Frédérick Bénaben, Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Pierre Couget, & Vincent Chapurlat. (2008). A metamodel and its ontology to guide crisis characterization and its collaborative management. In B. V. de W. F. Fiedrich (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 189–196). Washington, DC: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: This paper presents a research in progress about the French ISyCri project that aims at providing partners involved in crisis management with an agile Mediation Information System (MIS). Not only this MIS shoul support the interoperability of the partners' information systems but it is also dedicated to coordinate their activities through a collaborative process. One of the first and main steps towards such a MIS, is to elaborate a common and sharable reference model built to characterize crisis situations. Such a model is also an input for automated reasoning to elaborate and adapt a crisis solving collaborative process. This article presents the objective of the project, our approach and our first results: a UML metamodel of crisis situation and its corresponding OWL ontology on top of which deductions are possible.
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Thomas Bernard, Mathias Braun, Olivier Piller, Denis Gilbert, Jochen Deuerlein, Andreas Korth, et al. (2013). SMaRT-OnlineWDN: Online security management and reliability toolkit for water distribution networks. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 171–176). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: Water distribution Networks (WDNs) are critical infrastructures that are exposed to deliberate or accidental contamination. Until now, no monitoring system is capable of protecting a WDN in real time. In the immediate future water service utilities that are installing water quantity and quality sensors in their networks will be producing a continuous and huge data stream for treating. The main objective of the project SMaRT-OnlineWDN is the development of an online security management toolkit for water distribution networks that is based on sensor measurements of water quality as well as water quantity and online simulation. Its field of application ranges from detection of deliberate contamination, including source identification and decision support for effective countermeasures, to improved operation and control of a WDN under normal and abnormal conditions.
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Carsí, J. A., Canós, J. H., Penadés, Mª C., Sánchez-Díaz, J., & Borges, M. R. S. (2023). Towards a Generic Metamodel for Urban Resilience Assessment. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 1059–1068). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: The proliferation of natural and artificial disasters in the last decades has made urban resilience enforcement a strategic goal of city governments worldwide and a hot research topic for academics and practitioners. Consequently, several urban resilience assessment and improvement frameworks have been proposed. Some frameworks have associated operational tools, but these systems are not interoperable with other frameworks' utilities, forcing cities to use different tools for evaluating various aspects of resilience. Since data must be converted manually from one tool to another, the conversion may be error-prone and tedious. In this paper, we report the steps toward defining an urban resilience metamodel that intends to be at the core of a multi-framework urban resilience management portal. Our goal is to provide city administrators with a single operational tool able to evaluate resilience according to different frameworks, thanks to the definition of semantic interoperability mechanisms between the frameworks and the metamodel
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Han Che, & Shuming Liu. (2013). Monitoring data identification for a water distribution system based on data self-recognition approach. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 166–170). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: Detecting the occurrence of hydraulic accidents or contamination events in the shortest time has always been a significant but difficult task. The simple and efficient way is to identify the sudden changes or outliers hidden in the vast amounts of monitoring data produced minute by minute, which is unpractical for human. A new method, which employs a data self-recognition approach to achieve that automatically, has been proposed in this paper. The autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model was employed in this research to construct the self-recognition model. 56 months monitoring data from Changping water distribution network in Beijing, which was firstly cut into different time-slice series, was used to establish the ARMA model. This provided a prediction confidence interval in order to identify the outliers in the test data series. The results showed a good performance in outlier identification and the accuracy ranges from 90% to 95%.Thus, the ARMA model showed great potential in dealing with monitoring data and achieving the expected performance of data self-recognition technology.
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Sébastien Delhay, Mahamadou Idrissa, & Vinciane Lacroix. (2005). PARADIS: GIS tools for humanitarian demining. In B. C. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 213–219). Brussels: Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium.
Abstract: Landmines and UXO (UneXploded Ordnance1) represent a constant and long-lasting threat to the life of millions of individuals. Moreover, these weapons have a strong socio-economic impact on contaminated countries as they involve serious effects as the loss of agricultural fields or access to water. Demining is a critical issue since contaminated areas are large and their clearance often requires investing much time and money into it. It is then fundamental to manage demining activities in an efficient manner. PARADIS 2 is a tool dedicated to Mine Action and helps demining campaigns planners take rational decisions. It fits the needs of all campaign actors, as it is based on the tasks assigned to both the campaign planner and the field operator. The tool is built upon GIS technology and uses satellite imagery as a substitute for background maps, in order to represent all data involved in demining in their most explicit form: a map.
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Daniel Hahn. (2007). Non-restrictive linking in wireless sensor networks for industrial risk management. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 605–609). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The OSIRIS project addresses the disaster management workflow in the phases of risk monitoring and crisis management. Risk monitoring allows the continuous observation of endangered areas combined with sensor deployment strategies. The crisis management focuses on particular events and the support by sensor networks. Four complementary live demonstrations will validate the OSIRIS approach. These demonstrations include water contamination, air pollution, south European forest fire, and industrial risk monitoring. This paper focuses on the latter scenario: the industrial risk monitoring. This scenario offers the special opportunity to demonstrate the relevance of OSIRIS by covering all the aspects of monitoring, preparation and response phases of both environmental risk and crisis management. The approach focuses on non-restrictive linking in a wireless sensor network in order to facilitate the addition and removal of nodes providing open interaction primitives allowing the comfortable integration, exclusion, and modification. A management layer with an event-triggered and service-based middleware is proposed. A live lab with real fire is illustrated.
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Magnus Jändel, Sinna Lindquist, & Linus Luotsinen. (2013). Social coverage maps. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 241–250). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: This paper introduces Social Coverage Maps (SCM) as a visual representation of the societal impact of localized disruptions in urban areas. Incited by the recent deliberate interruption of wireless services for the purpose of crowd control in San Francisco, we focus on the use of SCMs for representing emergent effects of electronic warfare. As a prequel we discuss maps and other visualizations as representations of human behaviour and relations. The SCM concept is defined and grounded in simulation-based parameters. Using an experimental scenario based on cell phone jamming in a city we show how SCMs are generated using an agent-based population simulator. We find that Social Coverage Maps could become a useful tool for analysing emergent effects of actions and events including electronic warfare, roadblocks, smoke, teargas, chemical and radioactive contamination with applications in operational and emergency planning as well as crisis management.
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Alexander Kiselev, & Sergey Bogatov. (2012). Model PROLOG for countermeasures efficacy assessment and its calculation algorithm verification on the base of the Chazhma Bay accident data. In Z.Franco J. R. L. Rothkrantz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Vancouver, BC: Simon Fraser University.
Abstract: Methodical approaches used in the computational model “PROLOG” are given in the paper. This model is intended for assessing radiological situations and an efficiency of counter measures after short term radioactive releases. Basic local Gaussian dispersion algorithm is supplemented with modules for assessing a plume rise, dry deposition velocities, effect of buildings and complex terrain, etc. The modules provide a compromise between simplicity, shortage of initial data and adequacy of the model in case of real accident. Approaches to assess the dose and countermeasure efficiency are presented as well. Plume rise, complex terrain and contaminant polydispersity modeling approaches were tested on the basis of comparison of calculation and experimental results for dose rate and Co-60 surface contamination measured after the Chazhma bay accident in 1985. © 2012 ISCRAM.
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Pettersson, M. N., Axelsson, J., Svenson, P., & Johansson, A. (2023). Towards a Risk Analysis Method for Systems of Systems: A Case Study on Wildfire Rescue Operations. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 530–545). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Crisis management (CM) is facing new challenges due to the increasing complexity of contemporary society. To mitigate a crisis, it is often necessary for a collection of independent systems, people, and organizations to cooperate. These collaborating entities constitute an interconnected socio-technical system of systems (SoS). An important question is how a CM SoS should be constructed to minimize the risk of failure and accurately handle a crisis. SoS pose new challenges in analysing risk during interactions. This paper investigates whether the risk analysis method STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes) is suitable for SoS, using a forest fire rescue operation case study. Results show characteristics of various risk sources and identify some SoS characteristics, such as dynamic structure and latent risks, that are not sufficiently handled in STAMP. The study further contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting potential directions for research on SoS risk assessment methods.
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Shada Alsalamah, Hessah Alsalamah, Jaziar Radianti, Sakher Alqahtani, Thamer Adnan Nouh, Mohamed Abomhara, et al. (2018). Information Requirements for Disaster Victim Identification and Emergency Medical Services:Hajj Crowd Disaster Case Study. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 861–873). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Disturbing crowd disaster incidents have been witnessed in every corner of the planet, which often lead to extensive difficulties, especially when they involve mass multi-nation casualties. When conducting Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) tasks, starting from finding the missing, curing the injured, and identifying the deceased, the challenge in such disasters is the lack of information to provide Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and conduct DVI in a timely manner. The literature presents fragmented solutions that can equip either post-mortem DVI or EMS with solutions to facilitate data collection and dissemination, but they do not consider a holistic solution that allows access to the victims' right information when needed. In this paper, we analyze information needs across multi-disciplines, as well as the requirements for technical support that can help manage the identification process. Recommendations should lay a sound foundation for future multi-disciplinary research in the areas of DVI, EMS, crowd disaster, health informatics, information security and software engineering in the health sphere.
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Philip Fei Wu. (2009). User acceptance of emergency alert technology: A case study. In S. J. J. Landgren (Ed.), ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives. Gothenburg: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors affecting the user acceptance of emergency alert systems. By studying the adoption of a SMS-based alert system at a large public university in the United States, this paper explores the research question: How are different motivational factors related to the intention and behavior of using emergency alert technology? Through a mixed-methods approach, the study demonstrates a “deepening” effort in applying the technology acceptance model (TAM) to emergency response system, drawing attention to the holistic nature of motivation-behavior in technology acceptance. Results of this research show that: The concept of usefulness has multiple levels of meanings to its intended users; the ease of use is more about the users' ability to control the system behavior; and subjective norm need to be examined with relation to its originating source.
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Završnik, J., Vošner, H. B. žun, & Kokol, P. (2023). Pandemic crisis management: The EU project STAMINA. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (p. 1070). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: Pandemics, as COVID-19 showed, can have the potential to result in serious global health threats and crises. Management of such kind of crisis presents a serious challenge due to the number of affected people, differences in legal, administrative, health procedures, political cultures, and the lack of smart interconnected, and compatible digitalized software tolls. The aim of the STAMINA project, sponsored by EU, was to overcome the above challenges and support efficient and effective pandemic management by providing Artificial intelligence-based decision-support technology which could successfully operate at a regional, national, and global level. The project targeted three stages of the emergency management cycle: Prediction, Preparedness, and Response. The STAMINA solution provides national planners, regional crisis management agencies, first responders, and citizens with new tools as well as a clear guide to how they can be used in line with international standards and legislation.
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Zeleskidis, A., Chalarampidou, S., Dokas, I. M., & Torra, F. (2023). COBOT Safety Awareness: A RealTSL Demonstration in a Simulated System. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 874–891). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: This work aims to propose the RealTSL methodology to empower collaborative robotic systems with self-safety awareness capability and address the methodology's limitation in determining time ranges for the unsafe system state transitions, which are inputs of the methodology. The COBOT system used in this paper to demonstrate RealTSL is an automated scissor lift robot to be used by first responders for “work at height,” simulated in Simulink™. The demonstration begins by 1) applying STPA to the system, 2) applying Early Warning Sign Analysis based on STAMP (EWaSAP), 3) creating an acyclic diagram that depicts system state transitions towards unsafe states, 4) incorporating the appropriate sensory equipment in the simulation, 5) simulating the system's operation for different scenarios using fault injection and finally 6) use information from the simulations to complete the RealTSL analysis and calculate the safety level of the system in real-time during its simulated operation.
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