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	Author	Björnqvist, A.; Brodin, W.; Friberg, M.; Berggren, P.
	Title	Identifying Teamwork Processes in a Medical Command and Control Team During the COVID-19 Pandemic			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	711-720
	Keywords	Teamwork; COVID-19; Crisis Response; Command and Control; Healthcare
	Abstract	This paper presents an ethnographic study consisting of non-participatory observations of a Swedish regional medical command and control team during their crisis response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The field-notes from the observations were analyzed using a deductive content analysis with categories representing teamwork processes. The content analysis showed that the studied regional medical command and control team was engaged in all but one of the predefined teamwork processes. Furthermore, the content analysis also added to the understanding of the regional medical command and control team’s work procedures by emphasizing how the team was engaged in the different processes. Lastly, the content analysis also made it possible to identify potential developmental needs of the studied regional medical command and control team.
	Address	Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University;
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/NXFA1134			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2559
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	Author	Bjørn Erik Munkvold; Jaziar Radianti; Jan Ketil Rød; Tomasz Opach; Mikael Snaprud; Sofie Pilemalm; Deborah Bunker
	Title	Sharing Incident and Threat Information for Common Situational Understanding			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Common operational picture, situational awareness, collaboration support, geographic information systems, terminology harmonisation
	Abstract	This paper presents the INSITU research project initiated to provide a systematic approach for effective sharing, integration and use of information from different sources, to establish a common operational picture (COP) and shared situational understanding among multiple actors in emergency response. The solution developed will provide an interactive map display, integrating harmonisation of terminology and collaboration support for information sharing and synthesis. The enhanced COP will also support evaluation and learning from exercises and incidents. The project involves close collaboration with emergency management stakeholders in Norway, for requirements analysis, participatory design, and validation of project deliverables. The research will improve information sharing and decision support in emergency operations centres, which will contribute to improve societal resilience through more effective response capability.
	Address	CIEM, University of Agder;Norwegian University of Science and Technology;Tingtun AS;CARER, Linköping University;University of Sydney
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T15- Open Track	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1994
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	Author	Borglund, E., A.M.; Granholm, M.
	Title	Challenges in work procedures in distributed crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	732-737
	Keywords	Crisis Management; Distributed EOC; Tabletop Exercise; Information Technology Use
	Abstract	This is a work in progress paper on work and IT usage in distributed crisis management. The data presented in this paper has been collected at a one-day tabletop exercise with four Swedish municipalities. Four members of the four municipalities’ crisis organizations were invited to the exercise, which was designed as one scenario divided into two cases. At the start of each case of the exercise, each municipality was split into two separate rooms, to simulate a distributed crisis management. During the first case they could communicate using phone, TETRA radio, and the Internet. During case two in the scenario, there was no Internet connection. The study indicates that all the municipalities managed to organize and solve the given tasks using primarily voice communication, in case one using phone or, e.g., Teams, and in case two using TETRA radio. Information sharing using IT was non-existing.
	Address	Mid Sweden University; Mid Sweden University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Command and Control Studies	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/OBOX5959			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2561
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	Author	Borglund, E., A.M.; Hansson, J.
	Title	Active shooter events, a challenge			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1051-1058
	Keywords	Active Shooter Event; Police Tactics; Police Interventions; Lifesaving
	Abstract	An active shooter event is one of the most complicated situations a police officer could face. Today the standard procedure for an active shooter event is to enter the scene and try to prevent casualties. This involves taking great risks and puts the police officers in a situation they have not been trained for. This is a work in progress paper where the long-term goal is to develop modern technology that could increase the chance of saving lives and decrease the risk of being injured or killed during an active shooter event. Six active shooter event exercises taking place in Sweden have been studied using an ethnographic field study approach. Four themes have been identified where we argue that technology could enhance the police mission: A) Situational awareness; B) Decision making/prioritization; C) Localization of both sound and people; D) Decreasing time of intervention.
	Address	Police education Umeå University, Mid Sweden University; Police education Umeå University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/IWSL4613			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2587
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	Author	Boris Petrenj; Mariachiara Piraina; Giada Feletti; Paolo Trucco; Valentina Urbano; Stefano Gelmi
	Title	Cross-border Information Sharing for Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Requirements and Platform Architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	247-259
	Keywords	Critical Infrastructure, Interdependencies, Resilience, Cross-border, Information sharing, IT Platform, GIS
	Abstract	Resilience of Critical Infrastructures is high on the agenda of countries' efforts. Modern CI highly interdependent and span countries, so disruptions occurring on one side of the border can significantly affect economic and social functions on the other. To build CI resilience, stakeholder organizations must collaborate and exchange information throughout the Emergency Management cycle. In this paper, we present the Critical Infrastructure Platform (PIC in Italian) which is being developed within the SICt project (Resilience of Cross-Border Critical Infrastructure). PIC is a technological piece of a broader cross-border regional resilience strategy between Lombardy Region (Italy) and Canton Ticino (Switzerland) aiming to improve the capacity to manage accidental events involving transportation CI between the two countries. The main goal of the PIC platform is to support secure and effective information-sharing, inter-organizational risk assessment, monitoring and operational coordination under critical situations. The paper presents the key requirements of such ICT system, its high-level architecture including the description of its main modules, main takeaways and future steps.
	Address	Politecnico di Milano; Politecnico di Milano; Politecnico di Milano; Politecnico di Milano; Aria S.p.A., Lombardy Region; Aria S.p.A., Lombardy Region
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Cross-Border & Transboundary Resilience	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	boris.petrenj@polimi.it			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2330
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	Author	Boris Petrenj; Paolo Trucco
	Title	Blockchain-based Solutions to support inter-organisational Critical Infrastructure Resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	982-993
	Keywords	Critical Infrastructure, Blockchain, Research agenda, Resilience, Capability, Inter-organizational
	Abstract	This conceptual paper critically discusses opportunities for and challenges to the development and exploitation of blockchain-based solutions for resilience management at inter-organizational level of interdependent Critical Infrastructure (CI) systems. The main premise behind this idea is that trustful information-sharing and inter-institutional collaboration are the key elements of government and private sector efforts to build CI resilience (CIR). The discussion presents a vision that the adoption and adaptation of Blockchain Technology (BCT) could significantly improve the way a network of stakeholders prepares for and performs in face of inevitable CI disruptions. Even though BCT is regarded as technological innovation, the impacts go far beyond information systems. BCT application in this domain would entail significant benefits to organizational, managerial, legal and social issues, but would require adequate operational and organizational changes. We discuss how interdisciplinary approach (BCT and CIR) could address existing challenges, how it could introduce new challenges and how it could support other approaches and paradigms currently being regarded as the future of risk and resilience management. Even though the discussion in this paper is focused on Critical Infrastructure resilience, each point also applies to Crisis/Disaster management domain in general. This is a preliminary overview with the aim to stimulate further discussions and point to possible new, disruptive and interdisciplinary research avenues. To this end, a possible research agenda is eventually proposed.
	Address	Politecnico di Milano; Politecnico di Milano
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	boris.petrenj@polimi.it			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2390
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	Author	Briony Gray
	Title	Turning Words into Wisdom: A Framework for Using Post-Disaster Data for Community Resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	356-365
	Keywords	Resilience, Recovery, Framework, Small Island Developing States, Social Capital.
	Abstract	Small island developing states (SIDs) face a range of underlying issues that increase their vulnerability and risk to disaster. This commonly results in a lack of available, reliable and actionable data for both island nations as well as their insular communities. Simultaneously, issues such as climate change make their riskscapes unique and challenging to mitigate, forcing the need to find methods of improving community resiliency. This paper uses qualitative interviews conducted in the post-disaster phase of the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season to highlight the main issues experienced by communities. It then uses these, as well as literature guidance, to create a Lessons Learnt Framework (LLF) designed to challenge underlying assumptions, assess management efforts, discuss and record community experiences, and to feedback social capital into vulnerable communities to support future community resilience.
	Address	University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-34	ISBN	2411-3420	Medium
	Track	Data and Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2235
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	Author	Briony Gray; Mark J. Weal; David Martin
	Title	Social Media during a Sustained Period of Crisis: The Case of the UK Storms			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	633-644
	Keywords	Social media; disaster management; conceptual framework; emergency coordination; information overload
	Abstract	This paper analyses the social media communications surrounding the 2015 – 2016 series of winter storms in the UK. Three storms were selected for analysis over a sustained period of time; these were storms Desmond, Eva and Frank which made landfall within quick succession of one another. In this case study we examine communications relating to multiple hazards which include flooding, evacuation and weather warnings using mainstream media content such as news stories, and online content such as Twitter data. Using a mixed method approach of content analysis combined with the application of a conceptual framework, we present (i.) the network of emergency responders managing events, (ii.) an analysis of crisis communications over time, and (iii.) highlight the barriers posed to effective social media communications during multi-hazard disasters. We conclude by assessing how these barriers may be lessened during prolonged periods of crisis.
	Address	University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2051
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	Author	Briony Gray; Mark Weal; David Martin
	Title	Supporting Situational Awareness during Disasters: The Case of Hurricane Irma			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	123-131
	Keywords	Situational Awareness, Hurricane Irma, Conceptual Framework, Disaster Management, Social Media
	Abstract	In a rapidly globalizing world, disasters and the way in which they are managed are changing. Social media, in conjunction with other online resources, now provide a wealth of information throughout the lifecycle of disasters and are relied upon by individuals and emergency responders alike. The study of such data as a lens for analysis has proved valuable in recent years, with many contributing to targeted emergency response protocols and improved methods for the management strategies of future crises. This study seeks to make a similar contribution by reporting on the use of such data for situational awareness during the case of hurricane Irma, which occurred between September and August 2017. Using a mixed methods approach the paper examines data from social media such as Twitter, as well as other online sources such as blogs and news media, to provide original insight into the disaster. A conceptual framework is then applied to determine the uses and users of social media, and to identify how these change throughout the course of the disaster, thus demonstrating situational awareness over time. The paper concludes with proposed improvements for disaster management and emergency response for future similar disasters, specifically in the hurricane season, in addition to more generalized hazards which are predicted to increase in their frequency and severity due to underlying issues such as climate change.
	Address	University of Southampton; University of Southampton; University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-473-45447-0	Medium
	Track	Data Issues for Situation/Disaster Awareness	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience - 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific
	Notes	bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1664
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	Author	Briony Gray; Mark Weal; David Martin
	Title	Building Resilience in Small Island Developing States: Social Media during the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	469-479
	Keywords	Social Media, Hurricanes, Resiliency, Community Engagement, SIDS
	Abstract	There are growing concerns that future Atlantic hurricane seasons will be severe and unpredictable due to underlying factors such as climate change. The 2017 season may offer a range of lessons, especially to small island developing states (SIDS), who are looking to build community resilience and heighten community engagement to cope with disaster. While many SIDS utilise a range of media and technology for these purposes, there has been a recent uptake in the use of social media, which may have further potential to support their goals. This paper scopes the use and users of social media in the case of Antigua and Barbuda during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. Through a series of qualitative interviews it explains the role that social media currently has, and concludes with suggestions for its improvement in future seasons that are contextualized over the disaster lifecycle phases.
	Address	University of Southampton; University of Southampton; University of Southampton
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-473-45447-0	Medium
	Track	Social Media and Community Engagement Supporting Resilience Building	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience - 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific
	Notes	bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1688
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	Author	Briony Gray; Matthew Colling
	Title	Supporting Emergency Health Services during a Pandemic: Lessons from the Canadian Red Cross			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	320-332
	Keywords	Pandemic, Health, Emergency Management, The Red Cross, COVID-19
	Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic has tested Canada's readiness capacity as emergency health needs continue to exceed some communities' capacity to respond. To address this variance, the Canadian Red Cross (in collaboration with local, provincial, territorial, national, and Indigenous partners) have leveraged international experience in humanitarian response and preparedness, developing innovative new response services, delivery modalities, and protocol through which to mitigate and manage risk. This approach breaks down emergency management into two main streams – health interventions and disaster management – to innovatively and effectively cope with increasingly complex and frequent requests for support. Using internal data from within the Canadian Red Cross, this paper presents and discusses the services, roles and expectations of this two-stream approach which has been designed to (i.) support COVID-19 testing and vaccination, (ii.) support outbreak crisis management, especially through epidemic, prevention, and control interventions, and (iii.) support traditional emergency management responses in the midst of a pandemic. It concludes by reporting on the successes of the two-stream approach to date while scoping further the potential evolutionary track of some of these services, their underpinning methodology, and appetite for recovery operations in the near future. This approach may therefore be of value to other organizations or practitioners coping with emergency management challenges during a pandemic.
	Address	The Canadian Red Cross; The Canadian Red Cross
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Disaster Public Health & Healthcare Informatics in the Pandemic	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	bjg1g11@soton.ac.uk			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2336
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	Author	Briony Gray; Matthew Colling
	Title	Understanding Interoperability in Humanitarian Aid Organizations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	439-447
	Keywords	Interoperability, Humanitarian Aid Organizations, Crisis Management, The Red Cross
	Abstract	Quality and timely knowledge is critical to effective humanitarian operations during crises. Despite this, there remain limitations to its capture, exchange and understanding both in the inter and intra agency settings. To improve this, methods like interoperability should be improved within humanitarian aid organizations and their wider networks. Learning from the experiences and insights of domestic and international delegates of the Canadian Red Cross, this paper highlights that the biggest added values of interoperability to the intra-agency setting are (i.) increasing organizational capacity, expertise and reputation, (ii.) better tools, processes and leveraging valuable knowledge, and (iii.) improved engagement of volunteers, employees and delegates. The most prevalent barriers are (i.) workplace culture, (ii.) differences in operations, context and communications and (iii.) the socio-technical barriers of systems, processes and integration. The paper concludes by presenting lessons for humanitarian organizations to improve interoperability, supporting resilient responses for future crisis management.
	Address	The Canadian Red Cross; The Canadian Red Cross
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Enhancing Resilient Response in Inter-organizational Contexts	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Briony.Gray@redcross.ca			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2345
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	Author	Bruna Diirr; Vânia de Oliveira Neves; Marcus Vinícius Vasconcelos de Almeida Cunha; Ana Beatriz Kapps dos Reis; Jairo Francisco de Souza
	Title	Software Requirements for Disaster Management Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2021	Publication	ISCRAM 2021 Conference Proceedings – 18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2021
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1042-1054
	Keywords	Software Requirements, Systematic Literature Mapping, Repository Mining, Disaster Management Systems
	Abstract	Disasters are a major global problem and a serious threat to sustainable development. In this context, the development of disaster management systems becomes a complex activity, both due to the unpredictability of the events to be treated and the difficulty in extracting or identifying these systems users' needs (requirements). This study aims to understand the requirements usually elicited for disaster management systems and how such requirements are identified. Thus, a systematic mapping of literature (SM) and an open-source repository mining (RM) were performed. Results bring benefits both to academics and practitioners, as detail several characteristics of disaster management systems that could assist these systems development and decision-making, besides providing inputs to guide further research.
	Address	Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; Federal University of Juiz de Fora
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Anouck Adrot; Rob Grace; Kathleen Moore; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-61-5	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Other	Expedition		Conference	18th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	bruna.diirr@uniriotec.br			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2395
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	Author	Cámbara, G.; Grivolla, J.; Farrús, M.; Wanner, L.
	Title	Automatic Speech Translation for Multinational First Responder Teams			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	188-196
	Keywords	Automatic Speech Translation; First Responders; Disaster Management
	Abstract	Big disasters as increasingly observed all over the world, often require the involvement of a large number of personnel, in particular personnel acting in the field, i.e., First Responders. By far not always local teams are sufficient. As a consequence, in particular in Europe, teams from different member states are dispatched to support the local teams. However, this bears a potential of miscommunication since it cannot be taken for granted that English is mastered to a sufficient degree by everybody to serve as lingua franca. In this paper, we present work in progress carried out in the context of the INGENIOUS project on an automatic speech translation module that facilitates the interaction between First Responders speaking different languages. The module is embedded into the Telegram Messenger Application and consists of three main modules: Automatic Speech Recognition, Machine Translation, and Text-to-Speech, which are applied in sequence. We opt for a pipeline solution instead of end-to-end speech translation in order to guarantee the availability of the original speech transcriptions and their translations.
	Address	Pompeu Fabra University; University of Barcelona; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) and NLP Group, Pompeu Fabra University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Technologies for First Responders	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/RPZH2519			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2517
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	Author	Camelia Bellepeau; Hugo Bergere; Corentin Thevenet; Frédérick Bénaben; Nafe Moradkhani; Thibaut Cerabona
	Title	Use of Physics of Decision to Assess how COVID-19 Impacted Air Pollution			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	887-894
	Keywords	risk; opportunity; physics of decision; COVID-19; air pollution; performance management; decision support
	Abstract	This article focuses on the question of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on air pollution. The chosen approach is based on the principle of “Physics of Decision” (POD), which considers: (i) the performance of a system as a physical trajectory within the framework of its performance indicators, (ii) risks or opportunities (potentialities) as forces that may deviate that trajectory, and (iii) benefits or damages (actualities) as concrete deviations of the performance trajectory. The daily data about the air pollution in Paris area (France) has been gathered for eight years (2014-2021) and three main performance indicators have been chosen. Then, the performance trajectory of each year has been plotted and the expected trajectories of 2020 and 2021 have been guessed from the previous ones. The deviation between the expected and actual trajectories of 2020 and 2021 have been assessed, and using physics and motion laws, evaluated as a deviation force.
	Address	IMT Mines Albi
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Visions for Future Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2463
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	Author	Carlo Alberto Bono; Barbara Pernici; Jose Luis Fernandez-Marquez; Amudha Ravi Shankar; Mehmet Oguz Mülâyim; Edoardo Nemni
	Title	TriggerCit: Early Flood Alerting using Twitter and Geolocation – A Comparison with Alternative Sources			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	674-686
	Keywords	Social Media; Disaster management; Early Alerting
	Abstract	Rapid impact assessment in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster is essential to provide adequate information to international organisations, local authorities, and first responders. Social media can support emergency response with evidence-based content posted by citizens and organisations during ongoing events. In the paper, we propose TriggerCit: an early flood alerting tool with a multilanguage approach focused on timeliness and geolocation. The paper focuses on assessing the reliability of the approach as a triggering system, comparing it with alternative sources for alerts, and evaluating the quality and amount of complementary information gathered. Geolocated visual evidence extracted from Twitter by TriggerCit was analysed in two case studies on floods in Thailand and Nepal in 2021. The system respectively returned a large scale and a local scale alert, both in a timely manner and accompanied by a valid geographical description, while providing information complementary to existing disaster alert mechanisms.
	Address	Politecnico di Milano- DEIB;Politecnico di Milano- DEIB;University of Geneva;University of Geneva;Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA-CSIC); United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT), United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Social Media for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2447
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	Author	Carole Adam; Cédric Lauradoux
	Title	A Serious Game for Debating about the Use of Artificial Intelligence during the COVID-19 Pandemic			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	554-563
	Keywords	Serious game; Artificial Intelligence; COVID-19; education
	Abstract	Crises always impose a difficult compromise between safety and liberty, and the COVID-19 pandemic is no different. Governments have enforced various sanitary restrictions to reduce virus spread. With the help of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the scale of surveillance has risen to unprecedented levels. However, these technologies entail many risks, from potential errors or biases, to their extended enforcement beyond the duration of the initial crisis. Citizens should be aware that these technologies are not infallible, and measure the consequences of errors, so as to make informed decisions about what they want to accept, and for how long. To this aim, we have designed a serious game in the form of a municipal debate between citizens of a virtual town. Some first test sessions helped us improve the game design, and provided proof of the interest of this game to trigger debates and raise awareness.
	Address	Univ. Grenoble-Alpes – LIG; Univ. Grenoble-Alpes – INRIA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Reimagining Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in a COVID Era	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2439
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	Author	Carole Adam; Eric Andonoff
	Title	Vigi Flood: a serious game for understanding the challenges of crisis communication			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2019
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Flash floods, crisis communication, trust, agent-based modelling and simulation, serious game
	Abstract	Emergency managers receive communication training about the importance of being ?first, right and credible?, which is not easy. For instance, in October 2018, the Aude department in the South-West of France was hit by intense rain. Flash floods were hard to forecast and only the ?orange? level of vigilance could be raised initially, but the population dismissed this very usual warning in that season. The ?red? level was then raised too late, leading to high criticism. The main problem here is the loss of trust induced by too many ?false alarms?. In this paper we propose a serious game called VigiFlood for raising awareness in the population about the difficulty of crisis communication and their own responsibility for reacting to the alerts. The implemented game still has limited functionality but already shows interesting results in helping the user to visualise and understand the trust dynamics
	Address	University Grenoble-Alpes, France;University Toulouse-Capitole, France
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Valencia, Spain	Editor	Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-84-09-10498-7	Medium
	Track	T5- Intelligent and Semantic Web Systems	Expedition		Conference	16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1917
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	Author	Carole Adam; Hélène Arduin
	Title	Finding and Explaining Optimal Screening Strategies with Limited Tests during the COVID-19 Epidemics			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	ISCRAM 2022 Conference Proceedings – 19th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	102-115
	Keywords	Agent-based simulation; screening strategies; epidemics modelling; COVID-19
	Abstract	The COVID-19 epidemics has now lasted for 2 years. A vaccine has been found, but other complementary measures are still required, in particular testing, tracing contacts, isolating infected individuals, and respecting sanitary measures (physical distancing, masks). However these measures are not always well accepted and many fake news circulate about the virus or the vaccine. We believe that explaining the mechanisms behind the epidemics and the reasons for the sanitary measures is key to protect the general population from disinformation. To this end, we have developed a simple agent-based epidemic simulator that includes various screening strategies. We show that it can be used to compare the efficiency of various targeting strategies, starting date, and number of daily tests. We also ran an optimisation algorithm that proves that the best strategies consist in testing widely and early. Our simulator is already available to play online, to raise awareness in the general population.
	Address	Univ. Grenoble-Alpes – LIG; UMR IDEES Rouen – CNRS
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Tarbes, France	Editor	Rob Grace; Hossein Baharmand
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-82-8427-099-9	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2402
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	Author	Carolin Klonner; Melanie Eckle; Tomás Usón; Bernhard Höfle
	Title	Quality Improvement of Remotely Volunteered Geographic Information via Country-Specific Mapping Instructions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2017
	Volume		Issue		Pages	939-947
	Keywords	OpenStreetMap; country-specific mapping instructions; VGI; quality; disaster
	Abstract	Volunteered geographic information can be seen as valuable data for various applications such as within disaster management. OpenStreetMap data, for example, are mainly contributed by remote mappers based on satellite imagery and have increasingly been implemented in response actions to various disasters. Yet, the quality often depends on the local and country-specific knowledge of the mappers, which is required for performing the mapping task. Hence, the question is raised whether there is a possibility to train remote mappers with country-specific mapping instructions in order to improve the quality of OpenStreetMap data. An experiment is conducted with Geography students to evaluate the effect of additional material that is provided in wiki format. Furthermore, a questionnaire is applied to collect participants' socio-demographic information, mapping experience and feedback about the material. This pre-study gives hints for future designs of country-specific mapping instructions as well as the experiment design itself.
	Address	Institute of Geography, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (HAW), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Heidelberg, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Iscram	Place of Publication	Albi, France	Editor	Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN		Medium
	Track	Prevention and Preparation	Expedition		Conference	14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2078
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	Author	Carolyn Huston; Jennifer Davis; Petra Kuhnert; Andrew Bolt
	Title	Creating Trusted Extensions to Existing Software Tools in Bushfire Consequence Estimation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the ISCRAM Asia Pacific Conference 2022	Abbreviated Journal	Proc. ISCRAM AP 2022
	Volume		Issue		Pages	25-34
	Keywords	Wildfires; Trustworthiness; Optimal Decisions; Affordance Analysis; Emulation
	Abstract	Bushfire modelling has advanced with wildfire simulators such as Spark and Phoenix Rapidfire that can generate plausible fire dynamics and simulations that decision-makers can easily explore. With extreme weather impacting the Australian landscapes through the onset of droughts and heatwaves, it is becoming more important to make decisions rapidly from fire simulations. An element of this decision-making process is trust, in which the decision-maker feels empowered to make decisions from models of complex systems like fire. We propose a framework for decision-making that makes use of a fire emulator, a surrogate version of Spark, to facilitate faster exploration of wildfire predictions and their uncertainties under a changing climate. We discuss the advantages and next steps of an emulator model using the mechanisms and conditions framework, a powerful vocabulary and design framework that builds in trust to allow users of a technology to understand and accept the features of a system.
	Address	CSIRO Data61; Australia National University; CSIRO Data61; CSIRO Data61
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Unversity	Place of Publication	Palmerston North, New Zealand	Editor	Thomas J. Huggins, V.L.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-473-66845-7	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modelling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2477
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	Author	Carsí, J.A.; Canós, J.H.; Penadés, M.ª C.; Sánchez-Díaz, J.; Borges, M.R.S.
	Title	Towards a Generic Metamodel for Urban Resilience Assessment			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2023
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1059-1068
	Keywords	Urban Resilience; City Resilience; Metamodel; Semantic Interoperability
	Abstract	The proliferation of natural and artificial disasters in the last decades has made urban resilience enforcement a strategic goal of city governments worldwide and a hot research topic for academics and practitioners. Consequently, several urban resilience assessment and improvement frameworks have been proposed. Some frameworks have associated operational tools, but these systems are not interoperable with other frameworks' utilities, forcing cities to use different tools for evaluating various aspects of resilience. Since data must be converted manually from one tool to another, the conversion may be error-prone and tedious. In this paper, we report the steps toward defining an urban resilience metamodel that intends to be at the core of a multi-framework urban resilience management portal. Our goal is to provide city administrators with a single operational tool able to evaluate resilience according to different frameworks, thanks to the definition of semantic interoperability mechanisms between the frameworks and the metamodel
	Address	IUMTI – Universitat Politècnica de València; IUMTI – Universitat Politècnica de València; IUMTI – Universitat Politècnica de València; IUMTI – Universitat Politècnica de València
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	University of Nebraska at Omaha	Place of Publication	Omaha, USA	Editor	Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor	Hosssein Baharmand	Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition	1
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference
	Notes	http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/UPWR1542			Approved	no
	Call Number	ISCRAM @ idladmin @			Serial	2588
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	Author	Cary Milkop; Najif Ismail
	Title	The Poor Performance of Non Structural Components in Seismic Events in Context			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	351-365
	Keywords	seismology earthquake retrofitting
	Abstract	Damage to non-structural components (NSCs) in seismic events has been identified as a recurring problem in New Zealand for decades. It is also a problem in comparable seismic risk countries. Whilst improvements have been made and lessons learned, the complexity of suspended ceilings has also grown. The purpose of this article is to review the situation for suspended NSCs and to discuss recommendations. Whilst NSCs have not received the attention that structural components have, they are a significant source of costs and consequences should they fail in seismic events. Several articles have emerged surrounding NSC failure but owing to the inherent complexity of the subject, there is no one document that covers all aspects. The poor performance of NSCs in seismic events has been known and written about for several decades. The USA is a comparable and useful source of information around what has proven to be effective and system-changing.
	Address	Wellington Institute of Technology; Wellington Institute of Technology
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-473-45447-0	Medium
	Track	Understanding Risk, Risk Reduction, Consequences and Forecasting	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1681
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	Author	Cécile L'Hermitte; William Wang; Eric Deakins
	Title	Exploring the Physical Internet concept to improve disaster relief operations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	12-27
	Keywords	Emergency Response; Disaster Relief; Physical Internet; Logistics; Supply Chain Management
	Abstract	Successful disaster relief operations call for responsive and flexible movements of goods in order to make the relief items available when and where they are needed by the affected communities. The objective of this explorative research is to investigate the applicability of the Physical Internet to emergency relief operations. The Physical Internet is a groundbreaking logistical system in which standardised, modular packages are automatically routed from origin to destination through a hyperconnected network of logistics providers and facilities. Although the concept is receiving growing attention from academics, practitioners and policy makers, research in the disaster management context is virtually non-existent. Based on a review of the relevant academic literature and publicly available information from emergency responding agencies and the media, we firstly use the Kaikoura earthquake that occurred in the South Island of New Zealand on 14th November 2016 to identify six key requirements that support the efficient movement of relief items in the aftermath of a disaster. We then identify six characteristics of the Physical Internet and explore how these characteristics can support the requirements of emergency response operations. We conclude that the Physical Internet principles have the potential to enhance the speed, flexibility and reliability of emergency responses. In other words, a fully integrated and collaborative logistics system in which relief items and information move seamlessly across a web of interconnected transport modes and operators can increase the efficient deployment of urgently needed relief items. This study extends the Physical Internet principles to emergency relief operations and identifies new ways of improving and optimising the logistics of emergency responses. In doing so, this research aims to stimulate debate within the disaster relief sector.
	Address	University of Waikato; University of Waikato; University of Waikato
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Resilience to cope with the unexpected	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1648
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	Author	Cecilia Hammar Wijkmark; Ilona Heldal
	Title	Virtual and Live Simulation-Based Training for Incident Commanders			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2020	Publication	ISCRAM 2020 Conference Proceedings – 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2020
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1154-1162
	Keywords	Virtual Simulation; Simulation; Serious Games; Training; Live Training; Cost and Benefit; Use; Usability; Incident Command
	Abstract	Computer and virtual simulation-based training (CST) offer several benefits for emergency response and management preparedness. However, organizations responsible for training are often hesitant to use CST, based on cost and perceived lack of benefit when compared to live simulation training (LST). This paper investigates how CST can complement LST, and how it contributes to achieving the necessary learning objectives for level one fire and rescue service incident commanders (ICs). Data and examples come from an experimental study with students from different fire and rescue services trained in the role of the IC in LST and CST, in a similar scenario. Results show the cost and benefits of the CST implementation based on evaluations from learners, instructors and responsible managers. Participants had a positive attitude towards using virtual simulations, but the results also point to barriers regarding the suitable design of learning scenarios and implementation.
	Address	Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Virginia Tech	Place of Publication	Blacksburg, VA (USA)	Editor	Amanda Hughes; Fiona McNeill; Christopher W. Zobel
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-949373-27-105	ISBN	2411-3491	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes	Cecilia.hammar.wijkmark@hvl.no			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2306
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