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	Author	Rustenberg, K.; Radianti, J.; Gjøsæter, T.
	Title	Exploring Demons for the Establishment of Team Situational Awareness			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	636-648
	Keywords	Teams SA; Barriers of Team SA; Trust; Cynefin Framework; Information Sharing; Multi-Agency Collaboration; Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
	Abstract	Individual situational awareness (SA) is crucial for building team SA, which is necessary for achieving a shared understanding of a situation, making informed decisions, and taking appropriate actions. This article examines the communication barriers that emerge when transitioning from individual to team SA in emergency management scenarios. We observed two emergency exercises on “ongoing life-threatening violence” and dam failure causing hospital congestion. The study was complemented with interviews with participants of these exercises, aiming at identifying barriers called SA-demons in the team setting. We discovered barriers that hinder the establishment of team SA, including a vicious cycle of mistrust, a fragmented information trap, a false feeling of mastery trap, and a decaying memory trap. These barriers can stem from individual, organizational, or technological factors. To complement existing SA theories, we applied the Cynefin framework and found that standard operating procedures can be potential barriers when transitioning into chaotic or complex domains.
	Address	Department of Information Systems University of Agder
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/KHTP8020			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2553
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	Author	Tasneem, F.; Chakraborty, S.; Chy, A.N.
	Title	An Early Synthesis of Deep Neural Networks to Identify Multimodal Informative Disaster Tweets			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	428-438
	Keywords	Early Fusion; Crisis Tweets; BERT-LSTM; ResNet50; Multimodal Framework
	Abstract	Twitter is always worthwhile in facilitating communication during disasters. It helps in raising situational awareness and undertaking disaster control actions as quickly as possible to alleviate the miseries. But the noisy essence of Twitter causes difficulty in distinguishing relevant information from the heterogeneous contents. Therefore, extracting informative tweets is a substantial task to help in crisis intervention. Analyzing only the text or image content of the tweet often misses necessary insights which might be helpful during disasters. In this paper, we propose a multimodal framework to address the challenges of identifying informative crisis-related tweets containing both texts and images. Our presented approach incorporates an early fusion strategy of BERT-LSTM and ResNet50 networks which effectively learns from the joint representation of texts and images. The experiments and evaluation on the benchmark CrisisMMD dataset show that our fusion method surpasses the baseline by 7% and substantiates its potency over the unimodal systems.
	Address	University of Chittagong; University of Chittagong; University of Chittagong
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/OMIR7766			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2537
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	Author	Thomas Papadimos; Nick Pantelidis; Stelios Andreadis; Aristeidis Bozas; Ilias Gialampoukidis; Stefanos Vrochidis; Ioannis Kompatsiaris
	Title	Real-time Alert Framework for Fire Incidents Using Multimodal Event Detection on Social Media Streams			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	623-635
	Keywords	Alert framework; social media; event detection; kernel density estimation; community detection
	Abstract	The frequency of wildfires is growing day by day due to vastly climate changes. Forest fires can have a severe impact on human lives and the environment, which can be minimised if the population has early and accurate warning mechanisms. To date, social media are able to contribute to early warning with the additional, crowd-sourced information they can provide to the emergency response workers during a crisis event. Nevertheless, the detection of real-world fire incidents using social media data, while filtering out the unavoidable noise, remains a challenging task. In this paper, we present an alert framework for the real-time detection of fire events and we propose a novel multimodal event detection model, which fuses both probabilistic and graph methodologies and is evaluated on the largest fires in Spain during 2019.
	Address	Centre for Research & Technology Hellas Information Technologies Institute Thessaloniki, Greece;Centre for Research & Technology Hellas Information Technologies Institute Thessaloniki, Greece;Centre for Research & Technology Hellas Information Technologie
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2443
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	Author	Eulalia Gomez Martin; Josune Hernantes; Leire Labaka; Marcos Borges
	Title	Building upon the Existing Knowledge: Updating and Improving the Smart Mature Resilience Model			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	437-459
	Keywords	Resilience dimensions; bibliometric analysis; urban resilience; framework
	Abstract	In recent years the concept of urban resilience has acquired great relevance within urban planning. The complexity of urban systems and the wide scope of the resilience concept require tools to facilitate the integration of the concept in urban development. Numerous studies, tools, and theoretical frameworks have been developed to support the resilient transformation of cities. However, these initiatives are usually not holistically integrated and limit incorporating the changes and advances in the resilience concept. This article highlights the importance of shifting from a continuously-building-new approach to building on an existing knowledge approach. This study has updated and improved the maturity model developed within the Horizon 2020 project Smart Mature Resilience. A bibliometric analysis was carried out to study the developments in resilience over the past four years and to integrate the relevant advances in the area into a new version of the Smart Mature Resilience Maturity Model (SMR MM).
	Address	University of Navarra; University of Navarra; University of Navarra; University of Navarra
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2431
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	Author	Stella Polikarpus; Tobias Ley; Katrin Poom-Valickis
	Title	Collaborative Authoring of Virtual Simulation Scenarios for Assessing Situational Awareness			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	229-237
	Keywords	situational awareness (SA), virtual simulation, virtual simulation scenario, process model, Effective Command Behavioral Marker Framework
	Abstract	Situational awareness (SA), the ability to perceive, comprehend and predict situation around you and it is a key in attending any incident as critical foundation for successful decision-making. Because incidents are solitary events, development and assessment of SA presents a significant challenge. In this article we analyze the authoring process of twenty-two scenarios implemented in the XVR on-scene virtual simulation software used to assess rescue incident commanders' (ICs) SA. To allow the scenarios to be used by different assessors, the Collaborative Authoring Process Model for Virtual Simulation Scenarios (CAPM) was developed. In Estonia, 473 assessments were recorded in Effective Command database and analysed by all three levels of SA as recommended by Endsley (2000). Introduction of CAPM resulted in scenarios being re-used by different assessors for authentic SA measuring. In the last sections of this article, we introduce our suggestions to improve virtual scenario design and SA research.
	Address	Tallinn University; Tallinn University; Tallinn University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Command & Control Studies	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	stella.polikarpus@gmail.com			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2328
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	Author	Antonio De Nicola; Maria Luisa Villani; Francesco Costantino; Andrea Falegnami; Riccardo Patriarca
	Title	Knowledge Fusion for Distributed Situational Awareness driven by the WAx Conceptual Framework			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	79-85
	Keywords	distributed situational awareness, knowledge fusion, WAx framework, crisis management, cyber-socio-technical systems
	Abstract	Large crisis scenarios involve several actors, acting at the blunt-end of the process, such as rescue team directors, and at the sharp-end, such as firefighters. All of them have different perspectives on the crisis situation, which could be either coherent, alternative or complementary. This heterogeneity of perceptions hinders situational awareness, which is defined as the achievement of an overall picture on the above-mentioned crisis situation. We define knowledge fusion as the process of integrating multiple knowledge entities to produce actionable knowledge, which is consistent, accurate, and useful for the purpose of the analysis. Hence, we present a conceptual modelling approach to gather and integrate knowledge related to large crisis scenarios from locally-distributed sources that can make it actionable. The approach builds on the WAx framework for cyber-socio-technical systems and aims at classifying and coping with the different knowledge entities generated by the involved operators. The conceptual outcomes of the approach are then discussed in terms of open research challenges for knowledge fusion in crisis scenarios.
	Address	ENEA; ENEA – CR Casaccia; Sapienza University of Rome; Sapienza University of Rome; Sapienza University of Rome
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	AI and Intelligent Systems for Crises and Risks	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	antonio.denicola@enea.it			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2315
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	Author	Frederick Benaben; Lysiane Benaben
	Title	Science Fiction: Past and Future Trends of Crisis Management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1130-1139
	Keywords	Information; Decision; Action; Future; Trends; Anticipation; Framework
	Abstract	This paper is a position paper, presenting an original but very anticipative and mainly imaginative vision of the evolution of the crisis management domain. After analyzing the options to make the past evolutions of that domain somehow explainable (mainly by analyzing the data of all the articles of the last fifteen editions of the ISCRAM conference), the paper aims at providing a framework to assess and evaluate the maturity of the domain of crisis management. Moreover, this framework is also used to tentatively infer some future evolutions and some directions that could be relevant, dangerous, tricky or of great benefit for the crisis management domain. These future trends are mainly based on the current maturity of crisis management (according to the proposed framework) and current or future influential practices, technologies or threats. It will be necessary to wait for fifteen years to see if these bets should be considered as accurate.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi; IMT Mines Albi
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-102	ISBN	2411-3488	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	frederick.benaben@mines-albi.fr			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2303
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	Author	Matti Wiegmann; Jens Kersten; Friederike Klan; Martin Potthast; Benno Stein
	Title	Analysis of Detection Models for Disaster-Related Tweets			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	872-880
	Keywords	Tweet Filtering; Crisis Management; Evaluation Framework
	Abstract	Social media is perceived as a rich resource for disaster management and relief efforts, but the high class imbalance between disaster-related and non-disaster-related messages challenges a reliable detection. We analyze and compare the effectiveness of three state-of-the-art machine learning models for detecting disaster-related tweets. In this regard we introduce the Disaster Tweet Corpus~2020, an extended compilation of existing resources, which comprises a total of 123,166 tweets from 46~disasters covering 9~disaster types. Our findings from a large experiments series include: detection models work equally well over a broad range of disaster types when being trained for the respective type, a domain transfer across disaster types leads to unacceptable performance drops, or, similarly, type-agnostic classification models behave more robust at a lower effectiveness level. Altogether, the average misclassification rate of~3,8\% on performance-optimized detection models indicates effective classification knowledge but comes at the price of insufficient generalizability.
	Address	Bauhaus-Universit\“at Weimar German Aerospace Center (DLR); German Aerospace Center (DLR); German Aerospace Center (DLR); Leipzig University; Bauhaus-Universit\”at Weimar
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-77	ISBN	2411-3463	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Disaster Response and Resilie	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	matti.wiegmann@uni-weimar.de			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2278
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	Author	Briony Gray
	Title	Turning Words into Wisdom: A Framework for Using Post-Disaster Data for Community Resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	356-365
	Keywords	Resilience, Recovery, Framework, Small Island Developing States, Social Capital.
	Abstract	Small island developing states (SIDs) face a range of underlying issues that increase their vulnerability and risk to disaster. This commonly results in a lack of available, reliable and actionable data for both island nations as well as their insular communities. Simultaneously, issues such as climate change make their riskscapes unique and challenging to mitigate, forcing the need to find methods of improving community resiliency. This paper uses qualitative interviews conducted in the post-disaster phase of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season to highlight the main issues experienced by communities. It then uses these, as well as literature guidance, to create a Lessons Learnt Framework (LLF) designed to challenge underlying assumptions, assess management efforts, discuss and record community experiences, and to feedback social capital into vulnerable communities to support future community resilience.
	Address	University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-34	ISBN	2411-3420	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2235
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	Author	Briony Gray; Mark J. Weal; David Martin
	Title	Social Media during a Sustained Period of Crisis: The Case of the UK Storms			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	633-644
	Keywords	Social media; disaster management; conceptual framework; emergency coordination; information overload
	Abstract	This paper analyses the social media communications surrounding the 2015 – 2016 series of winter storms in the UK. Three storms were selected for analysis over a sustained period of time; these were storms Desmond, Eva and Frank which made landfall within quick succession of one another. In this case study we examine communications relating to multiple hazards which include flooding, evacuation and weather warnings using mainstream media content such as news stories, and online content such as Twitter data. Using a mixed method approach of content analysis combined with the application of a conceptual framework, we present (i.) the network of emergency responders managing events, (ii.) an analysis of crisis communications over time, and (iii.) highlight the barriers posed to effective social media communications during multi-hazard disasters. We conclude by assessing how these barriers may be lessened during prolonged periods of crisis.
	Address	University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2051
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	Author	Juliana B. S. França; Angélica F. S. Dias; Frâncila Weidt Neiva; Marcos R. S. Borges
	Title	Towards Projected Impacts on Emergency Domains Through a Conceptual Framework			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	322-327
	Keywords	Projected Impacts; Emergency; Complex decisions; Conceptual Framework; Method
	Abstract	In emergency domain, experts must make decisions both usual and unusual. These decisions lead to unpredictable impacts, causing the need for these experts to deal with impacts mitigation. Unexpected need of impacts mitigation consists in an overload of material resources and expert cognitive capacity. After decision making, impacts mitigation demands valuable expert efforts. To address this problem, this paper proposes a decision impact projection in early stages of emergency management, during planning stage. In this way, this paper proposes the method called General Conceptual Framework (GCF) and the Framework of Projected Impact on Emergency Domain (PIED). Through the proposed method, PIED Framework was developed, contributing for the characterization of impact projection in emergency environments.
	Address	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk analysis	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2021
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	Author	Steve Peterson; Keri Stephens; Hemant Purohit; Amanda Hughes
	Title	When Official Systems Overload: A Framework for Finding Social Media Calls for Help during Evacuations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disasters, social media, hurricanes, data, framework, public safety
	Abstract	During large-scale disasters it is not uncommon for Public Safety Answering Points (e.g., 9-1-1) to encounter service disruptions or become overloaded due to call volume. As observed in the two past United States hurricane seasons, citizens are increasingly turning to social media whether as a consequence of their inability to reach 9-1-1, or as a preferential means of communications. Relying on past research that has examined social media use in disasters, combined with the practical knowledge of the first-hand disaster response experiences, this paper develops a knowledge-driven framework containing parameters useful in identifying patterns of shared information on social media when citizens need help. This effort explores the feasibility of determining differences, similarities, common themes, and time-specific discoveries of social media calls for help associated with hurricane evacuations. At a future date, validation of this framework will be demonstrated using datasets from multiple disasters. The results will lead to recommendations on how the framework can be modified to make it applicable as a generic disaster-type characterization tool.
	Address	National Institutes of Health, United States of America;The University of Texas at Austin;George Mason University;Brigham Young University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1928
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	Author	Ahmed Abdeltawab Abdelgawad; Tina Comes
	Title	Evaluation Framework for the iTRACK Integrated System			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Evaluation Framework, Software Testing, Software Usability, Software Usefulness, Humanitarian Disaster
	Abstract	Evaluation and testing are major steps in the development of any information system, particularly if it is to be used in high-risk contexts such as conflicts. While thus far there are various approaches for testing against technology requirements; usability or usefulness, there is a lack of a comprehensive evaluation framework that combines the three elements. The lack of such a framework and commonly agreed standards constitutes a barrier for innovation, and at the same time imposes risks to responders if the technology is introduced without proper testing. This paper aims to close this gap. Based on a reviewing of evaluation methods and measurement metrics, we design a comprehensive evaluation framework including common code quality testing metrics, usability testing methods, subjective usefulness questionnaires, and performance indicators. We demonstrate our approach by using the example of an integrated system for the safety and security of humanitarian missions, and we highlight how our approach allows measuring the system?s quality and usefulness.
	Address	Centre for Integrated Emergency Management (CIEM), University of Agder, Norway
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T12- Tool Talks	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1869
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	Author	Briony Gray; Mark Weal; David Martin
	Title	Supporting Situational Awareness during Disasters: The Case of Hurricane Irma			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	123-131
	Keywords	Situational Awareness, Hurricane Irma, Conceptual Framework, Disaster Management, Social Media
	Abstract	In a rapidly globalizing world, disasters and the way in which they are managed are changing. Social media, in conjunction with other online resources, now provide a wealth of information throughout the lifecycle of disasters and are relied upon by individuals and emergency responders alike. The study of such data as a lens for analysis has proved valuable in recent years, with many contributing to targeted emergency response protocols and improved methods for the management strategies of future crises. This study seeks to make a similar contribution by reporting on the use of such data for situational awareness during the case of hurricane Irma, which occurred between September and August 2017. Using a mixed methods approach the paper examines data from social media such as Twitter, as well as other online sources such as blogs and news media, to provide original insight into the disaster. A conceptual framework is then applied to determine the uses and users of social media, and to identify how these change throughout the course of the disaster, thus demonstrating situational awareness over time. The paper concludes with proposed improvements for disaster management and emergency response for future similar disasters, specifically in the hurricane season, in addition to more generalized hazards which are predicted to increase in their frequency and severity due to underlying issues such as climate change.
	Address	University of Southampton; University of Southampton; University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-473-45447-0	Medium
	Track	Data Issues for Situation/Disaster Awareness	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience - 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific
	Notes	bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1664
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	Author	Briony Jennifer Gray
	Title	Social Media and Disasters: A New Conceptual Framework			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	ISCRAM 2016 Conference Proceedings ? 13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2016
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Social Media; Conceptual Framework; Disaster Management; Web Accessibility; Information Reliability
	Abstract	Conceptual frameworks which seek to integrate social media uses into disaster management strategies are employed in a range of events. With continued variations to social media practices, developments in technology, and changes in online behaviors, it is imperative to provide conceptual frameworks which are relevant, current and insightful. This paper conceptualizes a range of recent literature through an inductive methodology, and presents the themes of Web accessibility and online information reliability as broad and emerging considerations for the identification of social media uses during disasters. It presents a new conceptual framework of current social media uses which may be used to supplement existing frameworks. The framework has been applied to a dataset of Tweets from the 2015 Nepal earthquake to demonstrate its validity. Suggestions for future applications are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	Place of Publication	Rio de Janeiro, Brasil	Editor	A. Tapia; P. Antunes; V.A. Bañuls; K. Moore; J. Porto
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3388	ISBN	978-84-608-7984-9	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	13th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1400
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	Author	Tina Comes; Brice Mayag; Elsa Negre
	Title	Beyond Early: Decision Support for Improved Typhoon Warning Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2015
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Decision Support; Disaster Response; Early warning systems; indicator framework; Typhoon Haiyan; vulnerability assessment
	Abstract	Warnings can help prevent damage and harm if they are issued timely and provide information that help responders and population to adequately prepare for the disaster to come. Today, there are many indicator and sensor systems that are designed to reduce disaster risks, or issue early warnings. In this paper we analyze the different systems in the light of the initial decisions that need to be made in the response to sudden onset disasters. We outline challenges of current practices and methods, and provide an agenda for future research. To illustrate our approach, we present a case study of Typhoon Haiyan. Although meteorological services had issued warnings; relief goods were prepositioned; and responders predeployed, the delivery of aid was delayed in some of the worst hit regions. We argue for an integrated consideration of preparedness and response to provide adequate thresholds for early warning systems that focus on decision-makers needs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Agder (UiA)	Place of Publication	Kristiansand, Norway	Editor	L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9788271177881	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number				Serial	1279
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	Author	Janine S. Hiller; Roberta S. Russell
	Title	Modalities for Cyber Security and Privacy Resilience: The NIST Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2015
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Cybersecurity; framework; NIST; Privacy; resilience; risk
	Abstract	Cybersecurity was a major topic of discussion at the 2015 World Economic Forum in Davos – the Sony attack; huge data breaches at Target and Adobe; a 91% increase in targeted cyber-attacks; annual losses of over $400 billion; the exposure of 904 million personal data records; cyber-attacks on a Finnish bank, a South Korean credit bureau, a German factory?s industrial controls, and the Ukrainian government; as well as increased general anxiety over critical infrastructure exposure (Tobias 2014; WEC 2015). These incidents highlight the risks inherent in a world increasingly complex, interconnected, and cyber-based. Much like thinking in other fields of disaster and crisis management, creating an impenetrable boundary or eliminating cyber risk entirely has given way to building cyber resilience. Cyber resilience is a social, economic and national security issue. This paper examines one approach, the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, in terms of building resilience in both cybersecurity and privacy.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Agder (UiA)	Place of Publication	Kristiansand, Norway	Editor	L. Palen; M. Buscher; T. Comes; A. Hughes
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9788271177881	Medium
	Track	Ethical, Legal and Social Issues	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2015 Conference Proceedings ? 12th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1203
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	Author	Christopher W. Zobel
	Title	Representing the multi-dimensional nature of disaster resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	8th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: From Early-Warning Systems to Preparedness and Training, ISCRAM 2011	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2011
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Decision making; Flow visualization; Information systems; Community resiliences; Disaster resiliences; Disaster situations; Operations management; Organizational system; Quantitative frameworks; Social systems; Technical dimensions; Disasters
	Abstract	Although quantitative analytical information systems are an important resource for supporting decision-making in disaster operations management, not all aspects of a disaster situation can be easily quantified. For example, although the concept of the disaster resilience of a community has a technical dimension within which one can measure the resistance of the infrastructure against, and the speed of its recovery from, a disaster event, it also has social, organizational, and economic dimensions within which these characteristics may be more difficult to measure. This work-in-progress paper introduces a quantitative framework within which the multi-dimensional nature of such disaster resilience can be represented in a concise manner. This can help to improve understanding of the complexities associated with the concept, and thus directly support decision-making in disaster operations planning and management.
	Address	Virginia Tech, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Lisbon	Editor	M.A. Santos, L. Sousa, E. Portela
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789724922478	Medium
	Track	Analytical Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	8th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1165
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	Author	Hans Zimmermann
	Title	Recent developments in emergency telecommunications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	327-334
	Keywords	Disasters; Information systems; Telecommunication; Analysis and evaluation; Early warning; Emergency; Emergency preparedness and response; Mitigation; Regulatory frameworks; Response; Telecommunication technologies; Emergency services
	Abstract	Recent Developments in the telecommunication technology offer a number of additional tools not only for the providers of emergency and disaster response, but may also facilitate early warning. Their application depends, however, on the regulatory framework governing telecommunications and on their appropriateness for the specific requirements in the pre-, peri- and postimpact phases of an event. Telecommunications are a key element for to the success of emergency preparedness and response, and the application of all available technologies and networks saves lives. The recent events in the Indian Ocean Region will have to be the subject of detailed analysis and evaluation of all existing mechanisms, hopefully leading to improvements in the organizational and operational field. First information available already in the immediate aftermath of the events of 26 December 2004 has been applied to the considerations in the present paper.
	Address	CEASA, IARU, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	EMERGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT AND WARNING SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1163
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	Author	Simone Wurster; Ulrich Meissen
	Title	Towards an economic assessment approach for early warning systems: Improving cost-avoidance calculations with regard to private households			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ISCRAM 2014 Conference Proceedings – 11th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2014
	Volume		Issue		Pages	439-443
	Keywords	Disasters; Investments; Early Warning System; Early warning systems; Economic assessments; Investment decisions; Quantitative assessments; Quantitative models; Theoretical framework; Warning technologies; Information systems
	Abstract	In recent years, Early Warning Systems (EWS) have proven their value by saving many lives. However, most in-vestments into EWS were motivated directly by experienced disaster events and rarely pro-actively by possible up-coming threats. In order to change that we think that besides ethical and humanitarian reasons also the positive economic effects should be analyzed. EWS also help to protect property, but their contribution is not as obvious in that field due to the lack of quantitative models. This paper presents a disaster-independent formula that shows the benefits of EWS. Additional value to existing approaches is based on its advanced focus on behavioral aspects and the benefits of EWS in comparison to warnings issued via social media. We consider this work as an important contribution for future investments into warning technologies. However, yet this model just provides a theoretical framework for necessary empirical studies that are subject of further research.
	Address	TU Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer FOKUS, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	The Pennsylvania State University	Place of Publication	University Park, PA	Editor	S.R. Hiltz, M.S. Pfaff, L. Plotnick, and P.C. Shih.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780692211946	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	11th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1107
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	Author	Gerhard Wickler; Austin Tate; Stephen Potter
	Title	Integrating discrete event and process-level simulation for flexible training in the I-X framework			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	355-359
	Keywords	Discrete event simulation; Information systems; Personnel training; Activity modeling; Agent Framework; Discrete-event simulators; Emergency response; Flexible trainings; Fully integrated; HTN planning; Training scenario; Emergency services
	Abstract	The aim of this paper is to describe I-Sim, a simulation tool that is a fully integrated part of the underlying agent framework, I-X. I-Sim controls a discrete event simulator, based on the same activity model that is shared between all I-X components, and multiple process-level simulators that model the continuous change caused by actions that are considered as primitives by the rest of the system. The primary purpose of this tool is to support instructors during exercises that are used for training in emergency response. The main advantage the I-Sim tool gives the instructors is flexibility, allowing them to orchestrate and modify existing training scenarios on the fly, adapting them to trainees' needs as required.
	Address	AIAI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1086
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	Author	Gerhard Wickler; Stephen Potter
	Title	Standard Operating Procedures: Collaborative development and distributed use			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	ISCRAM 2010 – 7th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Defining Crisis Management 3.0, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2010
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Information systems; Open source software; Agent Framework; Artificial intelligence planning; Collaborative development; Distributed development; Open-source; Standard operating procedures; Virtual collaboration; Wiki extensions; Standardization
	Abstract	This paper describes a system that supports the distributed development and deployment of Standard Operating Procedures. The system is based on popular, open-source wiki software for the SOP development, and the I-X task-centric agent framework for deployment. A preliminary evaluation using an SOP for virtual collaboration is described and shows the potential of the approach.
	Address	AIAI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, SC, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Seattle, WA	Editor	S. French, B. Tomaszewski, C. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems	Expedition		Conference	7th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1085
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	Author	Kim Weyns; Martin Höst
	Title	Dependability of IT systems in municipal emergency management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2009
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Risk assessment; Risk management; Crisis situations; Dependability; Emergency management; Emergency planning; IT management; Municipal emergencies; Process improvement frameworks; Vulnerability analysis; Human resource management
	Abstract	In recent years governmental actors have become more and more dependent on IT systems for their responsibilities in a crisis situation. To avoid unexpected problems with the dependability of IT systems in the aftermath of a crisis it is important that such risks are identified and that measures can be taken to reduce the dependence on systems that could be unreliable. This paper describes two case studies exploring how Swedish municipalities incorporate IT systems in their emergency planning. The study focuses especially on how different actors within a municipality cooperate to analyse the risks of depending on IT systems in critical situations. The study shows that today there is much room for improvement, especially in the communication between IT personnel and emergency managers. Finally, this paper describes the requirements for a process improvement framework that can assist governmental actors in analysing and improving their dependency on IT systems in emergency management.
	Address	Lund University, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Gothenburg	Editor	J. Landgren, S. Jul
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789163347153	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1079
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	Author	Toshihisa Toyoda
	Title	Economic impacts of Kobe Earthquake: A quantitative evaluation after 13 years			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2008 – 5th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2008
	Volume		Issue		Pages	606-617
	Keywords	Civil aviation; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Information systems; Manufacture; Commercial sector; Conceptual frameworks; Disaster management; Economic impacts; Gross regional products; Manufacturing sector; Quantitative evaluation; Services sectors; Economic and social effects
	Abstract	The importance of distinguishing between direct and indirect losses of disasters is stressed. In order to estimate indirect losses, a conceptual framework of direct and indirect losses is presented. For the case of the Great Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake of 1995, direct stock losses of both the manufacturing and the commercial sectors record almost same size of big damage. As for indirect flow losses, the commercial and the other services sectors show far greater damage than the manufacturing sector. A careful statistical analysis of indirect losses using the gross regional product in the stricken area presents a new finding that the lost product and income in terms of estimated indirect losses are quite large and continue to arise for longer than 10 years, mounting to some 14 trillion yen (about US$0.13 trillion). Disaster management policy should be improved by paying attention not only to direct losses but also to indirect losses.
	Address	Hiroshima Shudo University, Japan
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Washington, DC	Editor	F. Fiedrich, B. Van de Walle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780615206974	Medium
	Track	Impact of Disasters on Industry and Economic Effects	Expedition		Conference	5th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1014
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	Author	Martin Smits; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	A framework to evaluate how management games improve knowledge management effectiveness			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2006 – 3rd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2006
	Volume		Issue		Pages	605-614
	Keywords	Industrial management; Information systems; Societies and institutions; KM effectiveness; Knowledge-intensive organizations; Management effectiveness; Management games; Organizational goals; Strategic resource; Sustainable competitive advantages; Theoretical framework; Knowledge management
	Abstract	Knowledge-intensive organizations realize that 'knowledge' is a strategic resource that gives them sustainable competitive advantage and helps them achieve long-term organizational goals. These organizations use knowledge management (KM) to encourage the creation and sharing of knowledge resulting in improvements in productivity, innovation, competitiveness, and relationships among people. This paper investigates what role management games play in knowledge-intensive organizations and how they can be used to improve KM effectiveness. We present a theoretical framework that allows answering the following question: 'How can management games be used to improve the effectiveness of KM in knowledge-intensive organizations'.
	Address	Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Newark, NJ	Editor	B. Van de Walle, M. Turoff
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9090206019; 9789090206011	Medium
	Track	EXPLORING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN CRISIS RESPONSE	Expedition		Conference	3rd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	963
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