Alexander Garcia-Aristizabal, Maria Polese, Giulio Zuccaro, Miguel Almeida, & Christoph Aubrecht. (2015). Improving emergency preparedness with simulation of cascading events scenarios. In L. Palen, M. Buscher, T. Comes, & A. Hughes (Eds.), ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Kristiansand, Norway: University of Agder (UiA).
Abstract: Natural or man-made disasters can trigger other negative events leading to tremendous increase of fatalities and damages. In case of Low Probability ? High consequences events, decision makers are faced with very difficult choices and the availability of a tool to support emergency decisions would be very much beneficial. Within EU CRISMA project a concept model and tool for evaluating cascading effects into scenario-based analyses was implemented.This paper describes the main concepts of the model and demonstrates its application with reference to two earthquake-triggered CE scenarios, including (the first) the falling of an electric cable, ignition and spreading of forest fire and (the second) the happening of a second earthquake in a sequence. Time dependent seismic vulnerability of buildings and population exposure are also considered for updating impact estimation during an earthquake crisis.
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Balogh, Z., Gatial, E., Dolatabadi, S. H., Dlugolinský, Štefan, Saltarella, M., Scipioni, M. P., et al. (2023). Communication Protocol for using Nontraditional Information Sources between First Responders and Citizens during Wildfires. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 152–165). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: One of the biggest challenges faced during the wildfires is communication. A specific case represents the need to establish communication between first responders and the public. This paper presents a proposal for a generic protocol to ensure effective communication between fire fighters and many citizens at the incident site or in the surrounding area using nontraditional information sources such as a dedicated mobile app or social media. Specific challenges, concepts and technologies relevant to such communication are described specifically customized for forest fires and wildfires. The protocol itself is provided by proposing information flows between the involved actors. Moreover, several technologies including a Citizen Engagement Mobile App, an Edge Micro Data Center for forward command centers, a Mesh in the Sky communication infrastructure or a Dashboard integrating and displaying all the data in one place is shortly introduced. The presented paper is a work in progress.
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María Hernandez, Susana Montero, David Díez, Ignacio Aedo, & Paloma Díaz. (2009). Towards an interoperable data model for forest fire reports. In S. J. J. Landgren (Ed.), ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives. Gothenburg: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The creation of action statistics of fire extinction services is a common activity in the management of forest-fires emergencies. The compilation of action data and the elaboration of statistics based upon those data allow drawing relevant information about forest fires emergencies and fire extinction services. The creation of action statistics requires the exchange of heterogeneous data, with different granularity and detail, among scattered sources. This paper introduces a Forest Fire Report Data Model devoted to be a data reference model for sharing and exchanging forest fire reports in order to achieve syntactic interoperability among independent systems. The definition of the model has been based on the review of forest fire statistics made by different agencies as well as the experience gained in developing an information system, called SIU6, for the creation of action reports of.
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María Hernandez, Susana Montero, David Díez, Paloma Díaz, & Ignacio Aedo. (2010). A data transfer protocol for forest fire statistics: Achieving interoperability among independent agencies. In C. Zobel B. T. S. French (Ed.), ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings. Seattle, WA: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: The elaboration of statistics after a catastrophic situation allows us not only to analyze the economic, ecological and social impact of the event but also to improve the emergency management process. One compelling example of data collection for statistics is forest fires. The agencies involved in providing data have its own systems to collect data and mechanisms to send them, as well as, its data format for storing. Since such mechanisms are usually proprietary, and in order to normalize the exchange of data with statistics generating systems, a data transfer protocol should be used. In this paper we present a data transfer protocol called Forest Fire Statistics Protocol (FFSP). This protocol aims at transmitting consolidated forest fire data between independent agencies. The data transferred are based on the Forest Fire Report Data Model. Both mechanisms are based on open standards providing both technical interoperability and a solution that might be developed once and fit the needs of all. FFSP has been implemented as a web service over SOAP, SSL/TLS and TCP protocols.
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Jenny Marklund, & Cecilia Hull Wiklund. (2016). Learning from C2 Situations in the Field – Identifying Lessons from a Major Forest Fire in Sweden. In A. Tapia, P. Antunes, V.A. Bañuls, K. Moore, & J. Porto (Eds.), ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Abstract: In July 2014, Sweden?s full crisis response system engaged in a major operation as a small forest fire spun out of control, turning into the largest forest fire in Sweden in modern times. A number of investigations have been undertaken to understand the course of the fire and identify lessons for future crisis management. This paper presents one approach to identifying such lessons, the lessons learned process applied by the Swedish Armed Forces. The paper also highlights some of the major crisis response lessons from the fire, the most important being the failure to learn from lessons identified after previous forest fires. Results also show that the crisis response effort was negatively affected by a poor understanding of relevant actor?s competencies and resources, as well as lack of continuity in the initial chain of command, and identifies the need for national prioritization of resources at times of major crises.
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Jingxian Wang, Lida Huang, Guofeng Su, Tao Chen, Chunhui Liu, & Xiaomeng Wang. (2021). UAV and GIS Based Real-time Display System for Forest Fire. In Anouck Adrot, Rob Grace, Kathleen Moore, & Christopher W. Zobel (Eds.), ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (pp. 527–535). Blacksburg, VA (USA): Virginia Tech.
Abstract: When a forest fire occurs, the commander cannot obtain information in time, and the rescue command is like groping in the dark. In order to solve the problem, this research establishes a real-time forest fire display system based on UAV and GIS. The UAV is equipped with visible light and thermal imaging cameras to transmit back forest fire scenes in real time. Based on GIS, the system can extract the boundary of the fire field through image processing and 3D modeling technology, and display various forest fire information on the screen. Through image processing and 3D modeling technology, the boundary of the fire field can be extracted and displayed on the screen. We conducted several experiments to test the accuracy and the reliability of the system. The result shows that the accuracy, reliability and real-time capability can be guaranteed in small-scale forest fires.
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Björn J.E. Johansson, Jiri Trnka, & Rego Granlund. (2007). The effect of geographical information systems on a collaborative command and control task. In K. Nieuwenhuis P. B. B. Van de Walle (Ed.), Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers (pp. 191–200). Delft: Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM.
Abstract: This paper tests the claimed benefits of using geographical information systems (GIS) in emergency response operations. An experimental study comparing command teams using GIS and paper-based maps is presented. The study utilized a combined approach using microworld simulations together with physical artefacts. Participants in the experiment took the role of command teams, facing the task of extinguishing a simulated forest fire. A total of 132 persons, forming 22 teams, participated in the study. In eleven of the teams, the participants were given access to GIS with positioning of fire-brigades as well as sensor data about the fire outbreak. In the other eleven teams, the participants were using paper-based maps. The result shows that teams using GIS performed significantly better than teams with paper-based maps in terms of saved area. Communication volume was considerably reduced in the case of GIS teams. Implications of these results on GIS are discussed as well as methodological considerations for future research.
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Mojir, K. Y., Maceviciute, E., Olson, N., Gatial, E., & Balogh, Z. (2023). Citizen Engagement in wildfire management: needs, challenges, methods and framework. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 761–772). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: With climate change, the frequency and spread of wildfires have intensified globally, bearing disastrous impacts on wildlife, the economy, and human well-being. Efforts on broad fronts are required, including proactive public participation. However, studies related to citizen engagement in the context of wildfire management remain limited. Therefore, there is a need for further studies in this area. This paper reports on ongoing work conducted in the context of an H2020 project called SILVANUS. The study investigates the methods, practices, needs and challenges related to citizen engagement in wildfire management. The authors have developed a tentative citizen engagement framework, and preliminary results related to citizens' needs and challenges are presented. The study identifies relevant topics, training contents, and methods that can be used for public engagement in wildfire management. The paper contributes towards designing future engagement modalities, technologies and training materials related to wildfire management and potentially even other crises.
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Zelenka, J., Kasanický, T. š, Gatial, E., Balogh, Z., Majlingová, A., Brodrechtova, Y., et al. (2023). Coordination of Drones Swarm for Wildfires Monitoring. In Jaziar Radianti, Ioannis Dokas, Nicolas Lalone, & Deepak Khazanchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference (pp. 144–151). Omaha, USA: University of Nebraska at Omaha.
Abstract: As a result of climate change and global weather patterns, large forest fires are becoming more frequent in different parts of the world. The focus of the presented work is on creation of a complex coordination and communication framework for a swarm of drones specially tailored for use in preventing and monitoring of forest fires. The presented algorithm has been testing and evaluating using a computer simulation. The testing and validation in relevant environment is scheduled during a pilot demonstration exercise with real personnel and equipment, which will take place in Slovakia on April 2023. The presented work is a part of the SILVANUS EU H2020 project, whose objective is the creation of a climate resilient forest management platform for forest fire prevention and suppression. SILVANUS draws on environmental, technical, and social science experts to support regional and national authorities responsible for forest fire management in their respective countries.
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