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| Author | Per Wikberg; Dennis Andersson; Björn Johansson | ||||
| Title | Assessing command and control teams' performance and agility | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication  |
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2017 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 204-219 | ||
| Keywords | Command and control; Agility; Adaptability; Performance assessment | ||||
| Abstract | Crisis response organizations and military units must be agile and able to adapt to dynamic situations. The ability to adapt includes command and control agility, organizational adaptability and individual adaptability. An exploratory study of these adaptability traits were undertaken during a naval exercise. The exercise scenario was designed to progressively become more challenging, suggesting decreased performance and adaptability over time. The study objectives were to develop a data collection approach for adaptability traits and to investigate association between these traits and performance. Data collected from four command teams were evaluated in terms of response rate and item variation. Principal component analysis was used to explore latent structures and relationships. The results indicate acceptable survey response rates and trends showing a decrease in organizational adaptability and C2 agility over time while individual adaptability increased. The analysis also identified five partially independent components in the latent structure. | ||||
| Address | Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Albi, France | Editor | Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Track | Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 2012 | |||
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| Author | Lisette de Koning; Kees van Dongen; Floor Thönissen; Thom de Vries; Peter Essens | ||||
| Title | A tool to quickly increase knowledge for effective coordination in crises | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2017 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 220-233 | ||
| Keywords | Coordination; collaboration; team knowledge; integrated understanding; preparation | ||||
| Abstract | In complex crises, coordination between organizations is challenging. Knowledge needed to coordinate, like responsibilities, capabilities and interdependencies between tasks are often not known or not communicated systematically. As a result, coordination develops gradually and causes confusion. In this paper we describe an approach and tool called 'Profiler', that focuses on quickly increasing knowledge and understanding about the participating organizations while preparing for, or at the beginning of a crisis. Profiler was evaluated during an exercise of 1 Civil Military Coordination Battalion (1CIMICbat). Teams consisting of functional specialists performed a damage and needs assessments after a flooding. The results show that participants that used Profiler increased their knowledge and integrated understanding, when this was initially lacking. Further, participants with improved knowledge and integrated understanding, coordinated more within and between teams, when they perceived to be interdependent. Our results point in the direction that coordination effectiveness and efficiency may be improved with our approach. | ||||
| Address | TNO; University of Groningen | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Albi, France | Editor | Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Track | Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 2013 | |||
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| Author | Tim Grant | ||||
| Title | A Meta-theory of Command & Control in Emergency Management | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2017 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 234-245 | ||
| Keywords | Command and control; doctrine; meta-theory; scientific discipline; entity-relationship modelling | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents work in progress on developing a meta-theory of C2 in emergency management. Most research in C2 focuses just on one or two scientific disciplines. Just one paper has been found that gives a systematic overview of the science of C2. The approach taken employs entity-relationship modelling, yielding a set of scientific disciplines. These disciplines are compared with five military C2 doctrine publications. Doctrine found in at least four publications corresponded to the disciplines of decision theory, leadership theory, organizational theory, psychology, and the degree of delegation. Some topics not covered by the disciplines were found, indicating that analysis should be extended to C2 processes, resilience, and agility, permitting the development of guidance for practitioners. Further work is needed to compare the disciplines with civilian doctrine. Moreover, the disciplines could be compared to ICCRTS and ISCRAM conference proceedings, yielding an assessment of the maturity of C2 research. | ||||
| Address | Retired But Active Researcher (R-BAR) | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Albi, France | Editor | Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Track | Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 2014 | |||
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| Author | Sebastian Schmitz; Konrad Barth; Tim Brüstle; Tobias Gleibs; Ompe Aimé Mudimu | ||||
| Title | Testing the implementation of a flying localization system into emergency response using a tabletop exercise | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Urban search and rescue, unmanned aerial vehicle, command and control structures, tabletop exercise, emergency management | ||||
| Abstract | To optimize the search for trapped victims after building collapses, the authors participated in the development ofI a localization system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The objective of this study is to evaluate an approach to implement this system into the command and control structures during the emergency response after a building collapse. For this purpose, a tabletop exercise, based on a gas explosion scenario in an apartment building, was carried out with emergency response managers of the fire department and the German federal agency of technical relief. Observers have documented the exercise. Additionally, audio and video recordings were used. Thus, statements could be made about the implementation approach and the tabletop exercise method. Based on the results, the implementation approach can be considered appropriate. In addition, knowledge was gained about the appropriateness of tabletop exercises for the purpose of scientific evaluation. | ||||
| Address | TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1964 | |||
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| Author | Kristine Steen-Tveit; Jaziar Radianti | ||||
| Title | Analysis of Common Operational Picture and Situational Awareness during Multiple Emergency Response Scenarios | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Full-scale drill, elicitation methods, situational awareness, common operational picture, information needs. | ||||
| Abstract | Disaster response operations require communication and coordination between agencies that seldom occurs in everyday workday situations. Furthermore, in such hybrid environments it is necessary to establish a common operational picture for the responders involved to support collaborative decision-making. The emergency responders must gain situational awareness, and this can further affect the quality of how they deal with the situation. Training in emergency situations is shown to be efficient for learning. In order to understand the complexity of working in unpredictable environments, an analysis of an audio-log from a large-scale drill was carried out. Moreover, this paper provides a definition of several categories for identifying the processes to establish situational awareness and a common operational picture among emergency responders. The analysis process revealed how the actors communicate and revealed an overall communication pattern. | ||||
| Address | University of Agder, Norway, Norway | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1931 | |||
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| Author | Kristoffer Karl Darin-Mattsson; Niklas Hallberg | ||||
| Title | Do's and Don'ts in Inter-Organizational Crisis Management Exercises | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Inter-organizational, exercise, learning, crisis management, collaboration | ||||
| Abstract | It is commonly assumed that conducting exercises will contribute to better crisis management. However, the exact mechanisms of cause and effect are hard to isolate empirically. The objective of this paper is to compile and analyze the recommendations in the literature on inter-organizational exercises and learning. While not claiming to meet the strict scientific demand of empirical validation and general applicability, the compilation may nevertheless provide some guidance from research to practitioners. Forty-four papers about learning in interorganizational exercises were analyzed. Out of the analyzed papers, 28 discussed obstacles or success factors. However, the recommendations applicable in one setting are not automatically valid in others, and some are even contradictory. The recommendations have therefore been categorized according to two criteria; when in the exercise cycle and for whom they apply. Several recommendations concern individual learning, but maximizing individual learning can sometimes hamper learning on the organizational level. |
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| Address | Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Sweden | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1957 | |||
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| Author | Pär Hans Tuve Eriksson; Niklas Hallberg | ||||
| Title | Design to Fit – Morphological Analysis as a Tool for Exercise Design | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Exercise design, morphological analysis, crisis management | ||||
| Abstract | Exercises are considered as vital to develop and sustain crisis management capabilities. An exercise may have a role both as a provider of knowledge about the crisis management system, and its performance, and as a driver of change through training of individuals, groups and organizations. However, the relationship between the design and characteristics of a specific exercise, and the usability of its results in the development of the crisis management system is not well-understood. The objective of this paper is to explore if a morphological field can be used to investigate this relationship. Such a field was designed and evaluated. Even though this field was relatively simple, it was concluded that it provides results that deepen the understanding of how different types of exercises can contribute to the development of the crisis management system. | ||||
| Address | FOI, Sweden | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1953 | |||
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| Author | Mari Olsén; Niklas Hallberg; Kristoffer Darin Mattsson | ||||
| Title | Who Learns from Crisis Management Exercises: An Explorative Study | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Learning, exercise, crisis management | ||||
| Abstract | Exercises are stated to be an important means to learn how to handle crises. However, it has been discussed who should participate and what can be learnt from them. Several roles are involved in the planning, execution and evaluation of exercises, such as participants, observers, facilitators and evaluators. This paper presents an empirical study of the differences in learning experiences between participants and observers. The study was based on interviews with participants and observers involved in a series of exercises at municipality level. The result shows that the participants? learning relates to individual experiences and how well they felt they performed the task. Meanwhile, the observers? learning experiences concerned organisational issues. The findings suggest that to achieve variation in learning experiences, which is important for inventing new solutions, crisis management organisations need to allow their personnel to try different roles in the exercises to increase the learning outcome. | ||||
| Address | Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1936 | |||
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| Author | Amanda Jaber; Björn Johan Erik Johansson; Linnea Bergsten; Joeri Laere van; Peter Berggren | ||||
| Title | Evaluating the observation protocol of the Team Resilience Assessment Method for Simulation (TRAMS) | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Simulation games, training, Systemic Resilience Model, team resilience, assessment | ||||
| Abstract | This work in progress paper presents an initial evaluation of the observation protocol of the Team Resilience Assessment Method for Simulation (TRAMS) conducted in a crisis response simulation project. TRAMS is designed to assess the resilience of crisis response teams. The TRAMS observation protocol uses six core resilience functions from the Systemic Resilience Model as its theoretical foundation. Three independent observers used the protocol during a pilot study and six actual simulation games. Strategies relating to three out of six core resilience functions could be identified. The observations made were distributed similarly among the observers, indicating that the components of the TRAMS protocol are stable enough to continue developing the protocol. This study describes changes made to the protocol since the original design, and describes how the strategies relating to the six core resilience functions can be identified in the simulation games. | ||||
| Address | Linköping University, Sweden;Skövde University, Sweden | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1940 | |||
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| Author | Abbas Ganji; Tom Wilson; Sonia Saveli; Dharma Dailey; Mark Haselkorn | ||||
| Title | Cause and Effect: A Qualitative Analysis of Obstacles to Information Sharing During a Regional Disaster Exercise | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Information Sharing; Disaster Response; Qualitative Analysis; Collaboration; Coordination | ||||
| Abstract | After large-scale disasters, diverse partner agencies rely heavily on an information-sharing environment that supports collaborative work. In the U.S., this occurs under the Incident Command System (ICS), a structured organizational framework for coordinated action. We explore obstacles to information sharing and coordinationobserved at a county-level Emergency Operations Center (EOC) operating under ICS during the response phase of a large-scale regional disaster exercise. Textual observations collected in situ are analyzed for both the effect/manifestation and cause/source of barriers to information sharing. Two-thirds of barriers that manifest as computational issues are not caused by technology breakdowns, and a third caused by unclear processes manifest as computational issues. Overall, obstacles to collaborative work that appear to be related to computational issues are generally attributable to non-technical causes. This indicates that resources directed at improving collaborative management of disasters by enhancing technological capabilities are likely to be misdirected. | ||||
| Address | University of Washington, United States of America | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1848 | |||
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| Author | Johan Nordström; Björn Johan Erik Johansson | ||||
| Title | Supporting Inter-Organizational Learning – A Review of Post-Excercise Knowledge Sharing | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Inter-organizational learning, knowledge sharing, exercise reports, double loop learning | ||||
| Abstract | Inter-organisational learning from exercises and response operations is crucial for improving overall response capacity for coping with cross-domain crisis events. In order to compile and disseminate experiences and acquired knowledge in the form of lessons learned, post-exercise reports are written. This paper presents a review of 17 Swedish post-exercise reports. The review was conducted with the aim to investigate whether such reports contained enough information to support inter-organisational learning, i.e. if learning goals were stated, how the event was described, method for evaluation, conclusions, and whether recommendations for change were sufficient for supporting inter-organisational learning. It was found that most reports did not support organisational development and lacked recommendations that were useful outside the own organisation or the context of the specific exercise scrutinised. The results indicate the need for an exercise evaluation framework for inter-organisational exercises. |
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| Address | Swedish Defence Research Agency | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1858 | |||
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| Author | Daniel Auferbauer; Roman Ganhör; Hilda Tellioglu | ||||
| Title | Opportunistic Affiliation in Spontaneous Volunteer Management | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2019 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | Crisis and disaster management, spontaneous volunteers, command and control, volunteer management | ||||
| Abstract | Spontaneous volunteers influence crisis and disaster relief efforts as both an effective aid and a stressing factor for emergency organisations. Managing the negative impacts of spontaneous volunteering has thus become part of command and control deliberations. In this paper, we take a closer look at integrating spontaneous volunteers into the formal response system to mitigate negative impacts. Working with participants from formal response organisations, we gathered qualitative data regarding the management of spontaneous volunteers during the European migration crisis in 2015. Through thematic analysis, we extracted topics to systematically describe the interaction between emergency organisations and spontaneous volunteers. As implication thereof, we propose how computer supported systems can be applied to better manage spontaneous volunteers. In our discussion, we focus on the registration process and ad hoc verification of spontaneous volunteers to better integrate them in the formal response process. |
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| Address | AIT Austrian Institute of Technology;TU Wien | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Iscram | Place of Publication | Valencia, Spain | Editor | Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H. |
| Language | English | Summary Language | English | Original Title | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2411-3387 | ISBN | 978-84-09-10498-7 | Medium | |
| Track | T2- Command and control studies | Expedition | Conference | 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019) | |
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1866 | |||
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| Author | Rustenberg, K.; Radianti, J.; Gjøsæter, T. | ||||
| Title | Exploring Demons for the Establishment of Team Situational Awareness | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 636-648 | ||
| Keywords | Teams SA; Barriers of Team SA; Trust; Cynefin Framework; Information Sharing; Multi-Agency Collaboration; Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) | ||||
| Abstract | Individual situational awareness (SA) is crucial for building team SA, which is necessary for achieving a shared understanding of a situation, making informed decisions, and taking appropriate actions. This article examines the communication barriers that emerge when transitioning from individual to team SA in emergency management scenarios. We observed two emergency exercises on “ongoing life-threatening violence” and dam failure causing hospital congestion. The study was complemented with interviews with participants of these exercises, aiming at identifying barriers called SA-demons in the team setting. We discovered barriers that hinder the establishment of team SA, including a vicious cycle of mistrust, a fragmented information trap, a false feeling of mastery trap, and a decaying memory trap. These barriers can stem from individual, organizational, or technological factors. To complement existing SA theories, we applied the Cynefin framework and found that standard operating procedures can be potential barriers when transitioning into chaotic or complex domains. | ||||
| Address | Department of Information Systems University of Agder | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/KHTP8020 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2553 | ||
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| Author | Grace, R.; Montarnal, A.; Petitdemange, E.; Rutter, J.; Rodriguez, G.R.; Potts, M. | ||||
| Title | Collaborative Information Seeking during a 911 Call Surge: A Case Study | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 649-662 | ||
| Keywords | Emergency Communications; Information Seeking; Emergency Management; Crisis Informatics | ||||
| Abstract | This case study examines collaborative information seeking in a public-safety answering point during a 911 call surge that occurred when a man fired an assault rifle at police officers and evaded capture for nearly an hour in March 2020. Overwhelmed by questionable and imprecise reports from 911 callers, telecommunicators and on scene responders began working together to conduct broad and deep searches for the shooter. Whereas broad searches improved the scope of information gathering by identifying multiple, albeit questionable and imprecise, reports of the suspect’s location, deep searches improved the quality of information gathering by investigating 911 callers’ reports using drone, helicopter, and patrol units. These findings suggest requirements for collaborative information seeking in public-safety answering points, including capabilities to conduct broad and deep searches using next-generation 911 technologies, and command and control requirements for triaging these search tasks within inter-organizational emergency response systems. | ||||
| Address | Texas Tech University; IMT Mines Albi; Pennsylvania State University; Chandler Police Department | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ZFAY5505 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2554 | ||
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| Author | Radianti, J.; Pilemalm, S.; Steen-Tveit, K.; Rustenberg, K. | ||||
| Title | Enhancing Learning from Incidents by Reconstruction of Events: Using the SQUARE Tool for Evaluation | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 663-675 | ||
| Keywords | Learning from Incidents; Event Reconstruction-Based Evaluation; Tabletop Exercise | ||||
| Abstract | Evaluation after exercise and incidents—often called After Action Review or AAR—are important to enhance the emergency management (EM) response capability. However, evaluation supporttools for event reconstruction after incidents and exercises are not yet fully available. We engaged EM stakeholders in a tabletop exercise based on snow chaos and car accidents scenarios to evaluate a fully functional prototype. The tool assists information sharing in real-time and enhances debriefing process of any EM response and exercise. Analysis of reflective discussions and an open question survey shows that the EM participants consider the features of the prototype to facilitate better learning from incidents. However, they have different attitudes concerning the adoption, management, and application of the tool in organizations. For instance, more security features are required to comply with regulations. We argue that the tool is an important first step to fill the gap on the need for “event reconstruction-based evaluation.” | ||||
| Address | Department of Information Systems, University of Agder | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/EQKP4179 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2555 | ||
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| Author | Stensrud, R.; Valaker, S. | ||||
| Title | Methods to meet changes in the security environment a proposal of qualitative and quantitative assessment attributes for coordination performance | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 676-691 | ||
| Keywords | Modelling And Simulation; Multiteam Systems; Control Theory; Emergency Response | ||||
| Abstract | The use of methods to inform changes of command and control has long been important, in particular through empirical surveys and computational simulation. In this article, we focus on a particular type of control: “bump less” time-shift of authority during emergency response where it is not desirable to interrupt task resolution (Dess et al.,1984). As an example we address a particular type of control in a sociotechnical use case, i.e. ensuring coordinated action among human and non-human entities, and specifically use as a case shift of who ensures coordinated action when what entities are participating fluctuate over time, yet there is a need to sustain coordination (e.g. due to criticality of sustained performance). We do some work to detail a sociotechnical control mechanism and we present methods for examining the influence such control may have on performing both planned, prescribed, organizational task work as well as dynamic, non-prescribed tasks (Stanton et al., 2018). We argue that measures of high fidelity, with high specificity, defined before task resolution (feedforward) may be particularly important in prescribed change due to the possibility to define clear goals for coordinating and detailing who holds coordination authority. For dynamic change, on the other hand supporting technology that enable a sensing and processing of feedback the number of agents/entities undergoing change is not predetermined and the change of who is best suited to coordinate authority is less clear. Our theorizing is illustrated by using traditional linear control theory emulating shift of control nuanced by an emergency use case. In conclusion, we suggest future directions for research as well as practical implications. | ||||
| Address | Norwegian Defence Research Establishment; Norwegian Defence Research Establishment | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/OQYD8914 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2556 | ||
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| Author | Landsberg, L.; Gleibs, T.; Mudimu, O.A. | ||||
| Title | Design of a Systems Theory Approach for the Evaluation of C2-Systems | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 692-700 | ||
| Keywords | Systems Theory; Command And Control; Observation; Evaluation | ||||
| Abstract | The course of large-scale incidents as well as disasters can reveal weaknesses in command and control (C2) systems, which make adjustments necessary. Also, new technologies may require C2-systems to be adapted to achieve their full potential for improving incident command. This paper deals with an approach to enable the comparison and evaluation of different C2-systems or their adaptations in order to find the best possible customizations for C2-systems. To this purpose, systems theory is used to unify the approaches of different research disciplines. Within the C2-system boundaries, distinctions were made to represent three different levels of evaluation: “Physical Characteristics”, “Structures and Processes” as well as “C2-system-effectiveness”. During the implementation of the evaluation methods from the different research disciplines into the systems theory approach, it became apparent that the comprehensive approach is desirable, but that broad knowledge and expertise is necessary, especially at the highest evaluation level “C2-system-effectiveness”. | ||||
| Address | TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences; TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences; TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/OVXI9948 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2557 | ||
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| Author | Berggren, P.; Ryrberg, T.; Lindhagen, A.; Johansson, B. | ||||
| Title | Building capacity – conceptualizing Training of Trainers | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 701-710 | ||
| Keywords | Training of Trainers; Exercises; Learning; Capacity Building | ||||
| Abstract | Many organizations train and educate their staff to prepare for crisis. One approach is train-the-trainer (ToT; Training of trainers) concept. It is based on the idea that someone can be trained as a trainer, who in turn train their colleagues. The philosophy resembles a pyramid scheme that allows for a fast and efficient spread of knowledge and skills. This study focused on perceptions of the ToT concept through interviews with ToT trainers. Two learning theories, organizational learning (4I) and experiential learning theory (ELT) were used to conceptualize the ToT-concept. It was found that the ToT-concept can be used as the method to conduct ELT to achieve organizational learning and knowledge (4I). Furthermore, the study also presents how participants perceives ToT using thematic analysis. This resulted in four themes: Common understanding of ToT, Learn-by doing, No grounding in ToT, and Difficult to ensure quality. | ||||
| Address | Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/ZCNU4149 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2558 | ||
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| Author | Björnqvist, A.; Brodin, W.; Friberg, M.; Berggren, P. | ||||
| Title | Identifying Teamwork Processes in a Medical Command and Control Team During the COVID-19 Pandemic | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 711-720 | ||
| Keywords | Teamwork; COVID-19; Crisis Response; Command and Control; Healthcare | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an ethnographic study consisting of non-participatory observations of a Swedish regional medical command and control team during their crisis response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The field-notes from the observations were analyzed using a deductive content analysis with categories representing teamwork processes. The content analysis showed that the studied regional medical command and control team was engaged in all but one of the predefined teamwork processes. Furthermore, the content analysis also added to the understanding of the regional medical command and control team’s work procedures by emphasizing how the team was engaged in the different processes. Lastly, the content analysis also made it possible to identify potential developmental needs of the studied regional medical command and control team. | ||||
| Address | Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University; | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/NXFA1134 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2559 | ||
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| Author | Borglund, E., A.M.; Granholm, M. | ||||
| Title | Challenges in work procedures in distributed crisis management | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication |
Proceedings of the 20th International ISCRAM Conference | Abbreviated Journal | Iscram 2023 |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 732-737 | ||
| Keywords | Crisis Management; Distributed EOC; Tabletop Exercise; Information Technology Use | ||||
| Abstract | This is a work in progress paper on work and IT usage in distributed crisis management. The data presented in this paper has been collected at a one-day tabletop exercise with four Swedish municipalities. Four members of the four municipalities’ crisis organizations were invited to the exercise, which was designed as one scenario divided into two cases. At the start of each case of the exercise, each municipality was split into two separate rooms, to simulate a distributed crisis management. During the first case they could communicate using phone, TETRA radio, and the Internet. During case two in the scenario, there was no Internet connection. The study indicates that all the municipalities managed to organize and solve the given tasks using primarily voice communication, in case one using phone or, e.g., Teams, and in case two using TETRA radio. Information sharing using IT was non-existing. | ||||
| Address | Mid Sweden University; Mid Sweden University | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | University of Nebraska at Omaha | Place of Publication | Omaha, USA | Editor | Jaziar Radianti; Ioannis Dokas; Nicolas Lalone; Deepak Khazanchi |
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Hosssein Baharmand | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | 1 | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Track | Command and Control Studies | Expedition | Conference | ||
| Notes | http://dx.doi.org/10.59297/OBOX5959 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | ISCRAM @ idladmin @ | Serial | 2561 | ||
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