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	Author	Linda Plotnick; Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Matthew Burns
	Title	For whom the siren sounds: Public perceptions of outdoor warning sirens in northeast Alabama			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Signaling; Tornadoes; Alabama; Emergency alerts; Notification systems; Public perception; Sirens
	Abstract	In tornado-prone Alabama, outdoor emergency sirens are used as a major component of the Emergency Alert and Notification System. However there have been no studies to date of the effectiveness of these sirens in Calhoun County. In April 2011 a major tornado swept through this area of northeast Alabama, leaving in its wake over 300 fatalities and massive destruction. This preliminary study examines public perceptions and reactions to the sirens for notification of tornadoes. Faculty and students of a mid-sized university in Calhoun County, Alabama were surveyed before and after the devastating 2011 tornado. Although the respondents find the sirens helpful, they have difficulty understanding the tones and spoken messages emitted by the sirens. Concerns about tornadoes did increase slightly after the 2011 tornado. Those who did experience an increase in concern were likely to change their behavior in preparations and response to tornadoes. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Jacksonville State University, United States; New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Expert Systems for Disaster Management	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	189
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	Author	Amy Rankin; Rita Kovordanyi; Joris Field; Henrik Eriksson
	Title	Instructor's tasks in crisis management training			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Virtual reality; Crisis management; Exercise managements; Monitor and control; Training Systems; Virtual reality training; E-learning
	Abstract	In crisis management exercises the instructor's performance is critical to the success of the training. It is their responsibility to monitor and evaluate the exercise, as well as appropriately adjust and adapt the scenario to the unfolding events. Despite the importance of the instructor's skills in crisis management training little has been documented regarding successful methods or common pitfalls. The study presented in this paper is exploratory and aimed at investigating how instructors monitor and control large scale crisis management exercises. The results are intended to be used as a basis for further investigation on how instructors can be supported in virtual reality training systems. A summary of results from interviews is presented and followed by observations reports from two live exercises. Finally, key areas for instructor support in virtual-reality training systems are identified. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	LinkÃ¶ping university, Sweden; National Aerospace Laboratories, NLR, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Human Experiences in the Design of Crisis Response and Management Services and Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	190
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	Author	Carin Rencrantz; Niclas Karlsson; Rolf Olsson
	Title	A concept for inter-organizational crisis management exercises			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Consequences; Cooperation; Coordination; Crisis management; Exercise; Management information systems
	Abstract	A large inter-organizational Swedish crisis management exercise was carried out during two months in 2011. It was unique in the sense that it combined both short-term and long-term crisis management involving more than 60 organizations and 6000 participants. This has never been done before in this context and therefore required an elaborated and sophisticated exercise concept. The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of the exercise as well as lessons learned about the concept and the Swedish crisis management system. The exercise was composed of three different phases each involving different methods with respect to exercising and evaluating effective and efficient crisis management. The general conclusion is that the exercise enabled analyzes and handling of both short-term and long-term crisis management. This implies that the exercise concept could be of great use in Sweden and other countries where emergencies call for cooperation between numerous distributed organizations. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Inter-Organizational Exercises and Operations	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	191
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	Author	Christian Reuter; Volkmar Pipek; Torben Wiedenhöefer; Benedikt Ley
	Title	Dealing with terminologies in collaborative systemsfor crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Communication; Information systems; Collaboration; Collaborative systems; Crisis communications; Crisis management; Empirical studies; Inter-organisational; Linguistic symbols; Theoretical foundations; Terminology
	Abstract	This paper presents approaches on how to deal with terminological ambiguities (different understandings of terms in heterogeneous groups of actors) in collaborative systems. First we will give some insight on the conceptual and theoretical foundation surrounding the 'triangle of reference', a model of how linguistic symbols are related to the objects they represent. Then we will describe the results of our exploratory empirical study, which was conducted in Germany, and dealt with inter-organisational crisis communication. Based on this, we will then deduce requirements necessary for supporting and dealing with terminologies, and propose technical approaches for collaborative systems. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Institute for Information Systems, University of Siegen, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Social Media and Collaborative Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	192
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	Author	Helen Richardson
	Title	Expatriates in political crisis: A website			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	75-80
	Keywords	Information systems; Expatriates; Online resources; Organisational; Political crisis; September 11; Terrorist attacks; Turkishs; Websites
	Abstract	With the rise in the profile of terrorism and war since the September 11th terrorist attack, the Bali, Turkish and Madrid bombings, organisational stress has reached new heights. Companies have subsequently realised the need to provide more resources for their expatriate employees. A few companies are now developing online resources to help employees through these crises. The researcher sought to extend this approach by developing a trial Website for expatriates employees and their families that draws on the concept of 'Storytelling' as a form of 'Narrative Therapy'. The aim is to help expatriates and their families cope with the crisis by being able to share similar experiences, and further to provide them with links to useful resources to help them cope with the situation. This study began with the researcher reflecting on their own family experiences during the Libyan Revolution and then collecting stories from others who have shared similar experiences. This is a research in progress paper, and deals with the development of the concept and then a trial Website, which will be tested in subsequent research. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Open Polytechnic of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	193
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	Author	Felix Riedel; Fernando Chaves
	Title	Workflows and decision tables for flexible early warning systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Information systems; Decision supports; Flexibility; Rules; Usability; Work-flows; Decision tables
	Abstract	Today's decision support systems for crisis management are mostly designed to support a fixed process that integrates a given set of information sources. This means policies that govern the crisis management process are tightly integrated with the implementation, which makes it hard to adapt the system to changing requirements. Modern systems are expected to be adaptable and need to evolve along with the availability of new information sources and changing business processes. Previous work suggested using workflow systems to manage crisis management processes. Current approaches that use workflow systems are not end-user friendly or not flexible enough. In this paper we present our approach that combines workflows and decision tables for creating more flexible decision support systems. While workflows are used to orchestrate services and implement information logistics in the decision support processes, embedded rule sets are used to provide flexibility and adaptability of workflows. The rule sets are authored using decision tables which are an easy-to-use representation that allows end-users to express rules in an intuitive way. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Fraunhofer IOSB, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Early Warning and Expert Systems for Disaster Management	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	194
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	Author	Jozef Ristvej.; Tomas Lovecek; Katarína Kampova
	Title	ESEC portal as a tool for improvement of security focused studies			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Education process; Educational systems; Esec; In-process; Labor markets; Practical requirements; Quality of education; Security; Education
	Abstract	This article describes progress within a project approved by The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) in period from 10/2009 until 10/2012. The EACEA is responsible for the management of certain parts of the EU's programmes in the fields of education, culture and audiovisual. The idea of the eSEC project originated from the social requirement to increase the quality of education in the field of Security. The fault of the current educational systems is common detachment of the taught theory form the real practical requirements. That is the reason why it is necessary to focus more on the way in which the participants of education process can be prepared for the challenges which emerges from the labor market, which competencies are required and how it would be possible to link the educational systems of various institutions most efficiently. Therefore, the aim of our project eSEC is to develop and increase the competencies of students, pedagogues and research personnel working in the field of security, but even the expert public within the EU and the world. To achieve these objectives, an electronic portal eSEC is in process of development. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	University of Å½ilina, Slovakia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Education and Training	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	195
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	Author	Eli Rohn; Gil Erez
	Title	Fighting agro-terrorism in cyberspace: A framework for intention detection using overt electronic data sources			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Bioterrorism; Chemical detection; Data mining; Information retrieval; Information systems; Risk assessment; World Wide Web; Authorship; Cyber-terrorism; Digital shadow; Intelligence; Text mining; Terrorism
	Abstract	Agro Terrorism is “a hostile attack, towards an agricultural environment, including infrastructures and processes, in order to significantly damage national and international political interests”. This special session within the early warning track is aimed at reducing agro-terrorism related risks by either means of prevention (intelligence gathering using data mining and chatter mining, for example) or means to response to such an attack by early detection of exotic/foreign pathogenic agents, early prediction of disease dispersion patterns, implementation of biosecurity measures, and the development of future methodologies and techniques related to food defense and post-event response. This paper focuses on intention detection using overt data sources on the World Wide Web as they relate to agro-terrorism threats. The paper focuses on early detection that can lead to prevention of such acts, yet a variety of the techniques presented here are also useful for helping in post-event perpetrators detection. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Software and Information Systems Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University, Israel; Counter Agro Terrorism Research Center, Israel
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Planning and Foresight	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	196
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	Author	Anne-Francoise Rutkowski; Willem Van Groenendaal; Bartel A. Van De Walle; Jan Pol
	Title	Decision support technology to support risk analysis and disaster recovery plan formulation: Towards IT and business continuity			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	127-132
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disasters; Groupware; Information management; Information systems; Mobile telecommunication systems; Risk analysis; Business continuity; Business continuity plans; Disaster recovery plan; Economic decision model; Group support systems; Multi-national companies; Quantitative classifications; Recovery planning; Recovery
	Abstract	The paper presents a four-phase action research project that was (and still is) conducted at the department of Information Management Customer Support and Operations (IM\CS&O) of a large multi-national company. The department is in charge of ICT-service continuity and has to produce ICT recovery plans that are integrated with the organization's overall Business Continuity plan. Interviews, Group Support System (GSS) technologies as well as a risk survey have been used to gather information and identify risks and threats. A systematic quantitative classification, measuring the impact of loss of ICT services on the company's business processes in terms of cost and risk will allow in the near future to utilize an economic decision model to prioritize the core activities of training and implementation of a recovery disaster plan. The research has made clear to the involved protagonists the necessity to share information, to develop awareness, and to formulate a shared recovery disaster plan to ensure ICT/business continuity and/or recovery when ICT disruptions occurs. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Department of Information Systems and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response Stakeholders and Cooperation	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	197
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	Author	Maria A. Santos; António Gonçalves; Sandra Silva; Nuno Charneca; Miguel Gamboa
	Title	Dam break emergency response Information System			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	27-32
	Keywords	Civil defense; Dams; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Internet; Management information systems; Reservoirs (water); Risk management; Dam-breaks; Emergence; Emergency management systems; Emergency Response Information Systems; Hazard identification; Internet based; Internet-based applications; Vulnerability reductions; Emergency services
	Abstract	Although considered of low risk, incidents with dams may cause significant damage both directly and indirectly. Direct losses are usually easier to assess (assuming human lives are quantifiable), but indirect losses are difficult to measure and may take some time before the original situation is restored. Disaster prevention and vulnerability reduction have been topics of major concern in many local, national or international organisations for some years. These can be accomplished through emergency management which begins with hazard identification and planning for disaster mitigation but encompasses other activities as risk analysis, risk response and recovery. Therefore, an emergency management system with capacity to: i) forecast critical situations; ii) warn the population as well as the authorities; and iii) support the civil protection system to deal with an emergency, is a most helpful tool to minimize the impact of an accident. The Information System described herein fulfils mainly the third objective, i.e. it is intended to help the Civil Protection System in Portugal, to respond to an emergency caused by the failure of a dam. It is an Internet-based application, which integrates all relevant data for the implementation of a dam emergency plan. These data include the main characteristics of the dam and its reservoir, the character-isation of the dam downstream valley as well as the response procedures to be followed in an emergency. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	National Civil Engineering Laboratory, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisboa, Portugal; Rua TomÃ¡s da AnunciaÃ§aÌ§o, 21-4 Esq, 2675-456 Odivelas, Portugal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	198
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	Author	Usha Satish; Siegfried Streufert
	Title	Training to defend: Strategic management simulations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	157-160
	Keywords	Decision making; Information systems; Personnel training; Strategic planning; Terrorism; Decision makers; Delayed feedback; Simulation; Strategic management; Task environment; Thought process; Management science
	Abstract	Terrorism is defined by a philosophy of revolutionary violence and a commitment to the destruction of government power. Of course, one way to reduce vulnerability to these impacts is heightened security. However, we must be a step ahead of terrorists: we must prevent their intended actions whenever possible. Most measures of decision-making competence focus on “content,” i.e. on “what” decision makers know, on what their thought processes are, and on whether the decisions they make are correct. However complex, volatile, ambiguous task environments involving uncertainty and delayed feedback provide challenges and generate levels of stress, which interfere with appropriate decision making. A “correct” decision may not be easily available. Many well-trained individuals will be at a loss and may make errors (e.g., because they may select the most immediately evident, yet not the most appropriate options). The use of a well-validated methodology, Strategic Management Simulations (SMS) to assess and train decision makers is presented. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response Simulation and Training Systems	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	199
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	Author	Johannes Sautter; Sebastian Kurowski; Heiko Roßnagel; Wolf Engelbach; Jan Zibuschka
	Title	Interoperability for information systems in public urban transport security: The SECUR-ED interoperability notation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Mass transportation; Unified Modeling Language; Urban transportation; Notation; Public transport; Secur-Ed; Security; Uml; Interoperability
	Abstract	In public transport and at large urban hubs, such as metro or train stations, transport operators and first responders collaborate in the prevention of and reaction to security issues. Within the EU demonstration project SECUR-ED a specific notation for interoperability of information systems in the domain of public transport security was developed. (In this context, the interoperability of actual operating systems is not the focus.) Based on UML (Unified Modelling Language), the notation language offers the possibility for structured modelling of system-of-systems architectures. Four interoperability object templates and their interdependencies form the underlying basis. Domain-specific annotation rules and guidelines for interoperability objects and their sub-component structures allow collaboration and interpretation of this model on various granularities and stages during a systems engineering process. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Fraunhofer IAO, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	200
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	Author	Volkmar Schau; Sebastian Scharf; Christian Erfurth; Stefan Hellfritzsch; Gerald Eichler; Wilhelm Rossak
	Title	Simulation of wireless, self-organizingandagent-based dynamic communication scenarios			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Mobile agents; Agent-based communication; MANET routing; Mobile data; Self organizations; Simulation; Mobile ad hoc networks
	Abstract	The inter-disciplinary research project SpeedUp focuses on an IT framework to support communication and collaboration for mobile rescue forces. Starting with the investigation of methods, organizational structures and strategies a separation of the professional and technical (IT) layers is achieved. In most cases rescue activities are highly dynamic, so the choice of a MANET supports best the application of mobile agents and different routing strategies. Using simulation, a number of representative, location-based scenarios are analyzed and evaluated. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Jena, Germany; Telekom Innovation Laboratories, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Wireless Connectivity Management	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	201
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	Author	Oliver Schmitt; Tim A. Majchrzak
	Title	Using document-based databases for medical information systems in unreliable environments			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Data storage equipment; Health care; Management information systems; Medical computing; Medical information systems; CouchDB; Crisis management; Crisis management systems; Development project; Document; Document-based; Medical data sets; Medical research; Database systems
	Abstract	Healthcare and crisis management are pervaded by the usage of Information Systems (IS). Virtually all IS rely on data storage. Despite the document-oriented nature of medical datasets, the prevailing kind of database used are relational (RDBMS) ones. In order to find a more adequate solution in a development project for a patientregistry, we evaluated a document-based database incorporated into the data storage layer of a system. To foster the understanding of this technology, we present the background of form-originated data storage in healthcare, introduce document-based databases, and describe our scenario. Based on our findings, we generalize the results with a focus on crisis management. We found that document-based databases such as CouchDB are well-suited for IS in medical contexts and might be a feasible option for the future implementation of systems in various fields of healthcare, crisis response, and medical research. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Department of Information Systems, University of MÃ¼nster, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Healthcare Crisis Management Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	202
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	Author	Axel Schulz; Heiko Paulheim; Florian Probst
	Title	Crisis information management in the Web 3.0 age			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information management; Information systems; Risk management; World Wide Web; Crowdsourcing; Emergency management; Linked open datum; Participatory Sensing; Social media; Data handling
	Abstract	The effectiveness of emergency response largely depends on having a precise, up-to-date situational picture. With the World Wide Web having evolved from a small read-only text collection to a large-scale collection of socially created data accessible both to machines and humans alike, with the advent of social media and ubiquitous mobile applications, new sources of information are available. Currently, that potentially valuable information remains mostly unused by the command staff, mainly because the sheer amount of information cannot be handled efficiently. In this paper, we show an approach for turning massive amounts of unstructured citizen-generated content into relevant information supporting the command staff in making better informed decisions. We leverage Linked Open Data and crowdsourcing for processing data from social media, and we show how the combination of human intelligence in the crowd and automatic approaches for enhancing the situational picture with Linked Open Data will lead to a Web 3.0 approach for more efficient information handling in crisis management. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Technische Universität, Darmstadt, Germany; SAP Research, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	203
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	Author	Aladdin Shamoug; Radmila Juric; Shamimabi Paurobally
	Title	Ontological reasoning as a tool for humanitarian decision making			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Ontology; Semantics; Humanitarian Crises; Humanitarian Response; Ontological reasoning; Reasoning; Swrl rules; Decision making
	Abstract	We propose an OWL/SWRL enabled ontological environment which can play a role in reporting and decision making in Humanitarian Crises (HC). We use (5WH): WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY and HOW, as the main vehicle for gathering information for decision making. We implement the semantics of (5WH) through OWL models and perform reasoning with SWRL rules, in order to support decision making and create more efficient Humanitarian Response (HR). Our case study shows the feasibility of the proposal and its outcome. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Track Decision Support Methods for Complex Crises	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	204
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	Author	Alexei Sharpanskykh
	Title	An agent-based approach for safety analysis of safety-critical organizations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Dynamics; Information systems; Multi agent systems; Societies and institutions; Agent-based approach; Air navigation service providers; Complex dynamics; Emergence; Organization model; Organizational dynamics; Safety analysis; Traditional approaches; Safety engineering
	Abstract	Modern safety-critical organizations are characterized by complex, nonlinear dynamics involving many interrelated actors and processes. Safety issues that emerge from these complex dynamics increasingly remain hidden, until an incident or even a serious accident occurs. Traditional safety analysis methods developed long ago for much simpler organizations cannot help identifying, explaining and predicting many safety-related properties of modern organizations. To address this issue, in the paper a formal approach is proposed to establish relations between local dynamics of actors of a complex safety-critical organization and global safetyrelated properties that emerge from these dynamics. In contrast to the traditional approaches, the organizational dynamics are specified by taking the agent perspective with an organizational layer. The application of the approach is illustrated by a simulation case study, in which spread of safety-critical information in an air navigation service provider is investigated. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modelling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	205
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	Author	Huizhang Shen; Jingwen Hu; Jidi Zhao; Jing Dong
	Title	Ontology-based modeling of emergency incidents and crisis management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Database systems; Decision support systems; Information systems; Ontology; Reusability; Risk management; Semantics; Crisis management; Crisis response; Decision supports; Emergency Decision-making; Emergency Incidents; Emergency management systems; Emergency response; Relational Database; Information management
	Abstract	With the frequent occurrence of emergency incidents in recent years, developing intelligent and effective decision support systems for emergency response and management is getting crucial to the government and public administration. Prior research has made many efforts in constructing crisis databases over the decades. However, existing emergency management systems built on top of these databases provide limited decision support capabilities and are short of information processing and reasoning. Furthermore, ontology based on logic description and rules has more semantics description capability compared to traditional relational database. Aiming to extend existing studies and considering ontology's reusability, this paper presents an approach to build ontology-based DSSs for crisis response and management. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Department of Management Information Systems, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200052, China; Department of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	206
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	Author	Lise Ann St. Denis; Amanda L. Hughes; Leysia Palen
	Title	Trial by fire: The deployment of trusted digital volunteers in the 2011 shadow lake fire			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Civil defense; Disasters; Information systems; Lakes; Risk management; Crisis informatics; Digital volunteers; Emergency management; Social media; Trusted volunteers; Human resource management
	Abstract	We report on the use of a team of trusted digital volunteers during the 2011 Shadow Lake Fire that occurred in the US Pacific Northwest to extend the social media capacity of a Type I incident management team. In this case study, we outline the tools and processes used by this virtual team to coordinate their activities, monitor social media communication and to establish communications with the public around the event. Finally, we discuss the potential merits and limitations of implementing a team of trusted volunteers and explore how this idea could be incorporated into emergency management organizations. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	ATLAS, Project EPIC, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; Computer Science, Project EPIC, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Social Media and Collaborative Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	207
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	Author	Kate Starbird; Grace Muzny; Leysia Palen
	Title	Learning from the crowd: Collaborative filtering techniques for identifying on-the-ground Twitterers during mass disruptions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Information systems; Learning systems; Social networking (online); Support vector machines; Crisis informatics; Human computation; Mass disruption; Microblogging; Political protest; Behavioral research
	Abstract	Social media tools, including the microblogging platform Twitter, have been appropriated during mass disruption events by those affected as well as the digitally-convergent crowd. Though tweets sent by those local to an event could be a resource both for responders and those affected, most Twitter activity during mass disruption events is generated by the remote crowd. Tweets from the remote crowd can be seen as noise that must be filtered, but another perspective considers crowd activity as a filtering and recommendation mechanism. This paper tests the hypothesis that crowd behavior can serve as a collaborative filter for identifying people tweeting from the ground during a mass disruption event. We test two models for classifying on-the-ground Twitterers, finding that machine learning techniques using a Support Vector Machine with asymmetric soft margins can be effective in identifying those likely to be on the ground during a mass disruption event. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	University of Colorado, Boulder, United States; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Social Media and Collaborative Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	208
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	Author	Daniel Stein; Barbara Krausz; Jobst Löffler; Robin Marterer; Rolf Bardeli; Jochen Schwenninger; Bela Usabaev
	Title	Enriching an intelligent resource management system with automatic event recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Data handling; Information services; Information systems; Natural resources management; Resource allocation; Service oriented architecture (SOA); Abnormal event detections; Automatic speech recognition; Event recognition; Irm; TETRA channel; Management information systems
	Abstract	Event recognition systems have high potential to support crisis management and emergency response. Given the vast amount of possible input channels, automatic processing of raw data is crucial. In this paper, we describe several components integrated in an overall intelligent resource management system, namely abnormal event detection in audio and video material, as well as automatic speech recognition within a public safety network. We elaborate on the challenges expected from real life data and the solutions that we applied. The overall system, based on Event-Driven Service-Oriented Architecture, has been implemented and partly integrated into the end users' infrastructures. The system is continuously running since almost two years, collecting data for research purposes. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Fraunhofer IAIS, Schloss Birlinghoven, St. Augustin, Germany; University of Paderborn, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Event-Driven Techniques and Methods for Crisis Management	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	209
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	Author	Nathaniel Inglis Steinfeld
	Title	Federal emergency and disaster requests for tribal lands			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Disasters; Information systems; Communication pathways; Cultural competency; Disaster response; Emergency communication; Federal governments; Legality; Local government; Native peoples; Emergency services
	Abstract	Indian tribes have a special relationship with the federal government that dates back to the establishment of the United States. Federal disaster law, however, treats tribes as local governments and gives little weight to the historic relationship and lands of tribes. Instead of communicating as sovereign governments, tribes must first submit a disaster request to state officials, who then have discretion in transmitting the information to the federal government. This additional step in communication harms two important goals in disaster response on tribal lands: Efficiency and respectfulness in emergency communication and assistance. This paper examines how the legal framework that frames that intergovernmental communication. With this short introduction, this paper hopes to draw attention to the unique characteristics of tribal government, Indian law, and disasters on tribal land. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Special Session Mixed Methods	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	210
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	Author	Patrick Storms
	Title	Combined systems: A system of systems architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	139-144
	Keywords	Decision making; Information systems; Multi agent systems; Crisis management; Current situation; Decision supports; Distributed decision support systems; Distributed systems architectures; Key technologies; Making decision; System-of-systems architecture; Decision support systems
	Abstract	Combined Systems is aimed at exploring distributed decision support systems in open, complex chaotic environments. On a general scale, Combined is all about decision-making: observing the environment, making decisions and effectuating these to manage the current situation. Crisis management is a typical domain in which Combined-type systems can prove their value. For this reason the Combined project uses crisis management as primary case-domain. In this paper we highlight the key technologies that are subject of the Combined research, and we describe them in the light of crisis management. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Delft Cooperation on Intelligent Systems (DECIS), Delftechpark 24, 2628 XH Delft, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response ICT	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	211
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	Author	Evan A. Sultanik; Clayton Fink
	Title	Rapid geotagging and disambiguation of social media text via an indexed gazetteer			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Information systems; Contextual information; Disambiguation; Gazetteer; Geolocations; Micro-blogging services; Twitter; Unsupervised approaches; Unsupervised techniques; Social networking (online)
	Abstract	Microblogging services like Twitter afford opportunities for real time determination of situation awareness during crises as people report, via their statuses, information about events on the ground. An important component of the information included in a tweet are mentions of place names that may be sites of damage, injuries, or relief efforts. Methods for extracting these place names and determining the actual location being referenced are an essential part of the suite of tools required for automated extraction of situation awareness from tweets. Extracting and disambiguating place name mentions from text have been areas of extensive research. Twitter, however, presents challenges given the 140 character restriction on status and the informal, abbreviated language that are a norm in this communication channel. Named entity recognizers, which are dependent on labeled training data, may not be useful in this medium for extracting location mentions because the typical training domains for these taggers are absent the noise found in Twitter statuses. Additionally, the contextual information that is necessary for disambiguating place names is not always present. In this paper, we demonstrate a new technique, RapidGeo, for extracting and disambiguating place names from a location specific Twitter feed using an unsupervised technique for tagging location mentions and relying on the known geographic context of the feed for disambiguation. Our location tagging technique performs much better than an off-the-shelf named entity recognizer and we achieve reasonable precision in disambiguating extracted place names. We argue that such fast, high precision, unsupervised approaches are needed when important, actionable information is required from noisy data sources such as Twitter. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	Johns Hopkins University, APL, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	212
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	Author	Jeannette N. Sutton
	Title	When online is off: Public communications following the February 2011 Christchurch, NZ, earthquake			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	ISCRAM 2012 Conference Proceedings – 9th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2012
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Earthquakes; Information systems; Crisis communications; Disaster response; Electronic channels; Information access; Local government; On-line communication; Public communications; Social media; Disasters
	Abstract	This work in progress investigates the communication issues encountered and the strategies used by local government to communicate electronically with disaster affected individuals in the immediate aftermath of the February 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, NZ. It also provides a preliminary examination of the effects of information access on individual perceptions of community resiliency. We draw from a variety of data sources, including field research, interviews, and focus groups with local community members. Ongoing survey research will be integrated into future papers and presentations. This research provides insight into online crisis communications and the effectiveness of strategies to communicate with members of the public in a post-disaster environment when there is limited access to information via electronic channels. Â© 2012 ISCRAM.
	Address	University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Simon Fraser University	Place of Publication	Vancouver, BC	Editor	L. Rothkrantz, J. Ristvej, Z.Franco
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9780864913326	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	9th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	213
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