Inga Kroener, Hayley Watson, & Julia Muraszkiewicz. (2017). Agility in crisis management information systems requires an iterative and flexible approach to assessing ethical, legal and social issues. In eds Aurélie Montarnal Matthieu Lauras Chihab Hanachi F. B. Tina Comes (Ed.), Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management (pp. 247–255). Albi, France: Iscram.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the assessment of ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) in relation to agile information systems in the domain of crisis management. The authors analyse the differing needs of a move from a traditional approach to the development of information systems to an agile approach, which offers flexibility, adaptability and responds to the needs of users as the system develops. In turn, the authors argue that this development requires greater flexibility and an iterative approach to assessing ELSI. The authors provide an example from the Horizon 2020 EU-funded project iTRACK (Integrated system for real-time TRACKing and collective intelligence in civilian humanitarian missions) to exemplify this move to an iterative approach in practice, drawing on the process of undertaking an ethical and privacy impact assessment for the purpose of this project.
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Katrina Petersen, & Monika Büscher. (2015). Technology in Disaster Response and Management: Narratives of Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: Ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) are widely recognised as important in IT innovation for crisis response and management. However, attention often struggles to get beyond theorising basic concepts, when the realities of how difficulties and opportunities manifest are complex and practical. Unless these realities are understood, solutions to ELSI will remain at the surface, missing opportunities to responsibly and creatively leverage the potential of IT in disaster response. This workshop brings together narratives of lived experiences of ethical, legal, and social issues encountered in the context of IT innovation in disaster response, and analyses of normative, policy and regulatory backgrounds. In this editorial, we motivate this turn to narrative, summarise the contributions that will be presented on the day, and set out some key questions.
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Katrina Petersen, Rachel Oliphant, & Monika Büscher. (2016). Experimenting with the Ethical Impact Assessment as a Grounding Socio-Technical Practice. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: This paper discusses an experiment with a formative method for ethical impact assessment (EIA) in the context of IT design for multi-agency crisis management that draws on scenarios and role-playing to ground ethics in a broader socio-technical domain not just in user needs and values. Contextualising the EIA discussions in this way opened up new avenues for addressing ethical concerns, broadening the design context from a focus on usability to thinking creatively and collaboratively through ethical, legal and social implications.
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Monika Buscher, Maria Alejandra Lujan Escalante, Hayley Alter, & Xaroula Kerasidou. (2018). Is-IT-ethical? Responsible Research and Innovation for Disaster Risk Management. In Kees Boersma, & Brian Tomaszeski (Eds.), ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 254–267). Rochester, NY (USA): Rochester Institute of Technology.
Abstract: Even though there are approaches for responsible research and innovation and recommendations on how to use IT, there is a lack of standardisation and guidance that integrates the perspectives of researchers, technology developers, end users, and society at large. In this paper we describe is-IT-ethical?, a European knowledge and service hub we are developing for diverse parties involved in crisis and disaster risk management with a commitment to European values and fundamental rights. The overarching rationale of the initiative is to support European societies' need to effectively balance the benefits of IT with values of democracy and fundamental rights, especially privacy and data protection. The initiative builds on more than seven years of research with practitioners, academic, and commercial IT designers. This paper describes our motivations and a prototype.
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Caroline Rizza, Ângela Guimarães Pereira, & Paula Curvelo. (2013). Do-it-yourself justice: Considerations of social media use in a crisis situation: The case of the 2011 vancouver riots. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 411–415). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: On 15 June 2011, the ice hockey Stanley Cup final series between the Vancouver Canucks and the Boston Bruins took place in Vancouver. As the Vancouver Canucks were losing, riots started in downtown Vancouver. Social media were used to communicate between authorities and citizens, including the rioters. The media reporting on these events frame these communications with different narratives, which in turn raise different ethical considerations. This paper identifies those narratives and reflects upon the ideas of justice, fairness, responsibility, accountability and integrity as key ethical considerations. The paper also identifies some difficulties arising from the use of social media in crisis situations.
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Andrea H. Tapia, Nicolas LaLone, & Hyun-Woo Kim. (2014). Run amok: Group crowd participation in identifying the bomb and bomber from the Boston marathon bombing. In and P.C. Shih. L. Plotnick M. S. P. S.R. Hiltz (Ed.), ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 265–274). University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract: In this paper we tell a version of the story of the bombing of the Boston Marathon. At first, two online groups gathered images, video and textual information concerning the bombing of the Boston Marathon and shared these with the FBI and amongst themselves. Secondly, these groups then created mechanisms to conduct their own investigation into the identities of the perpetrators. Finally, the larger national media followed the results of these online group investigations and reported these as fact to a national audience. We choose Twitter as our data repository and conducted quantitative analyses of tweets sent during the Boston Bombing. The implications for not incorporating public crowd participation within the standard operating procedures of emergency services may result in either a loss of public confidence in the slow-moving nature of official response to uncontrollable, dangerous and irresponsible public and media participation that exacerbates the negative effects of any disaster.
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Massimiliano Tarquini, & Maurizio Morgano. (2013). Ethical challenges of participatory sensing for crisis information management. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 421–425). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: “Participatory Sensing is an approach to data collection and interpretation in which individuals, acting alone or in groups, use their personal mobile devices and web services to systematically explore interesting aspects of their worlds ranging from health to culture.”[ http://www.mobilizingcs.org/about/participatory-sensing] Data from the physical world of sensors and the virtual world of social networks and Linked Data can be combined into interesting high-level information. Sensor data can assist in localized information retrieval by giving the search engine direct access to events happening locally in the real world. Participatory sensing enables individuals and communities to collect and share granular, accurate data about a particular area. This paper describes work in progress within the FP7 EU-funded project SMART project to develop a multimedia search engine over content and information streaming from both the physical world and the Internet. We will identify some ethical problems regarding the use and storage of such data.
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Hayley Watson, & Rachel L. Finn. (2013). Privacy and ethical implications of the use of social media during a volcanic eruption: Some initial thoughts. In J. Geldermann and T. Müller S. Fortier F. F. T. Comes (Ed.), ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 416–420). KIT; Baden-Baden: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie.
Abstract: In a relatively new area of research for crisis management, this working paper presents a preliminary discussion of some of the privacy and ethical implications surrounding the use of social media in the event of a crisis. The paper uses the chaos caused by the eruptions of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in 2010 to contextualise the analysis. It begins by presenting two case studies of the use of social media by members of the public and the aviation industry during the crisis caused by the ash plume. The paper then proceeds to briefly highlight some select ethical and privacy implications stemming from the use of social media such as privacy infringements and inequality. The paper concludes by briefly summarising the findings of the paper and considering next steps for future research in this area.
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