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	Author	Apoorva Chauhan; Amanda Hughes
	Title	COVID-19 Named Resources on Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	679-690
	Keywords	Crisis Named Resources, Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, COVID-19
	Abstract	Crisis Named Resources (CNRs) are social media accounts and pages named after a crisis event. They are created soon after an event occurs. CNRs share a lot of information around an event and are followed by many. In this study, we identify CNRs created around COVID-19 on Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit. We analyze when these resources were created, why they were created, how they were received by members of the public, and who created them. We conclude by comparing CNRs created around COVID-19 with past crisis events and discuss how CNR owners attempt to manage content and combat misinformation.
	Address	University of Waterloo; Brigham Young University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilience	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	apoorva.chauhan@aggiemail.usu.edu			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2364
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	Author	Apoorva Chauhan; Amanda Lee Hughes
	Title	Facebook and Twitter Adoption by Hurricane Sandy-affected Police and Fire Departments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2015
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	crisis informatics; Disaster; Emergency; social media
	Abstract	We report initial findings around the Facebook and Twitter adoption trends of 840 fire and police departments affected by Hurricane Sandy. The data show that adoption increased during the time period directly surrounding Hurricane Sandy. Despite this increase, the creation of new online accounts since that time has been declining and overall adoption rates seem to be stabilizing. Lastly, the data report Facebook to be significantly more popular than Twitter as a form of online communication for these fire and police departments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Agder (UiA)	Place of Publication	Kristiansand, Norway	Editor	L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9788271177881	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1233
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	Author	Apoorva Chauhan; Amanda Lee Hughes
	Title	Online Mentioning Behavior during Hurricane Sandy: References, Recommendations, and Rebroadcasts			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Crisis Informatics; Social Media; Emergency Management
	Abstract	Large-scale crisis events require coordination between the many responding stakeholders to provide timely, relevant, and accurate information to the affected public. In this paper, we examine how social media can support these coordinated public information efforts. This research considers how emergency responders mentioned different organizations, institutions, and individuals by examining the social media communications of police and fire departments during Hurricane Sandy. We find that these departments use mentions to reference other sources of information, recommend credible information and sources, and rebroadcast information. These mentions offer insight into how emergency responders fit within a broader crisis information network and the types of entities that responders trust and recommend to provide information to the public.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3388	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-9	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1390
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	Author	Apoorva Chauhan; Amanda Lee Hughes
	Title	Social Media Resources Named after a Crisis Event			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	573-583
	Keywords	Crisis Informatics, Crisis Named Resources, Social Media
	Abstract	Crisis Named Resources (CNRs) are the social media accounts and pages named after a crisis event. CNRs typically appear spontaneously after an event as places for information exchange. They are easy to find when searching for information about the event. Yet in most cases, it is unclear who manages these resources. Thus, it is important to understand what kinds of information they provide and what role they play in a response. This paper describes a study of Facebook and Twitter CNRs around the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire. We report on CNR lifecycles, and their relevance to the event. Based on the information provided by these resources, we categorize them into 8 categories: donations, fundraisers, prayers, reactions, reports, needs and offers, stories, and unrelated. We also report on the most popular CNR on both Facebook and Twitter. We conclude by discussing the role of CNRs and the need for future investigation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2132
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	Author	Ummul Khair Israt Ara; Fang Chen
	Title	Information security in crisis management system			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disasters; Expert systems; Information systems; Interoperability; Management information systems; Security of data; Crisis management; Crisis management systems; Crisis situations; Medical emergency; Security components; Security requirements; Strong securities; Terrorist attacks; Information management
	Abstract	Information security is an important part of almost any kind of Information System. Crisis Management Systems (CMS) are a type of Information System that deals with information which needs to be secure. No matter what kind of crisis, natural disasters, man-made crisis or terrorist attacks, the CMS security should not be compromised. There are many challenges regarding exchange of qualified information and interoperability between various Expert Systems and the CMS. It is important to have strong security in terms of technology, skills, security requirements, sensitivity of information and trust-worthiness (Vural, Ciftcibasi and Inan, 2010). Depending on the type of crisis situation, different sets of security components should be triggered, since the security requirements vary between situations. For example, a terrorist attack has different security requirements in the system compared to a natural disaster or a medical emergency. In this paper, the importance of Information Security in CMS will be discussed. Methods for secure exchange of qualified information are analyzed and a secure and dynamic Crisis Management Information Security System (CMISS) design is introduced. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Poster Session	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	76
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	Author	Viveca Asproth; Erik A.M. Borglund; Lena-Maria Öberg
	Title	Exercises for crisis management training in intra-organizational settings			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	105-109
	Keywords	Information systems; Crisis management; Evaluation; Scenario design; Scenarios; Training exercise; Web-based tools; Design
	Abstract	In this article the focus is how to train collaboration and communication between emergency authorities in two countries (Norway and Sweden) by using a web-based tool supporting tabletop like exercises. The exercises are accomplished in three steps: Scenario design; exercise design and realization; and evaluation to examine the results of the exercises and for feedback to new scenario designs. The software ties all three steps together. The process is iterative, and involves users from each emergency authority. The preliminary results after two years show that the approach is promising. To be able to better foresee what will happen during an exercise the need for a simulator has appeared as one desirable and possible direction for further research.
	Address	Mid Sweden University, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Coordination and Collaboration	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	277
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	Author	Christoph Aubrecht; Klaus Steinnocher; Hermann Huber
	Title	DynaPop – Population distribution dynamics as basis for social impact evaluation in crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	314-318
	Keywords	Information systems; Population distribution; Population dynamics; Risk assessment; Activity patterns; Crisis management; Evacuation planning; Population distribution patterns; Population dynamics models; Population exposure; Spatial disaggregation; Spatio-temporal models; Economic and social effects
	Abstract	In this paper ongoing developments regarding the conceptual setup and subsequent implementation logic of a seamless spatio-temporal population dynamics model are presented. The DynaPop model aims at serving as basic input for social impact evaluation in crisis management. In addition to providing the starting point for assessing population exposure dynamics, i.e. the location and number of affected people at different stages during an event, knowledge of spatio-temporal population distribution patterns is also considered crucial for a set of other related aspects in disaster risk and crisis management including evacuation planning and casualty assessment. DynaPop is implemented via a gridded spatial disaggregation approach and integrates previous efforts on spatio-temporal modeling that account for various aspects of population dynamics such as human mobility and activity patterns that are particularly relevant in picturing the highly dynamic daytime situation.
	Address	AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Energy Department, Austria; AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Safety and Security Department, Austria
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Geographic Information Science	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	279
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	Author	Audrey Fertier; Aurélie Montarnal; Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë; Sébastien Truptil; Frédérick Bénaben
	Title	Adoption of Big Data in Crisis Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Crisis Management; Big Data; Decision Support; Agility
	Abstract	Most agree that the innate complexity and uncertainty of a crisis compel the stakeholders to coordinate in a hurry, despite their heterogeneity or the volume of data to process. Supporting their coordination is now possible, thanks to a mediation system combined with big data management tools. The GéNéPi1 project explores this possibility and proposes to improve the generation of collaborative processes offered by the MISE2?s solution. The idea is to increase the number of usable data sources. To do that, in a fixed time-frame, the situation models have to be instantly generated upon sets of raw data. This new methodology holds the key to a new big data era: an age where global understanding reigns.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3395	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-16	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Decision Support in the Networked Society	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1334
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	Author	Audrey Fertier; Aurélie Montarnal; Sébastien Truptil; Anne-Marie Barthe-Delanoë; Frédérick Bénaben
	Title	A situation model to support collaboration and decision-making inside crisis cells, in real time			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1020-1028
	Keywords	Crisis Management; Situation Model; Situation Awareness; Big Data
	Abstract	Natural and man-made hazards have many unexpected consequences that concern as many heterogeneous services. The GéNéPi project offers to support officials in addressing those events: its purpose is to support the collaboration in the field and the decision-making in the crisis cells. To succeed, the GéNéPi system needs to be aware of the ongoing crisis developments. For now, its best chance is to benefit from the ever growing number of available data sources. One of its goals is, therefore, to learn how to manage numerous, heterogeneous, more or less reliable data, in order to interpret them, in time, for the officials. The result consists on a situation model in the shape of a common operational picture. This paper describes every stage of modelling from the raw data selection, to the use of the situation model itself.
	Address	Centre Génie Industriel, Université de Toulouse, Albi, France; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Response and Recovery	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2085
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	Author	Aurélie Congès; Alexis Evain; Olivier Chabiron; Col. Jacob Graham(USMC, R.); Frédérick Benaben
	Title	Virtual Reality to Train for Crisis Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1100-1112
	Keywords	Virtual reality; Crisis Management; Exercises; Decision-Support System
	Abstract	The EGCERSIS project aims at using virtual reality to improve the efficiency of the crisis management preparation phase. The idea is to tackle the drawbacks of regular crisis management exercises thanks to fully configurable scenarios taking place in digital twins of real critical sites. Virtual exercises will improve, among other things, the frequency, efficiency, and modularity of crisis management preparation, while reducing its costs. In this article, we demonstrate the idea of the project through a simple use-case taking place in a metro station and involving three crisis responders. By linking virtual exercises to our crisis management platform, we also want to demonstrate the usefulness of decision-support systems during a crisis.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi; IMT Mines Albi; Immersive Factory; The Pennsylvania State University; IMT Mines Albi
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-99	ISBN	2411-3485	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	aurelie.conges@mines-albi.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2300
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	Author	Menelaos Bakopoulos; Sofia Tsekeridou; Eri Giannaka; Zheng-Hua Tan; Ramjee Prasad
	Title	Command & control: Information merging, selective visualization and decision support for emergency handling			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Biometrics; Decision support systems; Flow visualization; Information management; Information systems; Local area networks; Personal digital assistants; Visualization; Command posts; Crisis management; Decision supports; First responders; Information merging; Video annotations; Wearable sensors; Merging
	Abstract	Emergency situations call for the timely collaboration and error free communication of first responder (FR) teams from their Command Posts (CP) and between themselves. First responder teams must form and adapt their plans and actions as a real-time critical situation unfolds. This paper presents an advanced Command Post application that manages a diversity of FR teams during an emergency. Data from biometric, fire and/or gas sensors in addition to received annotated videos from first responders on site, carrying personal digital assistants (PDAs), are simultaneously managed. The presented system provides properly configured access to and alert-dependent visualization of real time location, biometric, gas, fire and annotated video data from FRs in the field to allow for effective reaction and decision support from CP personnel. Additionally, the system forms an information management system for all necessary information to be quickly handy during emergency handling, such as FR information, critical infrastructure information, historical information, etc. This system has been validated through qualitative analysis in a field trial at the M30 tunnel in Madrid by participating end users.
	Address	Athens Information Technology, Greece; Aalborg University, Denmark
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	284
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	Author	Marie Bartels
	Title	Communicating probability: A challenge for decision support systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	260-264
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Critical infrastructures; Decision making; Information systems; Public works; Crisis communications; Crisis management; Decision-making under uncertainty; Inter-organizational; Interorganizational cooperation; Making decision; Decision support systems
	Abstract	This paper presents observations made in the course of two interorganizational crisis management exercises that were conducted in order to identify requirements for a decision support system for critical infrastructure operators. It brings into focus how different actors deal with the uncertainty of information that is relevant for other stakeholders and therefore is to be shared with them. It was analyzed how the participants articulated und comprehended assessments on how probable the reliability of a given data or prognosis was. The recipients of the information had to consider it when making decisions concerning their own network. Therefore they had to evaluate its reliability. Different strategies emerged.
	Address	Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	289
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	Author	Anne Marie Barthe; Matthieu Lauras; Frédérick Benaben
	Title	Improving the design of interoperable platform through a structured case study description approach: Application to a nuclear crisis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Bpmn; Case framework; Collaborative process; Crisis; Model driven architectures; S-Cube project; Uml; Software architecture
	Abstract	In this article, we briefly describe a crisis management case that has been chosen (in the European funded project PLAY) to test the federated-open-trusted platform for event-driven interaction between services. A description of such complex use case in natural language is obviously limited and should be completed with a formal description methodology to gather the necessary knowledge. Considering our technical requirements we suggest to combine the S-Cube approach with the model driven architecture approach to propose a complete and structured case study description framework. Then this article presents a nuclear crisis case modeled according to these guidelines.
	Address	Université de Toulouse-Mines Albi, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Interoperability and Standards	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	290
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	Author	Anne Marie Barthe; Sébastien Truptil; Frédérick Bénaben
	Title	Agility of crisis response: Gathering and analyzing data through an event-driven platform			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	250-254
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Agility; Collaborative process; Complex event processing; Crisis response; Crisis situations; Event-driven architectures; Information concerning; Nuclear accidents; Information systems
	Abstract	The goal of this article is to introduce a platform (called Agility Service) that gathers and analyses data coming from both crisis response and crisis field by using the principles of Complex Event Processing. As a crisis situation is an unstable phenomenon (by nature or by effect of the applied response), the crisis response may be irrelevant after a while: lack of resources, arrival of a new stakeholder, unreached objectives, over-crisis, etc. Gathering data, analyze and aggregate it to deduce relevant information concerning the current crisis situation, and making this information available to the crisis cell to support decision making: these are the purposes of the described platform. A use case based on the Fukushima's nuclear accident is developed to illustrate the use of the developed prototype.
	Address	University of Toulouse – Mines Albi, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	291
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	Author	Bas Lijnse
	Title	Modeling Real World Crisis Management Plans with C2Sketch			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	404-413
	Keywords	Crisis Management Plans; Command and Control Systems; C2Sketch
	Abstract	When crisis management plans are described in natural language documents, they may contain logical inconsistencies or ambiguities that are not immediately apparent. To allow automated early detection of such errors, they need to be described in a well defined formalism. C2Sketch is a tool for modeling command and control systems that provides such a structure for formalizing (crisis management) plans. However, C2Sketch is in active development and to what extent real-world crisis management plans can be expressed in it is unknown. In this exploratory study the unstructured text of a small sample of publicly available regional-level crisis management plans was translated systematically into structured C2Sketch mission-plans to uncover limitations and opportunities for further development of the tool. The plans contained enough information to largely capture the networks of actors and their tasks therein, but did contain enough operational information to develop complete C2Sketch models from.
	Address	Netherlands Defence Academy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2428
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	Author	Andrea Bellucci; Alessio Malizia; Paloma Díaz; Ignacio Aedo
	Title	Framing the design space for novel crisis-related mashups: The eStoryS example			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disasters; Information systems; Metadata; Risk management; World Wide Web; Collaboration Tool; Conceptual frameworks; Crisis informatics; Emergency management; Georeferenced information; Natural disasters; User-generated content; Web mashups; Design
	Abstract	Web 2.0 can be viewed as a platform where users can develop their own web applications. It is also characterized by a vast amount of user-generated contents presenting spatial and temporal components, by means of associated metadata. These metadata has been successfully exploited to generate map-based mashups (web applications gathering data from different sources) facing different kind of crisis situations, ranging from natural disasters (earthquakes, wildfires, floods...) to human-made disasters (terrorist attacks, school shootings, conflicts...). The social and collaborative dimensions of the Web 2.0 can be also exploited for managing crisis-related information. We present here a survey of current crisis-related mashups we employed to extract design dimensions and provide a conceptual framework that can be used: A) to understand current systems and; b) to design next generation of crisis-related mashups. We propose the eStoryS system as an example of application developed following the design principles presented in this paper. On the basis of our analysis, we believe that the design dimensions posited here provide useful insights for the design of novel web mashups in the emergency management domain.
	Address	Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Collaboration and Social Networking	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	300
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	Author	Frédérick Bénaben; Chihab Hanachi; Matthieu Lauras; Pierre Couget; Vincent Chapurlat
	Title	A metamodel and its ontology to guide crisis characterization and its collaborative management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	189-196
	Keywords	Characterization; Hardware; Ontology; Automated reasoning; Collaborative management; Collaborative process; Crisis; Crisis management; Metamodeling; Reference modeling; System of systems; Information systems
	Abstract	This paper presents a research in progress about the French ISyCri project that aims at providing partners involved in crisis management with an agile Mediation Information System (MIS). Not only this MIS shoul support the interoperability of the partners' information systems but it is also dedicated to coordinate their activities through a collaborative process. One of the first and main steps towards such a MIS, is to elaborate a common and sharable reference model built to characterize crisis situations. Such a model is also an input for automated reasoning to elaborate and adapt a crisis solving collaborative process. This article presents the objective of the project, our approach and our first results: a UML metamodel of crisis situation and its corresponding OWL ontology on top of which deductions are possible.
	Address	Université de Toulouse, Mines ALBI, DR/GI, France; Université de Toulouse 1, France; Prefecture du Tarn, France; Ecole des Mines D'Alès, LGI2P, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Ontologies for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	301
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	Author	T. Benjamins; Leon J.M. Rothkrantz
	Title	Interactive simulation in crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	571-580
	Keywords	Autonomous agents; Communication infrastructure; Crises situations; Crisis management; Decision making process; Event generators; Interactive simulations; Serious gaming; Training facility; Multi agent systems
	Abstract	Experiments in crisis management are expensive and difficult to realize. There is also a lack of training facilities in real crisis environments. Serious games and simulation can provide an alternative. We developed a system which enables interactive simulation for crisis management. It is called IMACSIM (Interactive Multi Agent Crisis Simulator Interpreter and Monitor). It is composed of the following components: First a software based platform for dynamic simulating of disasters. Next an event generator which can generate different crises situations. We designed a communication infrastructure that allows agents participants in the simulation to exchange messages. Every agent is able to observe the results of crisis events, process these events and initiate appropriate actions via a waypoint system. The decision making process is distributed among autonomous agents. Some actions may have an impact on the event generator, so there is an interaction between agents and event generator. We developed a first prototype. The design and test results will be described in this paper.
	Address	Man-Machine Interaction Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	GAME	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	303
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	Author	Gary Berg-Cross
	Title	Improving situational ontologies to support adaptive crisis management knowledge architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	537-545
	Keywords	Disaster prevention; Information services; Information systems; Ontology; Service oriented architecture (SOA); Adaptive architecture; Agent-based architecture; Cognitive architectures; Crisis situations; Design Patterns; Large-scale distributed system; Research and development; Semantic Web technology; Architecture
	Abstract	There is considerable interest in advance technologies to support crisis and disaster management as they face the challenges of designing, building, and maintaining large-scale distributed systems able to adapt to the dynamics and complexity of crises. Candidate technologies include Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), related Semantic Web technology, agent-based architecture and cognitive architectures. Each embodies some principles of the Adaptive Architecture-including modularity, openness, standards-based development, runtime support and importantly explicitness. However, truly adaptive architectures for crisis management will require some deepening the knowledge architecture's content and not just its representation. Light and more robust ontological models of situations are discussed to show how better formalization of conceptual patterns like “participation” can be developed to support cognitive architectures. The feasibility of an ontological design pattern approach is described as an avenue for future research and development describing specific types of situations.
	Address	Engineering, Management and Integration Semantic Technology, Herndon VA 20170, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Adaptive Information Architectures for Interagency Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	307
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	Author	Brugghemans Bert; Milis Koen; Van de Walle Bartel
	Title	Impact of the distribution and enrichment of information on the management and coordination of a human-made fast-burning crisis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	89-93
	Keywords	Information systems; Managers; Belgium; Crisis management; Crisis situations; Making decision; Situation awareness; Decision making
	Abstract	Post hoc evaluations made of crisis situations and exercises often point at communication as an important reason for the failure of the management and coordination of the crisis. Crisis managers have to deal with the problem that they (and all other actors in the field) don't have the right information to coordinate the efforts and solve the crisis situation. This paper examines the relation between the information available – more specifically the richness of the information and the distribution of the information – And the management and coordination of a typical man-made fast-burning crisis. The literature on decision making and situation awareness is reviewed and an experiment is conducted with 40 crisis managers in Belgium to assess the impact of the information. Initial results indicate a relationship between the ways a crisis team receives information and the achieved level of situation awareness, the difficulty of making decisions and the perceived complexity of the crisis.
	Address	Antwerp Fire Service, Belgium; Campus Vesta, Belgium; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Coordination and Collaboration	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	316
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	Author	Nitesh Bharosa; Jaco Appelman; Peter De Bruin
	Title	Integrating technology in crisis response using an information manager: First lessons learned from field exercises in the Port of Rotterdam			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	63-70
	Keywords	Information systems; Crisis management; Incomplete information; Information managers; Information structures; Integrating information; Integrating technology; Operational command; Situational awareness; Managers
	Abstract	Integrating information technology (IT) in crisis management networks is a difficult and long-term endeavor. First responders must establish situational awareness and take decisions under time pressure with incomplete information. Partly, this can be mitigated by adopting more advanced IT, however practice shows that adoption is hampered because of the required change in routines and procedures. We believe that we can moderate a change in routines and stimulate the adoption of technology by introducing a new role: the information manager (IM). This paper presents some results of the first round of field observations. The main conclusion is that the IM is instrumental where it concerns, speeding up the process of establishing situational awareness and improving the information structures. In order to further improve the production of situational awareness we suggest that further research should address the issues of the internalization of process guidelines and enhancing the adaptability of information systems.
	Address	Delft University of Technology, Corgwell, Netherlands; NoSe Innovations, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	FRIT	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	322
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	Author	Loïc Bidoux; Jean-Paul Pignon; Frédérick Bénaben
	Title	A model driven system to support optimal collaborative processes design in crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	245-249
	Keywords	Algorithms; Benchmarking; Decision making; Inference engines; Optimization; Process design; Collaborative process; Crisis management; Inter-agencies coordination; Key performance indicators; Model-driven; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Optimization algorithms; Technical design; Information systems
	Abstract	This paper presents a system dedicated to support crises managers that is focused on the collaboration issues of the actors involved in the response. Based on context knowledge, decision makers' objectives and responders' capabilities, the system designs in a semi-automatic way a set of collaborative process alternatives that can optimize coordination activities during an ongoing crisis resolution. The technical design of the system mixes optimization algorithms with inference of logical rules on an ontology. Candidate processes are evaluated through multi-criteria decision analysis and proposed to the decision-makers with associated key performance indicators to help them with their choice. The overall approach is model driven through a crisis meta-model and an axiomatic theory of crisis management.
	Address	Mines Albi – Université de Toulouse, France; Thales Communications and Security, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	325
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	Author	Björn Bjurling
	Title	Contracts for resources in crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Contracts; Hardware; Computational model; Contingency planning; Contingency plans; Crisis management; Resource provisions; Resource sharing; Information systems
	Abstract	Today, crisis management relies to an extent on the provisioning of required resources from third-party providers. The crisis management capability is thus dependent on the adherence to, and the consistency of, a set of contracts for resource provisions. We aim at formalizing contingency plans as sets of contracts and developing a computational model for assessing whether the contracts for resource provisioning yield an adequate crisis management capability, with respect to resource provisioning. This paper outlines ongoing research on how to enable an analysis of contingency plans with respect to resource provisioning using the contractual formalism under development. We outline the important issues and illustrate with an example how contracts can be used for resource sharing.
	Address	Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and/or Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	326
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	Author	Björn Bjurling; Preben Hansen
	Title	Contracts for information sharing in collaborative networks			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Contracts; Information systems; Collaboration; Collaborative network; Crisis management; Imperfect information; Information sharing; Initial phasis; Information analysis
	Abstract	In crisis management, units from different organizations collaborate for achieving a common goal. The success of such collaborations depends partly and not insignificantly on the composition of the network of collaborating units. In the initial phases of a crisis management operation, there is often a great deal of uncertainty about the nature and the extent of the crisis. The uncertainty may lead to contradictory and otherwise imperfect information sharing among the organizations and agencies that are responsible for engaging the crisis. This in turn, may lead to suboptimal and inefficient compositions of the collaborating network. This paper suggests the use of contracts for information sharing for ensuring that the information sharing indeed facilitates efficient formation of collaborating networks.
	Address	Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Poster Session	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	327
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	Author	Björn JE Johansson; Amanda Jaber; Joeri van Laere; Peter Berggren
	Title	Crisis Response During Payment Disruptions – The Themes of TRAMS			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	264-275
	Keywords	Crisis Management, Payment Disruptions, Resilience, Thematic Analysis.
	Abstract	A qualitative analysis of observation protocols and audio recordings from 14 crisis response exercises has been conducted revealing eight themes reoccurring in multi-disciplinary team discussions about crisis response to large disruptions to the card payment system. The themes were: Coordinate and collaborate, Payment options, Cash circulation, Fuel and transportation, Security, Inform, communicate and the media, Hoarding and rationing, and Vulnerable groups. The analysis suggest that Swedish society is vulnerable to disruptions in the card payment services, largely due to a low diversity in payment options, the lack of prepared back up solutions for payment, and insufficient cash flows to support a cash only scenario. A longer (several days) disruption in the card payment system will demand coordinating mechanisms for information management, available payment options, and preparedness for rapid establishment of cash flows. Today, these mechanisms do not exist. Simulation exercises with stake-holders are an important mean for increasing awareness about these vulnerabilities and the challenges associated with coping with them.
	Address	Linköping University; Linköping University; Skövde University; Linköping University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-26	ISBN	2411-3412	Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	bjorn.j.johansson@liu.se			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2227
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