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Author Rachel Samuels; John Eric Taylor; Neda Mohammadi
Title The Sound of Silence: Exploring How Decreases in Tweets Contribute to Local Crisis Identification Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018
Volume Issue Pages 696-704
Keywords Crisis informatics, emergency response, flooding, hurricanes, social media
Abstract Recent research has identified a correlation between increasing Twitter activity and incurred damage in disasters. This research, however, fails to account for localized emergencies occurring in areas in which people have lost power, otherwise lack internet connectivity, or are uncompelled to Tweet during a disaster. In this paper, we analyze the correlation between daily Tweet counts and FEMA Building Level Damage Assessments during Hurricane Harvey. We find that the absolute deviation of Tweet counts from steady state is a potentially useful tool for the evolving information needs of emergency responders. Our results show this to be a more consistent and persistent metric for flood damage across the full temporal extent of the disaster. This shows that, when considering the varied information needs of emergency responders, social media tools that seek to identify emergencies need to consider both where Tweet counts are increasing and where they are dropping off.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium
Track (up) Social Media Studies Expedition Conference ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2143
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Author Alan Aipe; Asif Ekbal; Mukuntha NS; Sadao Kurohashi
Title Linguistic Feature Assisted Deep Learning Approach towards Multi-label Classification of Crisis Related Tweets Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018
Volume Issue Pages 705-717
Keywords Deep learning, Multi-label classification, Social media, Crisis response
Abstract Micro-blogging site like Twitter, over the last decade, has evolved into a proactive communication channel during mass convergence and emergency events, especially in crisis stricken scenarios. Extracting multiple levels of information associated with the overwhelming amount of social media data generated during such situations remains a great challenge to disaster-affected communities and professional emergency responders. These valuable data, segregated into different informative categories, can be leveraged by the government agencies, humanitarian communities as well as citizens to bring about faster response in areas of necessity. In this paper, we address the above scenario by developing a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for multi-label classification of crisis related tweets.We augment deep CNN by several linguistic features extracted from Tweet, and investigate their usage in classification. Evaluation on a benchmark dataset show that our proposed approach attains the state-of-the-art performance.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium
Track (up) Social Media Studies Expedition Conference ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2144
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Author Songhui Yue; Jyothsna Kondari; Aibek Musaev; Songqing Yue; Randy Smith
Title Using Twitter Data to Determine Hurricane Category: An Experiment Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018
Volume Issue Pages 718-726
Keywords Social Media Data, Hurricane Category, Twitter, Prediction
Abstract Social media posts contain an abundant amount of information about public opinion on major events, especially natural disasters such as hurricanes. Posts related to an event, are usually published by the users who live near the place of the event at the time of the event. Special correlation between the social media data and the events can be obtained using data mining approaches. This paper presents research work to find the mappings between social media data and the severity level of a disaster. Specifically, we have investigated the Twitter data posted during hurricanes Harvey and Irma, and attempted to find the correlation between the Twitter data of a specific area and the hurricane level in that area. Our experimental results indicate a positive correlation between them. We also present a method to predict the hurricane category for a specific area using relevant Twitter data.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium
Track (up) Social Media Studies Expedition Conference ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2145
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Author Reza Mazloom; HongMin Li; Doina Caragea; Muhammad Imran; Cornelia Caragea
Title Classification of Twitter Disaster Data Using a Hybrid Feature-Instance Adaptation Approach Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018
Volume Issue Pages 727-735
Keywords Tweet classification, Domain adaptation, Matrix factorization, k-Nearest Neighbors, Disaster response
Abstract Huge amounts of data that are generated on social media during emergency situations are regarded as troves of critical information. The use of supervised machine learning techniques in the early stages of a disaster is challenged by the lack of labeled data for that particular disaster. Furthermore, supervised models trained on labeled data from a prior disaster may not produce accurate results, given the inherent variation between the current and the prior disasters. To address the challenges posed by the lack of labeled data for a target disaster, we propose to use a hybrid feature-instance adaptation approach based on matrix factorization and the k nearest neighbors algorithm, respectively. The proposed hybrid adaptation approach is used to select a subset of the source disaster data that is representative for the target disaster. The selected subset is subsequently used to learn accurate Naive Bayes classifiers for the target disaster.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium
Track (up) Social Media Studies Expedition Conference ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings - 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2146
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Author Hemant Purohit; Jennifer Chan
Title Classifying User Types on Social Media to inform Who-What-Where Coordination during Crisis Response Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2017
Volume Issue Pages 656-665
Keywords User Classification, Social Media, Crisis Coordination, Organization, Organization-affiliated
Abstract Timely information is essential for better dynamic situational awareness, which leads to efficient resource planning, coordination, and action. However, given the scale and outreach of social media�a key information sharing platform during crises, diverse types of users participate in discussions during crises, which affect the vetting of information for dynamic situational awareness and response coordination activities. In this paper, we present a user analysis on Twitter during crises for three major user types�Organization, Organizationaffiliated (a person�s self-identifying affiliation with an organization in his/her profile), and Non-affiliated (person not identifying any affiliation), by first classifying users and then presenting their communication patterns during two recent crises. Our analysis shows distinctive patterns of the three user types for participation and communication on social media during crises. Such a user-centric approach to study information sharing during crisis events can act as a precursor to deeper domain-driven content analysis for response agencies.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Albi, France Editor Tina Comes, F.B., Chihab Hanachi, Matthieu Lauras, Aurélie Montarnal, eds
Language Englisg Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN Medium
Track (up) Social Media Studies Expedition Conference 14th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management
Notes Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 2200
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Author Venkata Kishore Neppalli; Cornelia Caragea; Doina Caragea
Title Deep Neural Networks versus Naive Bayes Classifiers for Identifying Informative Tweets during Disasters Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018
Volume Issue Pages 677-686
Keywords deep neural networks, naive bayes classifiers, handcrafted features
Abstract In this paper, we focus on understanding the effectiveness of deep neural networks by comparison with the effectiveness of standard classifiers that use carefully engineered features. Specifically, we design various feature sets (based on tweet content, user details and polarity clues) and use these feature sets individually or in various combinations, with Naïve Bayes classifiers. Furthermore, we develop neural models based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with handcrafted architectures. We compare the two types of approaches in the context of identifying informative tweets posted during disasters, and show that the deep neural networks, in particular the CNN networks, are more effective for the task considered.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium
Track (up) Social Media Studies CO - Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2141
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Author Kiran Zahra; Muhammad Imran; Frank O Ostermann
Title Understanding eyewitness reports on Twitter during disasters Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication ISCRAM 2018 Conference Proceedings – 15th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2018
Volume Issue Pages 687-695
Keywords social media, disaster response, eyewitness accounts
Abstract Social media platforms such as Twitter provide convenient ways to share and consume important information during disasters and emergencies. Information from bystanders and eyewitnesses can be useful for law enforcement agencies and humanitarian organizations to get firsthand and credible information about an ongoing situation to gain situational awareness among other uses. However, identification of eyewitness reports on Twitter is challenging for many reasons. This work investigates the sources of tweets and classifies them into three types (i) direct eyewitnesses, (ii) indirect eyewitness, and (iii) vulnerable accounts. Moreover, we investigate various characteristics associated with each kind of eyewitness account. We observe that words related to perceptual senses (feeling, seeing, hearing) tend to be present in direct eyewitness messages, whereas emotions, thoughts, and prayers are more common in indirect witnesses. We believe these characteristics can help make more efficient computational methods and systems in the future for automatic identification of eyewitness accounts.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Rochester Institute of Technology Place of Publication Rochester, NY (USA) Editor Kees Boersma; Brian Tomaszeski
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-0-692-12760-5 Medium
Track (up) Social Media Studies CO - Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2142
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Author Guoqin Ma; Chittayong Surakitbanharn
Title Predicting Hurricane Damage Using Social Media Posts Coupled with Physical and Socio-Economic Variables Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Social media, disaster management, damage prediction
Abstract During a natural disaster or emergency event, individual social media posts or hot spots may not necessarily correlate

to the most devastated areas. To better understand the correlation between social media and physical damage, we

compare Tweets, data about the physical environment, and socio-economic factors with insurance claim information

(as a proxy for physical damage) from 2017 Hurricane Irma in the state of Florida. We use machine learning

to identify relevant Tweets, sensitivity analyses to identify socio-economic factors, and statistical regression to

determine the predictive capability of insurance claims as a proxy for damage. We find that Tweets alone result in a

poorly fitted regression model of insurance claims, but the inclusion of physical features (e.g., power outages, wind

level) and socio-economic factors (e.g., population density, education, Internet access) improves the model?s fit.

Such models contribute to the knowledge base that may allow social media to predict damage in real-time.
Address Stanford University, United States of America
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1955
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Author Marion Lara Tan; Raj Prasanna; Kristin Stock; Emma Hudson-Doyle; Graham Leonard; David Johnston
Title Enhancing the usability of a disaster app: exploring the perspective of the public as users Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords usability inquiry, mobile application, disasters, alerts, public perspective
Abstract Limited research has studied how citizens? perspectives as end-users can contribute to improving the usability of disaster apps. This study addresses this gap by exploring end-user insights with the use of a conceptual disaster app in the New Zealand (NZ) context. NZ has multiple public alerting authorities that have various technological options in delivering information to the population?s mobile devices; including social media platforms, apps, as well as the Emergency Mobile Alert system. However, during critical events, the multiplicity of information may become overwhelming. A disaster app, conceptualised in the NZ context, aims to aggregate, organise, and deliver information from official sources to the public. After the initial conceptual design, a usability inquiry was administered by interviewing members of the public. Partial results of the inquiry show that the public?s perspective has value; in the process of understanding the new user?s viewpoint, usability highlights and issues are identified.
Address Massey University, New Zealand;GNS Science, New Zealand
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number ISCRAM @ idladmin @ Serial 1946
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Author Thomas Spielhofer; Anna Sophie Hahne; Christian Reuter; Marc-André Kaufhold; Stefka Schmid
Title Social Media Use in Emergencies of Citizens in the United Kingdom Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Emergencies; social media; Twitter; Facebook; representative study
Abstract People use social media in various ways including looking for or sharing information during crises or emergencies

(e.g. floods, storms, terrorist attacks). Few studies have focused on European citizens? perceptions, and just one

has deployed a representative sample to examine this. This article presents the results of one of the first

representative studies on this topic conducted in the United Kingdom. The study shows that around a third (34%)

have used social media during an emergency and that such use is more widespread among younger people. In

contrast, the main reasons for not using social media in an emergency include technological concerns and that the

trustworthiness of social media content is doubtful. However, there is a growing trend towards increased use. The

article deduces and explores implications of these findings, including problems potentially arising with more

citizens sharing information on social media during emergencies and expecting a response.
Address Technische Universität Darmstadt, Science and Technology for Peace and Security (PEASEC), Germany;The Tavistock Institute of Human Relations (TIHR)
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1849
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Author Xukun Li; Doina Caragea; Cornelia Caragea; Muhammad Imran; Ferda Ofli
Title Identifying Disaster Damage Images Using a Domain Adaptation Approach Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords image classification, disaster damage, domain adaptation, domain adversarial neural networks.
Abstract Approaches for effectively filtering useful situational awareness information posted by eyewitnesses of disasters,

in real time, are greatly needed. While many studies have focused on filtering textual information, the research

on filtering disaster images is more limited. In particular, there are no studies on the applicability of domain

adaptation to filter images from an emergent target disaster, when no labeled data is available for the target disaster.

To fill in this gap, we propose to apply a domain adaptation approach, called domain adversarial neural networks

(DANN), to the task of identifying images that show damage. The DANN approach has VGG-19 as its backbone,

and uses the adversarial training to find a transformation that makes the source and target data indistinguishable.

Experimental results on several pairs of disasters suggest that the DANN model generally gives similar or better

results as compared to the VGG-19 model fine-tuned on the source labeled data.
Address Department of Computer Science, Kansas State University, United States of America;Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America;Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1853
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Author Valerio Lorini; Carlos Castillo; Francesco Dottori; Milan Kalas; Domenico Nappo; Peter Salamon
Title Integrating Social Media into a Pan-European Flood Awareness System: A Multilingual Approach Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Social Media, Disaster Risk Management, Flood Risk
Abstract This paper describes a prototype system that integrates social media analysis into the European Flood Awareness

System (EFAS). This integration allows the collection of social media data to be automatically triggered by flood

risk warnings determined by a hydro-meteorological model. Then, we adopt a multi-lingual approach to find

flood-related messages by employing two state-of-the-art methodologies: language-agnostic word embeddings

and language-aligned word embeddings. Both approaches can be used to bootstrap a classifier of social media

messages for a new language with little or no labeled data. Finally, we describe a method for selecting relevant and

representative messages and displaying them back in the interface of EFAS.
Address European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy;Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain;KAJO, Slovakia
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1854
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Author Sooji Han; Fabio Ciravegna
Title Rumour Detection on Social Media for Crisis Management Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Rumours, large-scale data, event summarisation, sub-event detection, social media analysis
Abstract We address the problem of making sense of rumour evolution during crises and emergencies. We study how

understanding and capturing emerging rumours can benefit decision makers during such event. To this end, we

propose a two-step framework for detecting rumours during crises. In the first step, we introduce an algorithm to

identify noteworthy sub-events in real time. In the second step, we introduce a graph-based text ranking method

for summarising newsworthy sub-events while events unfold. We use temporal and content-based features to

achieve the effective and real-time response and management of crises situations. These features can improve

efficiency in the detection of key rumours in the context of a real-world application. The effectiveness of our

method is evaluated over large-scale Twitter data related to real-world crises. The results show that our framework

can efficiently and effectively capture key rumours circulated during natural and human-made disasters.
Address The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1860
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Author Amanda Langer; Marc-André Kaufhold; Elena Maria Runft; Christian Reuter; Margarita Grinko; Volkmar Pipek
Title Counter Narratives in Social Media: An Empirical Study on Combat and Prevention of Terrorism Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Counter Narratives, Online Campaign, Social Media, Terrorism, Radicalisation
Abstract With the increase of terrorist attacks and spreading extremism worldwide, countermeasures advance as well. Often

social media is used for recruitment and radicalization of susceptible target groups. Counter narratives are trying

to disclose the illusion created by radical and extremist groups through a purposive and educational counter

statement, and to initiate a rethinking in the affected individuals via thought-provoking impulses and advice. This

exploratory study investigates counter narrative campaigns with regard to their fight and prevention against

terrorism in social media. Posts with strong emotions and a personal reference to affected individuals achieved

the highest impact and most reactions from the target group. Furthermore, our results illustrate that the impact of

a counter narrative campaign cannot be measured solely according to the reaction rate to their postings and that

further analysis steps are therefore necessary for the final evaluation of the campaigns.
Address University of Siegen, Institute for Information Systems, Germany;Technische Universität Darmstadt, Science and Technology for Peace and Security (PEASEC), Germany
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1861
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Author Steven Sheetz; Andrea Kavanaugh; Edward Fox; Riham Hassan; Seungwon Yang; Mohamed Magdy; Shoemaker Donald
Title Information Uses and Gratifications Related to Crisis: Student Perceptions since the Egyptian Uprising Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Uses and gratifications theory; information sources; Internet; social media; structural equation modeling
Abstract People use diverse sources of information, e.g., newspapers, TV, Internet news, social media, and face-to-face

conversations, to make sense of crises. We apply uses and gratifications theory (UGT) and structural equation

modeling to illustrate how using internet-based information sources since the political uprisings in Egypt influence

perceptions of information satisfaction. Consistent with expectations we find that content and process gratifications

constructs combine to explain information satisfaction, while social gratifications do not significantly influence

satisfaction in the context of a crisis. This suggests that UGT is useful for evaluating the use of information

technology in a context where information is limited in quantity and reliability.
Address Virginia Tech, United States of America;Microsoft;Louisiana State University;Arab Academy of Science and Technology
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1862
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Author Liuqing Li; Edward A. Fox
Title Understanding patterns and mood changes through tweets about disasters Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Disaster, Pattern, User Classification, Mood Detection, Twitter
Abstract We analyzed a sample of large tweet collections gathered since 2011, to expand understanding about tweeting

patterns and emotional responses of different types of tweeters regarding disasters. We selected three examples for

each of four disaster types: school shooting, bombing, earthquake, and hurricane. For each collection, we deployed

our novel model TwiRole for user classification, and an existing deep learning model for mood detection. We

found differences in the daily tweet count patterns, between the different types of events. Likewise, there were

different average scores and patterns of moods (fear, sadness, surprise), both between types of events, and between

events of the same type. Further, regarding surprise and fear, there were differences among roles of tweeters. These

results suggest the value of further exploration as well as hypothesis testing with our hundreds of event and trend

related tweet collections, considering indications in those that reflect emotional responses to disasters.
Address Virginia Tech, United States of America
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1863
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Author Richard McCreadie; Cody Buntain; Ian Soboroff
Title TREC Incident Streams: Finding Actionable Information on Social Media Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Emergency Management, Crisis Informatics, Real-time, Twitter, Categorization
Abstract The Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) Incident Streams track is a new initiative that aims to mature social

media-based emergency response technology. This initiative advances the state of the art in this area through an

evaluation challenge, which attracts researchers and developers from across the globe. The 2018 edition of the track

provides a standardized evaluation methodology, an ontology of emergency-relevant social media information types,

proposes a scale for information criticality, and releases a dataset containing fifteen test events and approximately

20,000 labeled tweets. Analysis of this dataset reveals a significant amount of actionable information on social

media during emergencies (> 10%). While this data is valuable for emergency response efforts, analysis of the

39 state-of-the-art systems demonstrate a performance gap in identifying this data. We therefore find the current

state-of-the-art is insufficient for emergency responders? requirements, particularly for rare actionable information

for which there is little prior training data available.
Address University of Glasgow, United Kingdom;New York University, USA;National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1867
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Author Sara Barozzi; Jose Luis Fernandez Marquez; Amudha Ravi Shankar; Barbara Pernici
Title Filtering images extracted from social media in the response phase of emergency events Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords rapid mapping, floods, information extraction, filtering, crowdsourcing
Abstract The use of social media to support emergency operators in the first hours of the response phases can improve the

quality of the information available and awareness on ongoing emergency events. Social media contain both textual

and visual information, in the form of pictures and videos. The problem related to the use of social media posts

as a source of information during emergencies lies in the difficulty of selecting the relevant information among

a very large amount of irrelevant information. In particular, we focus on the extraction of images relevant to an

event for rapid mapping purpose. In this paper, a set of possible filters is proposed and analyzed with the goal of

selecting useful images from posts and of evaluating how precision and recall are impacted. Filtering techniques,

which include both automated and crowdsourced steps, have the goal of providing better quality posts and easy

manageable data volumes both to emergency responders and rapid mapping operators. The impact of the filters on

precision and recall in extracting relevant images is discussed in the paper in two different case studies.
Address Politecnico di Milano;University of Geneva
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1881
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Author Yuya Shibuya; Hideyuki Tanaka
Title Detecting Disaster Recovery Activities via Social Media Communication Topics Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Social Media, Topic modeling, Socio-economic recovery, Used-car demand, Housing demand.
Abstract Enhancing situational awareness by mining social media has been widely studied, but little work has been done

focusing on recovery phases. To provide evidence to support the possibility of harnessing social media as a sensor

of recovery activities, we examine the correlations between topic frequencies on Twitter and people?s socioeconomic

recovery activities as reflected in the excess demand for used cars and housing, after the Great East

Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011. Our research suggests that people in the disaster-stricken area

communicated more about recovery and disaster damages when they needed to purchase used cars, while the nonlocal

population communicated more about going to and supporting the disaster-stricken area. On the other hand,

regarding the excess demand for housing, when the local population of the disaster-stricken area started to resettle,

they communicated their opinions more than in other periods about disaster-related situations.
Address The University of Tokyo, Japan
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1889
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Author Firoj Alam; Ferda Ofli; Muhammad Imran
Title CrisisDPS: Crisis Data Processing Services Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Social media, humanitarian data processing, text classification, application programming interfaces, data processing services
Abstract Over the last few years, extensive research has been conducted to develop technologies to support humanitarian aid

tasks. However, many technologies are still limited as they require both manual and automatic approaches, and

more importantly, are not ready to be integrated into the disaster response workflows. To tackle this limitation, we

develop automatic data processing services that are freely and publicly available, and made to be simple, efficient,

and accessible to non-experts. Our services take textual messages (e.g., tweets, Facebook posts, SMS) as input to

determine (i) which disaster type the message belongs to, (ii) whether it is informative or not, and (iii) what type of

humanitarian information it conveys. We built our services upon machine learning classifiers that are obtained from

large-scale comparative experiments utilizing both classical and deep learning algorithms. Our services outperform

state-of-the-art publicly available tools in terms of classification accuracy.
Address Qatar Computing Research Institute, Qatar
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1891
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Author Rob Grace; Shane Halse; Jess Kropczynski; Andrea Tapia; Fred Fonseca
Title Integrating Social Media in Emergency Dispatch via Distributed Sensemaking Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords sensemaking, emergency dispatch, social media, role play
Abstract Emergency dispatchers typically answer 911 calls and relay information to first responders; however, new workflows arise when social media analysts are included in emergency dispatch work. In this study we examine emergency dispatch workflows as distributed sensemaking processes performed among 911 call takers, dispatchers, and social media analysts during simulated emergency dispatch operations. In active shooter and water rescue scenarios, emergency dispatch teams including call takers, dispatchers, and social media analysts make sense of unfolding events by analyzing, aggregating, and synthesizing information provided by 911 callers and social media users during each scenario. Findings from the simulations inform design requirements for social media analysis tools that can help analysts detect, seek, and analyze information posted on social media during a crisis, and protocols for coordinating analysts? sensemaking activities with those of 911 call takers and dispatchers in reconfigured emergency dispatch workflows.
Address Pennsylvania State University, United States of America;University of Cincinnati, United States of America
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1897
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Author Shane Errol Halse; Rob Grace; Jess Kropczynski; Andrea Tapia
Title Simulating real-time Twitter data from historical datasets Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Twitter, Simulation, Crisis Response, Social Media
Abstract In this paper, we will discuss a system design for simulating social media data based on historical datasets. While many datasets containing data collected from social media during crisis have become publicly available, there is a lack of tools or systems can present this data on the same timeline as it was originally posted. Through the design and use of the tool discussed in this paper, we show how historical datasets can be used for algorithm testing, such as those used in machine learning, to improve the quality of the data. In addition, the use of simulated data also has its benefits in training scenarios, which would allow participants to see real, non-fabricated social media messages in the same temporal manner as found on a social media platform. Lastly, we will discuss the positive reception and future improvements suggested by 911 Public Service Answering Point (PSAP) professionals.
Address PSU, United States of America;University of Cincinnati
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1898
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Author Yingjie Li; Seoyeon Park; Cornelia Caragea; Doina Caragea; Andrea Tapia
Title Sympathy Detection in Disaster Twitter Data Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Word Embedding, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Sympathy Tweets Detection
Abstract Nowadays, micro-blogging sites such as Twitter have become powerful tools for communicating with others in

various situations. Especially in disaster events, these sites can be the best platforms for seeking or providing social

support, of which informational support and emotional support are the most important types. Sympathy, a sub-type

of emotional support, is an expression of one?s compassion or sorrow for a difficult situation that another person

is facing. Providing sympathy to people affected by a disaster can help change people?s emotional states from

negative to positive emotions, and hence, help them feel better. Moreover, detecting sympathy contents in Twitter

can potentially be used for finding candidate donors since the emotion ?sympathy? is closely related to people who

may be willing to donate. Thus, in this paper, as a starting point, we focus on detecting sympathy-related tweets.

We address this task using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with refined word embeddings. Specifically, we

propose a refined word embedding technique in terms of various pre-trained word vector models and show great

performance of CNNs that use these refined embeddings in the sympathy tweet classification task. We also report

experimental results showing that the CNNs with the refined word embeddings outperform not only traditional

machine learning techniques, such as Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines and AdaBoost with conventional

feature sets as bags of words, but also Long Short-Term Memory Networks.
Address University of Illinois at Chicago, United States of America;Kansas State University, United States of America;Pennsylvania State University, United States of America
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1899
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Author Starr Roxanne Hiltz; Amanda Hughes; Muhammad Imran; Linda Plotnick; Robert Power; Murray Turoff
Title Requirements for Software to Support the use of Social Media in Emergency Management: A Delphi Study Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Social media, emergency management, crisis informatics, software requirements, Delphi method
Abstract Social Media contain a wealth of information that could improve the situational awareness of Emergency Managers during a crisis, but many barriers stand in the way. These include information overload, making it impossible to deal with the flood of raw posts, and lack of trust in unverified crowdsourced data. The purpose of this project is to build a communications bridge between emergency responders and technologists who can provide the advances needed to realize social media?s full potential. We are employing a Delphi study survey design, which is a technique for exploring and developing consensus among a group of experts around a particular topic. Participants include emergency managers and technologists with experience in software to support the use of social media in crisis response, from many countries. The topics of the study are described and preliminary, partial results presented for Round 1 of the study, based on 33 responses.
Address NJIT, United States of America;Brigham Young U.;Qatar Computing Research Inst.;Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1906
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Author Jens Kersten; Anna Kruspe; Matti Wiegmann; Friederike Klan
Title Robust filtering of crisis-related tweets Type Conference Article
Year 2019 Publication Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management Abbreviated Journal Iscram 2019
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Filtering, Convolutional Neural Networks, Natural Disasters, Twitter, Model Transferability
Abstract Social media enables fast information exchange and status reporting during crises. Filtering is usually required to

identify the small fraction of social media stream data related to events. Since deep learning has recently shown to

be a reliable approach for filtering and analyzing Twitter messages, a Convolutional Neural Network is examined for

filtering crisis-related tweets in this work. The goal is to understand how to obtain accurate and robust filtering

models and how model accuracies tend to behave in case of new events. In contrast to other works, the application

to real data streams is also investigated. Motivated by the observation that machine learning model accuracies

highly depend on the used data, a new comprehensive and balanced compilation of existing data sets is proposed.

Experimental results with this data set provide valuable insights. Preliminary results from filtering a data stream

recorded during hurricane Florence in September 2018 confirm our results.
Address German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany;Bauhaus-Universität Weimar
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Iscram Place of Publication Valencia, Spain Editor Franco, Z.; González, J.J.; Canós, J.H.
Language English Summary Language English Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2411-3387 ISBN 978-84-09-10498-7 Medium
Track (up) T8- Social Media in Crises and Conflicts Expedition Conference 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM 2019)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1909
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