but that for the time being will be restricted to synthetic situations, of the kind often used in training exercises.
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David Mendonça, & Frank Fiedrich. (2004). Design for improvisation in computer-based emergency response systems. In B. C. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 99–104). Brussels: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: This paper explores the design of training environments in which emergency response professionals can use information technologies to train for responding to unplanned-for situations. This approach – designing for improvisation – is fundamentally different than designing for plan execution. In this paper, we identify three dimensions of this difference and outline a set of research questions that are intended to lead to a better understanding of the role of improvisation in emergency response, as well as how it can be trained for and supported. Both questions are intertwined, since without a firm understanding of how improvisation occurs it is difficult to train for and support it. © Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
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Monika Magnusson, & Lena-Maria Öberg. (2015). Crisis Training Software and User Needs ? Research Directions. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: Crisis management training software is gaining researchers? as well as practitioners? interest. In order to truly support organizations it is important that such software responds to actual user needs. The aim of this study is to compare existing initiative described in research with the needs of the users and to identify possible research directions for forthcoming studies. The literature review shows that discussions on users? needs are superficial at best. The software described in research mainly focus on co-located execution of exercises, often in the form of simulations. Furthermore, a ?right or wrong? behavior is usually built-in. Empirical data from a web survey indicate that flexibility in time and space during training is a fundamental user need. This is not particularly acknowledged in earlier research. Neither is the users? wish for better support in designing exercises. We propose that system flexibility, modularity and pedagogy for computer based crisis training are urgent issues for future research.
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Monika Magnusson, Lars Nyberg, & Malin Wik. (2018). Information Systems for Disaster Management Training – Establishing User Needs with a Design Science Research Approach. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 841–850). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Societal threats such as global warming and terror attacks make crisis preparedness and crisis training a major priority in governments worldwide. Unfortunately, training is limited, partly due to complex and resource-demanding planning of traditional exercises. Several crisis training software have been developed as a complement. However, reports in research on their usage are rare, which indicates that the diffusion is limited. A potential explanation is that the systems fail to meet important needs in the organizations and/or sound information systems (IS) design principles. This paper describes the first phase of a design science research (DSR) project aiming at developing information systems for disaster management (ISDM) training, and accompanying training methods in local and regional governments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate perceived problems in current crisis training and identify opportunities for ISDM training in the application domain. Another purpose is to outline expected artifacts in the project.
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Michael Morin, Irène Abi-Zeid, Thanh Tung Nguyen, Luc Lamontagne, & Patrick Maupin. (2013). Search and surveillance in emergency situations – A gis-based approach to construct optimal visibility graphs. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 452–457). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: We present a methodology to construct optimal visibility graphs from vector and raster terrain data based on the integration of Geographic Information Systems, computational geometry, and integer linear programming. In an emergency situation, the ability to observe an environment, completely or partially, is crucial when searching an area for survivors, missing persons, intruders or anomalies. We first analyze inter-visibility using computational geometry and GIS functions. Then, we optimize the visibility graphs by choosing vertices in a way to either maximize coverage with a given number of watchers or to minimize the number of watchers needed for full coverage.
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Paula Mostert, Bartel A. Van De Walle, Koen Milis, & Jan Vandijck. (2005). The role of IT in crisis management exercising, training and planning in Belgian and Dutch Companies: A survey. In B. C. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 131–133). Brussels: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: We report the findings of a crisis management survey on the role of IT in the crisis exercising, training and planning activities among companies in 6 different industries in two neighbouring European countries, Belgium and the Netherlands, having at least 50 employees. The survey was sent to 1450 Dutch and 1245 Belgian companies, 245 of which were returned, resulting in a response rate of 9%. The results of the survey show that the role of IT in these activities in both countries is very limited.
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Murray Turoff, Victor A. Bañuls, Linda Plotnick, Starr Roxanne Hiltz, & Miguel Ramirez de la Huerga. (2015). Collaborative Evolution of a Dynamic Scenario Model for the Interaction of Critical Infrastructures. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: This paper reviews current work on a model of the cascading effects of Critical Infrastructure (CI) failures during disasters. Based upon the contributions of 26 professionals, we have created a reliable model for the interaction among sixteen CIs. An internal CI model can be used as a core part of a number of larger models, each of which are tailored to a specific disaster in a specific location.
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Aibek Musaev, De Wang, & Calton Pu. (2014). LITMUS: Landslide detection by integrating multiple sources. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 677–686). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: Disasters often lead to other kinds of disasters, forming multi-hazards such as landslides, which may be caused by earthquakes, rainfalls, water erosion, among other reasons. Effective detection and management of multihazards cannot rely only on one information source. In this paper, we evaluate a landslide detection system LITMUS, which combines multiple physical sensors and social media to handle the inherent varied origins and composition of multi-hazards. LITMUS integrates near real-time data from USGS seismic network, NASA TRMM rainfall network, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram. The landslide detection process consists of several stages of social media filtering and integration with physical sensor data, with a final ranking of relevance by integrated signal strength. Applying LITMUS to data collected in October 2013, we analyzed and filtered 34.5k tweets, 2.5k video descriptions and 1.6k image captions containing landslide keywords followed by integration with physical sources based on a Bayesian model strategy. It resulted in detection of all 11 landslides reported by USGS and 31 more landslides unreported by USGS. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate how LITMUS' functionality can be used to determine landslides related to the recent Typhoon Haiyan.
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Niels Netten, & Maarten Van Someren. (2008). Identifying segments for routing emergency response dialogues. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 108–117). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: In crisis management situations information is exchanged in different ways. In general, information is exchanged through spoken dialogues or text messaging conversations. Part of this exchanged dialogue information is often relevant to other actors involved in managing the crisis. Due to the dynamic character of the situation, dialogue partners may not be aware of who else needs the exchanged information. We present a coarse-grained segmentation method for automatically recognizing coherent dialogue segments which are then used for routing. We investigate the effectiveness of our features for recognizing boundaries of segments on transcribed emergency response dialogues and we compare classification by relevance of the identified information segments to the ideal topic segments.
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Christine Owen, Jan Douglas, & Gregory Hickey. (2008). Information flow and teamwork in Incident Control Centers. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 742–751). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: This paper reports research in progress into a study of information flow and teamwork in Incident Management Teams (IMTs) in Australia. The research project, funded by the Bushfire Co-operative Research Centre. The overall research design includes interviews with experienced personnel, observations of real-time incidents and training simulations and a national questionnaire of incident management practices. Data reported in this conference session will focus on a sample of observation data conducted in two training simulations of a wildfire incident. Observations were video recorded and key IMT members wore lapel microphones. Video data has been coded for use of artifacts (e.g., maps, status boards) and room movement. Audio data has been coded for by the quantity and quality of interactions within and between IMT functions. The presentation aims to contribute to an understanding of what enables and constrains effective teamwork and information flow within Incident Control Centers (ICCs) in Australia.
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Patricia Quiroz-Palma, Ma Carmen Penadés, & Ana-Gabriela Núñez. (2019). Towards a Capability Model for Emergency Training Improvement. In Z. Franco, J. J. González, & J. H. Canós (Eds.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. Valencia, Spain: Iscram.
Abstract: Giving adequate attention to training personnel within an organization to perform an activity of any kind
determines its success or failure. Training in emergency management is a key point and the participants must have
adequate preparation for each activity they carry out. The different activities in each emergency management
phase generate the appropriate training according to the role performed by stakeholders. The training is provided
through techniques and IT support tools that consolidate the knowledge imparted by the trainer. This paper
describes the initial steps in creating a capability model to support the training of stakeholders and ensure the
effectiveness of the response teams, as well as the appropriate actions of workers and citizens in an emergency.
Knowledge is consolidated through training, evaluation and feedback from practice. The proposed model is being
integrated in the QuEP framework to guide organizations in assessing and improving the management of their
emergency plans.
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