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	Author	Jana Kaeppler
	Title	GIS4EM Multi-Tenanted Approach toAGOL Applications for EmergencyManagement (Mackenzie, Hurunui andKaikoura District Councils, NewZealand)			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	233-245
	Keywords	GIS, AGOL Solutions, Emergency Management, Mackenzie, New Zealand
	Abstract	With the Hurunui (HDC), Mackenzie (MDC) and Kaikoura (KDC) District Councils sharing their Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Information Technology (IT) resources since 2017 it was decided to work on a GIS strategy for Emergency Management (EM) that would be applicable for all three councils as in the past geospatial skills and tools did not get equally utilised at all three councils during emergency and training events. ArcGIS Online (AGOL) was chosen as a common platform for a fully cloud based approach to the new Emergency Management Applications. The core modules of these applications are Story maps, WebApp Builder, Survey123, Operations Dashboard, Workforce and AppStudio. The development of these applications is a work-in-progress situation which is driven by the constant conversation and testing between the GIS person and the Emergency Management (EM) officers and a work flow is being developed to integrate these applications into the existing Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) picture. We believe once finalised this set of applications will add great functionality to New Zealand's Coordinated Incident Management System (CIMS) by providing interactive and cloud based visual geospatial information, situational awareness, forecasting, task management and task tracking.
	Address	Hurunui District Council
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Geospatial and temporal information capture, management, and analytics in support of Disaster Decision Making	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1675
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	Author	Jan Wendland; Christian Ehnis; Rodney J. Clarke; Deborah Bunker
	Title	Sydney Siege, December 2014: A Visualisation of a Semantic Social Media Sentiment Analysis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	493-506
	Keywords	Social Media, Sentiment Analysis, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Extreme Events, Crisis Communication
	Abstract	Sentiment Analyses are widely used approaches to understand and identify emotions, feelings, and opinion on social media platforms. Most sentiment analysis systems measure the presumed emotional polarity of texts. While this is sufficient for some applications, these approaches are very limiting when it comes to understanding how social media users actually use language resources to make sense of extreme events. In this paper, a Sentiment Analysis based on the Appraisal System from the theory of communication called Systemic Functional Linguistics is applied to understand the sentiment of event-driven social media communication. A prototype was developed to analyze Twitter data using the Appraisal System. This prototype was applied to tweets collected during and after the Sydney Siege 2014, a hostage situation in a busy café in Sydney. Because the Appraisal System is a theorised functional communication method, the results of this analysis are more nuanced than is possible with traditional polarity based sentiment analysis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2126
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	Author	Jamie Shackleton
	Title	Citizen Translation and a Community Engagement Approach to Promoting Preparedness in CALD Communities			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	400-407
	Keywords	Translation, CALD, Preparedness, Community Engagement
	Abstract	Emergency preparedness for CALD (culturally and linguistically diverse) communities has been identified as a significant gap in DRM (disaster risk management) research and practice. Using a community engagement approach, a practitioner in Wellington, New Zealand implemented a Citizen Translation project to have volunteers from 15 communities facilitate translations for a new local Earthquake Preparedness Guide, in partnership with local Civil Defense and an international crisis translation team, INTERACT. Initial findings have shown that consultation with community members over the translation of their language has been a powerful way to establish initial links into the community and instigate discussion and feedback about emergency preparedness; it has led to further projects including emergency messaging translations. This work in progress raises an important and often overlooked discourse on inclusiveness in DRM activities and the potential for community engagement to play a role with CALD community preparedness.
	Address	New Zealand Red Cross
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Understanding Risk, Risk Reduction, Consequences and Forecasting	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1652
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	Author	Jacob Pastor; Ilan Noy; Isabelle Sin
	Title	Flood risk and flood insurance in New Zealand			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	381-399
	Keywords	Flood risk, insurance, liabilities
	Abstract	The standard framework for undertaking a risk assessment of a natural hazard involves analyzing the interaction of three components: Hazard data (in the form of maps), the elements exposed to the hazard (exposure), and measures of these elements' vulnerability (understood as the susceptibility to harm or damage). In New Zealand, national flood risk remains unquantified due to the absence of national flood inundation hazard map coverage. In this paper, we develop a methodology that aims to fill this gap by estimating instead the likelihood of a flood insurance claim for a stock of residential buildings. We estimate a non-linear limited-dependent variable model and using a set of fragility functions (also known as damage curves), we calculate the expected monetary losses under plausible flood depth scenarios. The outcome of this research could inform insurers of their potential liabilities and threats to their financial sustainability in the face of flood and storms.
	Address	Victoria University of Wellington; Victoria University of Wellington; MOTU
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Understanding Risk, Risk Reduction, Consequences and Forecasting	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1669
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	Author	Jacob L. Graham; Mark B. Stephens
	Title	Analytic Decision Gaming – A Tool to Develop Crisis Response and Clinical Reasoning			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	60-68
	Keywords	Clinical reasoning, crisis response, medical school, scenario-based training, analytic decision game.
	Abstract	Emerging threats provide motivation to develop new methods for preparing the next generation of crisis responders. Bayesian theory shifts reasoning toward a probabilistic, epistemic paradigm, giving rise to Evans' revised heuristic-analytic theory. Researchers at The Pennsylvania State University use scenario-based training and the analytic decision game (ADG) to blend and implement these processes as foundational pedagogy for engaging, educating and training medical students as crisis responders and critical thinkers. The ADG scenarios vary by content and level of expertise, lending themselves readily adaptable to both crisis response preparation and the development of clinical reasoning. The ADG creates a virtual crisis requiring participants to engage in scenario management as role-players. For the past two years, medical students from the Penn State College of Medicine, in their first year of training, have participated in the ADG Lights Out scenario, testing community preparation and resilience after a wide-spread and months-long power outage.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2089
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	Author	Iva Seto; David Johnstone; Jennifer Campbell-Meier
	Title	Experts' sensemaking during the 2003 SARS crisis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	44-55
	Keywords	crisis informatics; public health crisis; SARS; social sensemaking; organisational learning
	Abstract	This paper depicts the real-time sensemaking of experts as they worked to combat the first emerging disease of the 21st century: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Newspaper data was analysed from the 2003 SARS crisis, with a Canadian perspective, to follow the process of solving the puzzle of this emerging disease. Retrospective sensemaking is a process that is triggered by the unexpected, which leads to actors gathering information (taking action) in order to consider possible interpretations for the unexpected event. Disease outbreaks serve as sensemaking triggers, and actors engage in retrospective sensemaking to find out the factors involved in how the outbreak happened. Prospective sensemaking (future-oriented) is employed when actors work together to plan how to combat the disease. The newspaper data demonstrate that retrospective and prospective sensemaking are tethered: to make plans to combat a disease, actors first require a collectively agreed upon understanding from which they can generate possibilities for a crisis response. This paper contributes to the field by providing concepts for long-duration crisis sensemaking, as the bulk of organisational research focuses on acute crises such as wildfires, or earthquakes.
	Address	Victoria University of Wellington; Victoria University of Wellington; Victoria University of Wellington
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Resilience to cope with the unexpected	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1649
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	Author	Irmana Sampedro; Matthew Hughes
	Title	Underground Infrastructure and EQ events: how an advanced condition assessment and data collection process will assist in the planning for and recovery from an EQ event			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	254-262
	Keywords	Condition Assessment, Emergency Management, Data Collection, GIS, Earthquake
	Abstract	Is your organisation ready to cope with underground infrastructure condition assessment data collected after an earthquake? Drawing on lessons from the 2010-2011 Canterbury and 2016 Kaikoura earthquakes, we provide guidance on how to make small differences in how your organisation currently collects and stores the necessary condition data to prepare for emergencies, especially for small- and medium-size councils without sophisticated asset management systems. Key questions to address include: Are you receiving condition assessment data in electronic format? Are your contractors providing XY coordinates when repairs are undertaken, or when providing photographs as part of visual assessment? Do you have an asset management system able to prioritise critically damaged underground infrastructure? Do you have easy access to your current network condition for insurance purposes? Simple business-as-usual improvements will provide enhanced preparedness and resilience capability in the event of an earthquake. In addition, we provide a framework for future data collection processes.
	Address	Christchurch City Council; University of Canterbury
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Geospatial and temporal information capture, management, and analytics in support of Disaster Decision Making	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1667
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	Author	Ioan M. Ciumasu
	Title	A coordination lattice model for building urban resilience			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	419-427
	Keywords	Resilient communities, Social learning, Data-Information-Knowledge-Action-Result, Foresight, Planning
	Abstract	Common denominators emerge difficultly in projects bridging science and society or/and across disciplines. Managing crises require inter-organizational learning and citizen involvement, but, often such undertakings lead to bargain resulting in sub-optimal decisions. Building resilience into human communities demands complex projects, which further require good problem definition, starting with agreements on values and knowledge, as basis for further agreements on goals and methods. This paper spreads the Data-Information-Knowledge-Action-Result frame over a 4-level process to generate a DIKAR_process matrix and lattice that allows optimal orientation and coordination towards achieving a set of common denominators and coordinated action protocols. This framework allows sequences and cycles that can be formulated and pursued simultaneously, comparatively and iteratively, within any large, heterogeneous constituency of actors involved in building resilience in local communities. The model is illustrated and discussed in relation to urban sustainability issues and complementary methods like knowledge maps, mental models, social learning and scenarios.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2119
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	Author	Ilan Noy; Jacob Pastor Paz; Olga Filippova; Ken Elwood
	Title	A Building Inventory for Seismic Policy in an Earthquake-Prone City			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	145-152
	Keywords	Earthquake-prone, building inventory, retrofit, building occupancy, building standards
	Abstract	We describe the creation of a building inventory database that is created for Wellington, New Zealand's earthquake-prone capital city. This database aims to assist the generation of research on the risks, impacts, and viable solutions for reducing the seismic risk of existing multi-story concrete buildings in Wellington's Central Business District. The database includes structural, economic and market information on every building in the CDB. Its primary purpose is to inform a multi-disciplinary project whose aims are: (1) to provide best scientific knowledge about the expected seismic performance of concrete buildings; (2) to assess the impact of multiple building failures including the downstream consequences of associated cordoning; (3) to provide a path for seismic retrofitting that includes prioritization of retrofits; and (4) to inform the design of a regulatory structure that can facilitate the reduction of risk associated with earthquake vulnerable concrete buildings as described in aims (1)-(3).
	Address	Victoria University of Wellington; Victoria University of Wellington; University of Auckland; University of Auckland
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Data Issues for Situation/Disaster Awareness	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1684
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	Author	Iftikhar Ali; Vahid Freeman; Senmao Cao; Wolfgang Wagner
	Title	Sentinel-1 Based Near-Real Time Flood Mapping Service			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1074-1080
	Keywords	Sentinel-1, EODC, Flood mapping service, SAR, Azure Service Bus.
	Abstract	Globally floods are categorized as one of most devastating natural disasters and annually causing a major loss to human lives and economy. For rapid damage assessment and planning relief activities a large scale spatio-temporal overview is required to assist local authorities. This paper aims to provide an overview of a Sentinel-1 based near-real time flood mapping/monitoring service; which is implemented as an operational service under the framework of I-REACT (Improving Resilience to Emergencies through Advanced Cyber Technologies) project.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	1st International Workshop on Intelligent Crisis Management Technologies for Climate Events (ICMT)	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2179
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	Author	Hussein Mouzannar; Yara Rizk; Mariette Awad
	Title	Damage Identification in Social Media Posts using Multimodal Deep Learning			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	529-543
	Keywords	Humanitarian computing, deep neural networks, multimodal learning, natural language processing, visual object recognition.
	Abstract	Social media has recently become a digital lifeline used to relay information and locate survivors in disaster situations. Currently, officials and volunteers scour social media for any valuable information; however, this approach is implausible as millions of posts are shared by the minute. Our goal is to automate actionable information extraction from social media posts to efficiently direct relief resources. Identifying damage and human casualties allows first responders to efficiently allocate resources and save as many lives as possible. Since social media posts contain text, images and videos, we propose a multimodal deep learning framework to identify damage related information. This framework combines multiple pretrained unimodal convolutional neural networks that extract features from raw text and images independently, before a final classifier labels the posts based on both modalities. Experiments on a home-grown database of labeled social media posts showed promising results and validated the merits of the proposed approach.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2129
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	Author	Hongmin Li; Xukun Li; Doina Caragea; Cornelia Caragea
	Title	Comparison of Word Embeddings and Sentence Encodings for Generalized Representations in Crisis Tweet Classifications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	480-493
	Keywords	Word Embeddings, Sentence Encodings, Reduced Tweet Representation, Crisis Tweet Classification
	Abstract	Many machine learning and natural language processing techniques, including supervised and domain adaptation algorithms, have been proposed and studied in the context of filtering crisis tweets. However, applying these approaches in real-time is still challenging because of time-critical requirements of emergency response operations and also diversities and unique characteristics of emergency events. In this paper, we explore the idea of building “generalized” classifiers for filtering crisis tweets that can be pre-trained, and are thus ready to use in real-time, while generalizing well on future disasters/crises data. We propose to achieve this using simple feature based adaptation with tweet representations based on word embeddings and also sentence-level embeddings, representations which do not rely on unlabeled data to achieve domain adaptations and can be easily implemented. Given that there are different types of word/sentence embeddings that are widely used, we propose to compare them to get a general idea about which type works better with crisis tweets classification tasks. Our experimental results show that GloVe embeddings in general work better with the datasets used in our evaluation, and that the supervised algorithms used in our experiments benefit from GloVe embeddings trained specifically on crisis data. Furthermore, our experimental results show that following GloVe, the sentence embeddings have great potential in crisis tweet tasks.
	Address	Kansas State University; Kansas State University; Kansas State University; Kansas State University
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Social Media and Community Engagement Supporting Resilience Building	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1689
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	Author	Henrik Berndt; Daniel Wessel; Lennard Willer; Michael Herczeg; Tilo Mentler
	Title	Immersion and Presence in Virtual Reality Training for Mass Casualty Incidents			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	806-817
	Keywords	User-Centered Design, Virtual Reality Training Simulations, Mass Casualty Incidents, Immersion, Presence
	Abstract	Preparation for mass casualty incidents (MCIs) is highly important but difficult to accomplish. Incidents are rare, often complex, and training is costly. However, with the development of consumer grade virtual reality (VR) hardware, immersive training simulations have become affordable for competency training. To make simulations effective, users have to be immersed and feel present in the simulation. We have developed a VR training system for MCIs in a user centered design process with emergency personnel and further improved the system to increase immersion and presence. In an evaluation with eighteen paramedic trainees, we compare six hypothesized design improvements between the two simulations, such as using a menu or a simulated emergency bag for interaction. Results indicate clear user preferences of interaction styles related to immersion and presence in MCI VR simulations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Case studies and reflections from practice	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2153
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	Author	Hemant Purohit; Kathleen Moore
	Title	The Digital Crow's Nest: A Framework for Proactive Disaster Informatics & Resilience by Open Source Intelligence			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	949-958
	Keywords	Resilience, Emergency management, Crisis Management, Indicator Analysis, Open Source Intelligence
	Abstract	The research on technology-assisted crisis management has primarily existed for two decades since 9/11. Although, the focus of technology research has been centered around tools to assist the response phase after a disaster. There has been a lack of emphasis on the role and design of technologies to assist the other phases of the crisis management cycle, particularly preparedness and mitigation phases to lead towards the vision of building resilient communities. In this paper, we first identify resilience characteristics of a community from the prior literature. We then analyze a co-occurrence network of concepts in the ISCRAM publications to validate the gap in relating technologies to resilience and conduct an indicator analysis of factors for proactive disaster informatics via a case study of recent disaster. Our analysis leads us to propose a conceptual framework “Digital Crow's Nest” based on Open Source Intelligence to improve the technology design for community resilience.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Designing for Resilience	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2167
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	Author	Hans Julius Betke
	Title	A Volunteer Coordination System Approach for Crisis Committees			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	786-795
	Keywords	spontaneous volunteers, coordination system, prototype demonstration
	Abstract	In disaster situations security authorities and organizations have the responsibility and duty to manage the disaster response. These organizations work in elaborated command and control structures with well trained employees. But in recent events, supported by new technologies like social media and mobile devices, spontaneous volunteers from the local population gained new importance as helpful force in disaster response. The high amount of volunteers bears high potentials to improve the efficiency of several activities through pure manpower. However, these people are not integrated in existing structures and lack a proper qualification. The proper coordination of spontaneous volunteers poses new challenges for disaster authorities. In this paper we introduce the prototype of a novel information system enabling crisis committees to coordinate spontaneous volunteers by semi-automated purposive communication and allocation. The results of first staff exercises are discussed to emphasize potential benefits and open challenges.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Universal Design of ICT in Emergency Management	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2151
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	Author	Hans J Scholl; Karyn Hubbell; Jeff Leonard
	Title	Communications and Technology Challenges to Situational Awareness: Insights from the CR16 Exercise			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	28-43
	Keywords
	Abstract	Saving and sustaining lives, stabilizing the incident, and protecting both environment and property from further damage are professional responders' first and foremost objectives when responding to any incident including a catastrophic one. For so doing, responders need to gain situational awareness (SA) so to effectively direct the response. Yet, in a catastrophic incident, critical infrastructures including response assets are damaged and disrupted, which leaves responders without the badly needed complete and verified information for days and even weeks. Critical communication and technology infrastructures used by responders are among those damaged and disrupted critical assets leading to both incomplete SA and a distorted common operating picture (COP). The lack of clear and comprehensive SA/COP and the disruption of communications and technology infrastructures seriously impedes incident commanders from efficiently directing the response effort. This study reports on communication and technology-relatedchallenges that emergency responders faced with regard to situational awareness in a recent large-scale exercise under the name of Cascadia Rising 2016 (CR16). The exercise involved a total of 23,000 active participants. Over four days in June of 2016, CR16 simulated the coordinated response to a rupture of the 800-mile Cascadia Subduction Zone resulting in a magnitude-9 earthquake and tsunami similar to the catastrophic incident in Eastern Japan in 2011. Responders at all levels were severely challenged, and the exercise revealed major vulnerabilities in critical communication and technology infrastructures. Situational awareness was very difficult to establish.
	Address	University of Washington; University of Washington; University of Washington
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Resilience to cope with the unexpected	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1651
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	Author	Hans Christian Augustijn Wienen; Faiza Allah Bukhsh; Eelco Vriezekolk; Roel J. Wieringa
	Title	Accident Analysis Methods and Models – a Systematic Review			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	398-408
	Keywords	Accident Analysis Methods and Models – a Systematic Review
	Abstract	After a risk has manifested itself and has led to an accident, valuable lessons can be learned that can be taken into account to reduce the risk of a similar accident occurring again. This calls for accident analysis methods. In the past 20 years a large number of accident analysis methods have been proposed and it is difficult to find the right method to apply in a specific circumstance. We conducted a review of the state of the art of accident analysis methods and models across domains. We classify the models using the well-known categorization into sequential, epidemiological and systemic methods. We find that these classes have their own characteristics in terms of speed of application versus pay-off. For optimum risk reduction, methods that take organizational issues into account can add valuable information to the risk management process in an organization.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Planning, Foresight and Risk Analysis	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2117
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	Author	Grégoire Burel; Harith Alani
	Title	Crisis Event Extraction Service (CREES) – Automatic Detection and Classification of Crisis-related Content on Social Media			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	597-608
	Keywords	Event Detection, Word Embeddings, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, API
	Abstract	Social media posts tend to provide valuable reports during crises. However, this information can be hidden in large amounts of unrelated documents. Providing tools that automatically identify relevant posts, event types (e.g., hurricane, floods, etc.) and information categories (e.g., reports on affected individuals, donations and volunteering, etc.) in social media posts is vital for their efficient handling and consumption. We introduce the Crisis Event Extraction Service (CREES), an open-source web API that automatically classifies posts during crisis situations. The API provides annotations for crisis-related documents, event types and information categories through an easily deployable and accessible web API that can be integrated into multiple platform and tools. The annotation service is backed by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and validated against traditional machine learning models. Results show that the CNN-based API results can be relied upon when dealing with specific crises with the benefits associated with the usage word embeddings.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2134
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	Author	Gerhard Rauchecker; Guido Schryen
	Title	Decision Support for the Optimal Coordination of Spontaneous Volunteers in Disaster Relief			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	69-82
	Keywords	Coordination of spontaneous volunteers, volunteer coordination system, decision support, scheduling optimization model, linear programming
	Abstract	When responding to natural disasters, professional relief units are often supported by many volunteers which are not affiliated to humanitarian organizations. The effective coordination of these volunteers is crucial to leverage their capabilities and to avoid conflicts with professional relief units. In this paper, we empirically identify key requirements that professional relief units pose on this coordination. Based on these requirements, we suggest a decision model. We computationally solve a real-world instance of the model and empirically validate the computed solution in interviews with practitioners. Our results show that the suggested model allows for solving volunteer coordination tasks of realistic size near-optimally within short time, with the determined solution being well accepted by practitioners. We also describe in this article how the suggested decision support model is integrated in the volunteer coordination system, which we develop in joint cooperation with a disaster management authority and a software development company.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2091
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	Author	Gavin Treadgold; James Gunn; Paul Morton; Simon Chambers
	Title	Developing a regional approach and strategy for geographical information systems for emergency management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM Asia Pacific 2018: Innovating for Resilience – 1st International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Asia Pacific.	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram Ap 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	190-199
	Keywords	Emergency management, geospatial information, information management, common operating picture, interoperability
	Abstract	This paper outlines practitioner work-in-progress in Canterbury, New Zealand, to develop a regional approach for geographical information systems (GIS) for emergency management. This is based upon recent events in Canterbury including earthquakes, floods, and fire; as well as New Zealand-wide work that is being done under the NZ GIS4EM banner. It introduces our approach, discusses a mind map that is being used to track desired data sets, plans to develop applications to support response functions in emergency operations centres, and the goal of using the common data sets as the basis of a common operating picture for Canterbury. Risks and issues associated with this work are highlighted, and then the draft strategy is introduced with desired outcomes and principles to achieve this goal. While initial work is primarily focused on GIS, the expectation is that the approach will be expanded to take a broader information management perspective in future.
	Address	Christchurch City Council; Environment Canterbury; Canterbury Civil Defence Emergency Management Group; Ministry of Civil Defence Emergency Management
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Massey Univeristy	Place of Publication	Albany, Auckland, New Zealand	Editor	Kristin Stock; Deborah Bunker
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Track	Data Issues for Situation/Disaster Awareness	Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1678
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	Author	Francisco José Quesada Real; Fiona McNeill; Gábor Bella; Alan Bundy
	Title	Identifying Semantic Domains in Emergency Scenarios			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1130-1132
	Keywords	Semantic domains, domain adaptation, emergency domains categorisation
	Abstract	Emergency scenarios are characterised by the participation of multiple and diverse organisations which come from different areas. This diversity is enriching in terms of expertise and approaches to tackle problems, however, it also provokes misunderstandings caused by semantic interoperability problems. There are some approaches which propose tackling these problems by using domain adaptation algorithms. Nevertheless, it is not trivial their application in emergency scenarios where the term “domain” is used in many different ways, not being clear either what it means or which domains are involved in these scenarios. In this paper, we identify semantic domains involved in emergency scenarios by analysing papers published in proceedings of ISCRAM and ISCRAM-med conferences. As a result, a categorisation of these domains has been developed, with the aim of providing a resource that can be used by domain adaptation algorithms to tackle problems such as those involving semantic interoperability.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Poster	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2188
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	Author	Flavio Horita; Ricardo Vilela; Renata Martins; Danielle Bressiani; Gilca Palma; João Porto de Albuquerque
	Title	Determining flooded areas using crowd sensing data and weather radar precipitation: a case study in Brazil			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1040-1050
	Keywords	Crowd sensing data, Weather radar precipitation, Kernel density estimation, Flood management, Collaborative platforms
	Abstract	Crowd sensing data (also known as crowdsourcing) are of great significance to support flood risk management. With the growing volume of available data in the past few years, researchers have used in situ sensor data to filter and prioritize volunteers' information. Nevertheless, stationary, in situ sensors are only capable of monitoring a limited region, and this could hamper proper decision-making. This study investigates the use of weather radar precipitation to support the processing of crowd sensing data with the goal of improving situation awareness in a disaster and early warnings (e.g., floods). Results from a case study carried out in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, demonstrate that weather radar data are able to validate flooded areas identified from clusters of crowd sensing data. In this manner, crowd sensing and weather radar data together can not only help engage citizens, but also generate high-quality data at finer spatial and temporal resolutions to improve the decision-making related to weather-related disaster events.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2176
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	Author	Flavio Dusse; Renato Novais; Manoel Mendonça
	Title	Investigating the Use of Visual Analytics to Support Decision-Making in Crisis Management: A Multi-Method Approach			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	83-98
	Keywords	Data Collection Methods, Crisis Management, Decision-Making, Visual Analytics.
	Abstract	Like Crisis Management (CM) itself, Visual Analytics (VA) is a multi-disciplinary research area and is potentially useful to analyze and understand the huge amount of multidimensional data produced in a crisis. Our work investigates how researchers and practitioners are using VA in decision-making in CM. This paper firstly reports on a systematic mapping study to analyze the available information visualization tools and their applications in CM. To complement this information, we report on questionnaires and ethnographic studies applied during the large events held in Brazil in recent years. Then, we analyzed existing tools for visualizing crisis information. Lastly, we analyzed the data gathered from interviews with six professional crisis managers. The compiled results show that the full potential of VA is not being applied in the state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice. We consider that further researches in the application of VA is required to improve decision-making processes in crisis management.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Analytical Modeling and Simulation	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2092
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	Author	Firoj Alam; Ferda Ofli; Muhammad Imran; Michael Aupetit
	Title	A Twitter Tale of Three Hurricanes: Harvey, Irma, and Maria			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	553-572
	Keywords	social media, artificial intelligence, image processing, supervised classification, disaster management
	Abstract	People increasingly use microblogging platforms such as Twitter during natural disasters and emergencies. Research studies have revealed the usefulness of the data available on Twitter for several disaster response tasks. However, making sense of social media data is a challenging task due to several reasons such as limitations of available tools to analyze high-volume and high-velocity data streams. This work presents an extensive multidimensional analysis of textual and multimedia content from millions of tweets shared on Twitter during the three disaster events. Specifically, we employ various Artificial Intelligence techniques from Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision fields, which exploit different machine learning algorithms to process the data generated during the disaster events. Our study reveals the distributions of various types of useful information that can inform crisis managers and responders as well as facilitate the development of future automated systems for disaster management.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Social Media Studies	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2131
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	Author	Fiona Jennet McNeill; Diana Bental; Jeremy Bryans; Paolo Missier; Jannetta Steyn
	Title	Informing decision makers: facilitating communication and trust for decision makers during crises			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2018	Publication	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	Iscram 2018
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1133-1135
	Keywords	Command and Control, decision making, data integration, information gathering, provenance, trust
	Abstract	This paper describes our approach to facilitating automated data sharing during a crisis management scenario. There are a number of reasons why this is difficult, of which we are addressing two of the main ones. Firstly, data in different organisations (and organisations) is mismatched in that different terminology, structure, specificity and data formats are used, so automated comprehension of data is problematic. Secondly, is that it is hard to assess the trustworthiness of data from other organisations. We have developed data-matching and provenance-based solutions to these problems individually. In this paper, we discuss how best these approaches can be integrated so that decision makers can quickly and automatically be presented with data to match, or approximately match, their data needs, together with the right information for them to understand the quality and meaning of this data, and introduce the CEM-DIT (Communication for Emergency Management through Data Integration and Trust) system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Rochester Institute of Technology	Place of Publication	Rochester, NY (USA)	Editor	Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	978-0-692-12760-5	Medium
	Track	Poster	Expedition		Conference	ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2189
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