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	Author	Patrick Storms
	Title	Combined systems: A system of systems architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2004 – 1st International Workshop on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2004
	Volume		Issue		Pages	139-144
	Keywords	Decision making; Information systems; Multi agent systems; Crisis management; Current situation; Decision supports; Distributed decision support systems; Distributed systems architectures; Key technologies; Making decision; System-of-systems architecture; Decision support systems
	Abstract	Combined Systems is aimed at exploring distributed decision support systems in open, complex chaotic environments. On a general scale, Combined is all about decision-making: observing the environment, making decisions and effectuating these to manage the current situation. Crisis management is a typical domain in which Combined-type systems can prove their value. For this reason the Combined project uses crisis management as primary case-domain. In this paper we highlight the key technologies that are subject of the Combined research, and we describe them in the light of crisis management. Â© Proceedings ISCRAM 2004.
	Address	Delft Cooperation on Intelligent Systems (DECIS), Delftechpark 24, 2628 XH Delft, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971080	Medium
	Track	Emergency Response ICT	Expedition		Conference	1st International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	211
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	Author	Ola Leifler; Johan Jenvald
	Title	Critique and visualization as decision support for mass-casualty emergency management			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	155-159
	Keywords	Civil defense; Decision support systems; Disasters; Expert systems; Information systems; Visualization; Critical constraints; Critique; Decision supports; Domain knowledge; Emergency management; Emergency situation; Planning problem; Visual cues; Risk management
	Abstract	Emergency management in highly dynamic situations consists of exploring options to solve a planning problem. This task can be supported through the use of visual cues that are based on domain knowledge of the current domain. We present an approach to use visualization of critical constraints in timelines and hierarchical views as decision support in mass-casualty emergency situations.
	Address	Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings Universitet, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; VSL Research Labs, P.O. Box 15012, SE-580 15 Linköping, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	685
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	Author	Adriaan ter Mors; Jeroen M. Valk; Cees Witteveen
	Title	An event-based task framework for disaster planning and decision support			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	151-153
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Decision supports; Disaster plan; Disaster planning; Emergency response; Events; Mathematical frameworks; Support systems; Task framework; Emergency services
	Abstract	Because of the apparent ineffectiveness of current disaster plans, we focus our research on modeling emergency response activities. If we can capture the crucial concepts of emergency response in a mathematical framework and apply this framework to construct disaster plans, then we pave the way for the development of automated decisions support systems for emergency response.
	Address	Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	787
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	Author	Chris Murphy; Doug Phair; Courtney Aquilina
	Title	A prototype multi-modal decision support architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	135-137
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Information systems; Internet telephony; Crisis response; Decision support tools; Decision supports; Instant messaging; Multi-modal; Multimodal communications; Prototype implementations; Voice over IP; Network architecture
	Abstract	This paper presents the design of a decision support tool for crisis response applications. We propose a system to replace emergency contact calling trees with a multi-modal personnel contact architecture. This architecture consists of a centralized notification framework using existing enterprise e-mail, Web site, instant messaging, and voice over IP (VOIP) infrastructure. Response and audit data is collected and stored for analysis, and can be reviewed using a variety of methods in real time. Details of our prototype implementation are discussed. Specifically, we address multi-modal communication techniques and their benefits, enterprise deployment challenges, and opportunities for further research.
	Address	MITRE Corporation, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	POSTER SESSION	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	799
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	Author	Jan Maarten Schraagen; Aletta Eikelboom; Kees Van Dongen; Guido Te Brake
	Title	Experimental evaluation of a critical thinking tool to support decision making in crisis situations			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	181-189
	Keywords	Accidents; Decision support systems; Information systems; Crisis management; Crisis situations; Critical thinking; Decision making process; Decision supports; Experimental evaluation; Laboratory experiments; Situation awareness; Decision making
	Abstract	Building up proper situation awareness is one of the most difficult tasks in the beginning stages of large-scale accidents. As ambiguous information about the events becomes available, decision makers are often tempted to quickly choose a particular story to explain the events. Subsequent information that contradicts the initial story may easily be discarded and cognitive tunnel vision takes over. Our approach, as part of the COMBINED Systems project, is to prevent tunnel vision by providing critical thinking support. In a laboratory experiment with 60 participants, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the Critical Thinking tool with a 'no support' control condition and a 'minimal support' condition. Participants acted as crisis managers determining the likely cause of an accident based on different pieces of information. The results show a positive impact of the tool on both the decision making process and decision making effectiveness.
	Address	TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	925
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	Author	Mark F. Taylor; Russell J. Graves
	Title	Adaptive risk-readiness decision support for infrastructure protection			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	161-169
	Keywords	Flow visualization; Information systems; Resource allocation; Risk assessment; Risk management; Visualization; Adaptive decision making; Collaboration; Decision support interfaces; Decision supports; Dynamic decision; Emergency management; Infrastructure protection; Readiness assessment; Decision support systems
	Abstract	This paper presents a system concept for integrating the mass of information critical to infrastructure protection operations. Our main focus and contribution lies in (1) coupling risk assessments into a dynamic decision support process, and (2) providing a collaboration and visualization decision support interface for representing complex and changing infrastructure protection information. The system concept supports adaptive decision making based upon dynamic risk and readiness assessments. Users benefit from having a more comprehensive and up-to-date risk picture on which to base their judgments.
	Address	MITRE Corporation, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	998
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	Author	Rene Windhouwer; Gerdien A. Klunder; F.M. Sanders
	Title	Decision support system emergency planning, creating evacuation strategies in the event of flooding			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Proceedings of ISCRAM 2005 – 2nd International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2005
	Volume		Issue		Pages	171-180
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Behavioral research; Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Information systems; Oil well flooding; Risk perception; Traffic control; Decision support system (dss); Decision supports; Emergency planning; Evacuation; Evacuation strategy; Extreme weather; River flooding; Traffic flow; Floods
	Abstract	The Decision Support System (DSS) Emergency Planning is designed for use in the event of sea or river flooding. It makes accessible all the information related to the decision whether to evacuate an area. An important factor in this decision is the time required for the evacuation. The model used by the DSS Emergency Planning system to estimate the time required employs a strategy that prevents congestion on the road network in the area at risk. The use of the DSS Emergency Planning system during the proactive and prevention phases enables disaster containment organisations to prepare better for a flood situation. Moreover, all relevant information is saved and is therefore available for the post-disaster evaluation. The DSS Emergency Planning system can play a significant role in ensuring that the evacuation of an area at risk goes according to plan. In the future the DSS Emergency Planning system can also be used to evacuate people in the event of a nuclear, natural fire or extreme weather disaster.
	Address	Ingenieursbureau Oranjewoud, Netherlands; TNO Inro, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium	Place of Publication	Brussels	Editor	B. Van de Walle, B. Carle
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9076971099	Medium
	Track	DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS	Expedition		Conference	2nd International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1094
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	Author	Hagen Engelmann; Frank Fiedrich
	Title	Decision support for the members of an emergency operation centre after an earthquake			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	317-326
	Keywords	Decision making; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Human computer interaction; Intelligent agents; Multi agent systems; Collaborative research; Complex environments; Decision making process; Decision supports; Emergency operations; Optimal resource allocation; RPD model; User friendly interface; Decision support systems
	Abstract	The first three days after an earthquake disaster demand good decisions in a very complex environment. Members of emergency operation centres (EOC) have to make decisions with limited information and under high time pressure. But the first 72 hours of disaster response activities are essential to minimize loss of life. Within the interdisciplinary German Collaborative Research Center 461: “Strong Earthquakes: A Challenge for Geosciences and Civil Engineering” a so-called Disaster Management Tool (DMT) is under development which presents some ideas for appropriate solutions to this problem. One module of the DMT will provide decision-support for the members of an EOC based on the Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) model, a description of the decision-making process of persons in real-world settings. Options for a reasonable computer-based decision support for the RPD process will be discussed. For this the system combines a simulation of the disaster environment with a multi-agent system (MAS). The simulation shows the results of different decisions so the decision-makers can evaluate them. The MAS calculates a solution for optimal resource allocation taking into account current available information. The goal of the ongoing work is to integrate these instruments into a user-friendly interface considering the real life needs of decision-makers in an EOC.
	Address	Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	477
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	Author	John R. Harrald; Theresa I. Jefferson; Frank Fiedrich; Sebnem Sener; Clinton Mixted-Freeman
	Title	A first step in decision support tools for humanitarian assistance during catastrophic disasters: Modeling hazard generated needs			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	51-56
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Disasters; Hazards; Catastrophic earthquake; Catastrophic event; Decision support tools; Decision supports; Emergency responders; Humanitarian assistances; Humanitarian relief; Paper documents; Decision support systems
	Abstract	The US has not yet developed adequate models for estimating hazard generated needs, the necessary first step for developing useful decision support systems needed to estimate the capability and capacity of the response forces required. Modeling and technology required to support the decisions made by humanitarian relief organizations requires scenario driven catastrophic planning. This paper documents the lack of effective decision support tools and systems for humanitarian aid and describes the current state of models and methods used for determination of hazard generated needs. The paper discusses work performed on a catastrophic earthquake preparedness project. It outlines how the results of this project will be used to advance the modeling and decision support capabilities of federal, state and local disaster planners and emergency responders.
	Address	George Washington University (GWU), Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management (ICDRM), United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	HOPS	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	561
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	Author	Johan Jenvald; Michael Morin; Toomas Timpka; Henrik Eriksson
	Title	Simulation as decision support in pandemic influenza preparedness and response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	295-304
	Keywords	Decision making; International cooperation; Models; Population statistics; Decision supports; Local community; Pandemic influenza; Preparedness; Response; Simulation; Workflow; Decision support systems
	Abstract	Outbreak of a destructive pandemic influenza threatens to disrupt societies worldwide. International agencies and national governments have prepared plans and recommendations, but it is often decision-makers with the local authorities that are responsible for implementing the response. A central issue for these decision makers is what interventions are available and effective for the specific local community. The paper presents a simulator architecture and its relation to a workflow for decision support in influenza preparedness and response. The simulator can simulate pandemic scenarios, using localized community models, in the presence of various interventions to support an evaluation of potential response strategies. The architecture includes a customized modeling tool, separated from the simulation engine, which facilitates swift scenario modification and recalculation. This flexibility is essential both to explore alternative solutions in planning, and to adapt to changing requirements, information, and resources in outbreak response. An example simulation, based on actual population data from a reference city, illustrates the approach.
	Address	VSL Research Labs, Linköping, Sweden; Dept. of Social Medicine and Public Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	628
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	Author	David Mendonça; Yao Hu; Qing Gu
	Title	Cognitive-level support for improvisation in emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	489-496
	Keywords	Computer simulation; Decision support systems; Cognitive model; Computational model; Computer-based support; Decision supports; Emergency response; Improvisation; Simulation platform; Training exercise; Emergency services
	Abstract	Improvisation-serial and purposeful creativity, exercised under time constraint-is an intensely cognitive endeavor. Accordingly, supporting improvisation requires an understanding of the underlying cognitive processes and an identification of opportunities for support. This paper reports on the development of cognitively-grounded computer-based support for improvisation in a simulated emergency response situation. The application is a computational model which attends to traces of group decision processes, analyzes them, and attempts to achieve fit between its own intentions and those of the group. The current architecture and functioning of the model are discussed, along with an overview of the simulation platform. Current and future workin the areas of model validation and evaluation is described. The results of this work strongly suggest that model-based support for improvisation is possible, but that for the time being will be restricted to synthetic situations, of the kind often used in training exercises.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	IMPR	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	765
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	Author	Stephen Potter; Yannis Kalfoglou; Harith Alani; Michelle Bachler; Simon Buckingham Shum; Rodrigo Carvalho; Ajay Chakravarthy; Stuart Chalmers; Sam Chapman; Beibei Hu; Alun Preece; Nigel Shadbolt; Austin Tate; Mischa Tuffield
	Title	The application of advanced knowledge technologies for emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	361-368
	Keywords	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Decision supports; Emergency response; Intelligent messaging; Semantic technologies; Sensemaking; Emergency services
	Abstract	Making sense of the current state of an emergency and of the response to it is vital if appropriate decisions are to be made. This task involves the acquisition, interpretation and management of information. In this paper we present an integrated system that applies recent ideas and technologies from the fields of Artificial Intelligence and semantic web research to support sense-and decision-making at the tactical response level, and demonstrate it with reference to a hypothetical large-scale emergency scenario. We offer no end-user evaluation of this system; rather, we intend that it should serve as a visionary demonstration of the potential of these technologies for emergency response.
	Address	University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Southampton, United Kingdom; Open University, United Kingdom; University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	852
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	Author	Alexander Smirnov; Mikhail Pashkin; Nikolay Shilov; Tatiana Levashova
	Title	Intelligent support of context-based megadisaster management: Hybrid technology and case study			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	305-316
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Hurricanes; Constraint Satisfaction; Context management; Decision supports; Humanitarian logistics; Hybrid technology; Intelligent decision making; Intelligent support; Ontology management; Decision making
	Abstract	The situation with the hurricane Katrina showed that the conventional tiered response to disaster event, whereby state and local officials are responsible for the first few days, does not work well in case of megadisasters (massive hurricanes, earthquakes, large-scale acts of terrorism, etc.). Such situations require application of new technologies for preparing the operation, interoperability between the operation participants, and decision support for officials. Here presented approach proposes a context-driven decision support schema based on integration of such technologies as context & ontology management and constraint satisfaction. The application of the approach is illustrated via a case study of a portable hospital arrangement.
	Address	St.Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, Russian Federation
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	ASCM	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	958
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	Author	Connie White; Murray Turoff; Bartel A. Van De Walle
	Title	A dynamic delphi process utilizing a modified thurstone scaling method: Collaborative judgement in emergency response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Intelligent Human Computer Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM 2007 Academic Proceedings Papers	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2007
	Volume		Issue		Pages	7-15
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Time series; Collaboration; Decision supports; Delphi; Emergency response systems; Group support systems; Incomplete data; Judgment; Paired comparison; Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment; Ubiquitous; Emergency services
	Abstract	In an extreme event or major disaster, very often there are both alternative actions that might be considered and far more requests for actions than can be executed immediately. The relative desirability of each option for action could be a collaborative expression of a significant number of emergency managers and experts trying to manage the most desirable alternatives at any given time, in real time. Delphi characteristics can satisfy these needs given that anyone can vote or change their vote on any two options, and voting and scaling are used to promote a group understanding. Further utilized with Thurstone's Law of Comparative Judgment, a group decision or the range of acceptability a group is willing to consent to, can be calculated and utilized as a means of producing the best decision. A ubiquitous system for expeditious real-time decision making by large virtual teams in emergency response environments is described.
	Address	New Jersey Institute of Technology, United States; Tilburg University, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Delft	Editor	B. Van de Walle, P. Burghardt, K. Nieuwenhuis
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789054874171; 9789090218717	Medium
	Track	GENE	Expedition		Conference	4th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1082
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	Author	Tina Comes; Michael Hiete; Niek Wijngaards; Masja Kempen
	Title	Integrating scenario-based reasoning into multi-criteria decision analysis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2009
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Information systems; Chemical incidents; Crisis management; Decision supports; Environmental crisis; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Real-world scenario; Scenario-based; Uncertainties; Environmental management
	Abstract	Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a technique for decision support which aims at providing transparent and coherent support for complex decision situations taking into account subjective preferences of the decision makers. However, MCDA does not foresee an analysis of multiple plausible future developments of a given situation. In contrast, scenario-based reasoning (SBR) is frequently used to assess future developments on the longer term. The ability to discuss multiple plausible future developments provides a rationale for strategic plans and actions. Nevertheless, SBR lacks an in-depth performance evaluation of the considered actions. This paper explores the integration of both techniques that combines their respective strengths as well as their application in environmental crisis management. The proposed methodology is illustrated by an environmental incident example. Future work is to conduct validations on the basis of real-world scenarios by public Dutch and Danish chemical incident crisis management authorities.
	Address	Institute for Industrial Production, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Germany; Thales Research and Technology, D-CIS Lab, Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Gothenburg	Editor	J. Landgren, S. Jul
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789163347153	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	407
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	Author	Jill L. Drury; Loretta More; Mark Pfaff; Gary L. Klein
	Title	A principled method of scenario design for testing emergency response decision-making			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2009
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Costs; Decision making; Decision support systems; Design; Experiments; Information systems; Decision supports; Emergency operations; Experiment design; Principled ambiguity method; Rdm; Robust decision-making; Scenario design; Emergency services
	Abstract	We are investigating decision aids that present potential courses of action available to emergency responders. To determine whether these aids improve decision quality, however, we first developed test scenarios that were challenging in well-understood ways to ensure testing under the full breadth of representative decision-making situations. We devised a three-step method of developing scenarios: define the decision space, determine the cost components of each decision's potential consequences based on the principles of Robust Decision Making, then choose conflicting pairs of cost components (e.g., a small fire, implying low property damage, in a densely inhabited area, which implies high personal injury). In a validation of this approach, experiment participants made decisions faster in non-ambiguous cases versus cases that included this principled introduction of ambiguity. Our Principled Ambiguity Method of scenario design is also appropriate for other domains as long as they can be analyzed in terms of costs of decision alternatives.
	Address	MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA, United States; Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States; Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States; MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Gothenburg	Editor	J. Landgren, S. Jul
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789163347153	Medium
	Track	Research Methods	Expedition		Conference	6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	457
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	Author	Hagen Engelmann; Frank Fiedrich
	Title	DMT-EOC – A combined system for the decision support and training of EOC members			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2009
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Decision making; Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Human computer interaction; Information systems; Multi agent systems; User interfaces; Collapsed buildings; Decision supports; Disaster management; Earthquake disaster; Emergency operations; Naturalistic decision-making; Operation research; Programming interface; Personnel training
	Abstract	The first hours after a disaster are essential to minimizing the loss of life. The chance for survival in the debris of a collapsed building for example decreases considerably after 72 hours. However the available information in the first hours after a disaster is limited, uncertain and dynamically changing. A goal in the development of the Disaster Management Tool (DMT) was to support the management of this situation. Its module DMT-EOC specifically deals with problems of the members in an emergency operation centre (EOC) by providing a training environment for computer based table top exercises and assistance during earthquake disasters. The system is based on a flexible and extendible architecture that integrates different concepts and programming interfaces. It contains a simulation for training exercises and the evaluation of decisions during disaster response. A decision support implemented as a multi-agent system (MAS) combines operation research approaches and rule-base evaluation for advice giving and criticising user decisions. The user interface is based on a workflow model which mixes naturalistic with analytic decision-making. The paper gives an overview of the models behind the system components, describes their implementation, and the testing of the resulting system.
	Address	Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Karlsruhe University, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Gothenburg	Editor	J. Landgren, S. Jul
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789163347153	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems	Expedition		Conference	6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	476
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	Author	Michael Hiete; Mirjam Merz
	Title	An indicator framework to assess the vulnerability of industrial sectors against indirect disaster losses			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2009
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Decision making; Decision support systems; Disasters; Indicators (instruments); Information systems; Business continuity planning; Crisis management; Decision supports; Indicator frameworks; Industrial production; Information sharing; Mitigation measures; Vulnerability assessments; Information management
	Abstract	Natural and man-made hazards may affect industrial production sites by both direct losses (due to physical damage to assets and buildings) and indirect losses (production losses). Indirect losses, e.g. from production downtimes, can exceed direct losses multiple times. Thus, the vulnerability of industrial sectors to indirect losses is an important component of risk and its determination is an important part within risk analysis. In this paper a conceptual indicator framework is presented which allows to assess the indirect vulnerability of industrial sectors to different types of disasters in a quantitative manner. The results are useful for information sharing and decision making in crisis management and emergency planning (mitigation measures, business continuity planning), since the developed indicator system helps to take the complex phenomenon of industrial vulnerability and the underlying interdependencies into account. Besides the identification and conceptual motivation of the indicators, methodical aspects such as standardization, weighting and aggregation are addressed.
	Address	Institute for Industrial Production, University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany; Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technologies (CEDIM), Institute for Industrial Production, University of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Gothenburg	Editor	J. Landgren, S. Jul
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789163347153	Medium
	Track	Open Track	Expedition		Conference	6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	579
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	Author	Gerhard Wickler; George Beckett; Liangxiu Han; Sung Han Koo; Stephen Potter; Gavin Pringle; Austin Tate
	Title	Using simulation for decision support: Lessons learned from FireGrid			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	ISCRAM 2009 – 6th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management: Boundary Spanning Initiatives and New Perspectives	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2009
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Data acquisition; Information systems; Decision supports; Emergency responders; High-performance computing; Model-based simulations; Sensor data; Time simulations; Decision support systems
	Abstract	This paper describes some of the lessons learned from the FireGrid project. It starts with a brief overview of the project. The discussion of the lessons learned that follows is intended for others attempting to develop a similar system, where sensor data is used to steer a super-real time simulation in order to generate predictions that will provide decision support for emergency responders.
	Address	Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; EPCC, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; NeSC, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; SEE, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; AIAI, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM	Place of Publication	Gothenburg	Editor	J. Landgren, S. Jul
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9789163347153	Medium
	Track	Intelligent Systems	Expedition		Conference	6th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1087
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	Author	Ali Benssam; Nadia Nouali-Taboudjemat; Omar Nouali
	Title	Towards an It-based platform for disaster risks management in Algeria			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	72-77
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Information analysis; Information systems; Public risks; Collaboration; Collaborative framework; Decision supports; Disaster management; Disaster situations; Information sharing; Public awareness; Risk prevention; Disasters
	Abstract	Disaster management and risk prevention in Algeria have undergone many changes in the recent years. Important efforts have been provided on the legal and organizational sides to set the right conditions for an integrated and collaborative framework for disaster management in the country. The aim is to address the lack of information sharing, coordination and collaboration among the involved organizations. However, although the enhancement of the organizational arrangements, several problems persist mainly related to the implementation of these measures. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose an IT based platform in the field of risks prevention and disaster management (DM). This platform provides decision support, enables information sharing, helps to enhance public awareness regarding risks and disasters, supports communication and dissemination of information and alerts in disaster situations and facilitates the implementation of regulation related to disaster management.
	Address	High School of Computer Science ESI, Algiers, Algeria; Research Center of Scientific and Technical Information CERIST, Algiers, Algeria
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Coordination and Collaboration	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	306
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	Author	Tina Comes; Frank Schätter; Frank Schultmann
	Title	Building robust supply networks for effective and efficient disaster response			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	230-240
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Distribution of goods; Efficiency; Information systems; Optimization; Decision supports; Effectiveness; Humanitarian relief; Multi-criteria decision analysis; Optimisations; Supply networks; Emergency services
	Abstract	The effective and efficient distribution of relief goods is a key challenge in disaster management. Typically, adhoc supply networks (SNs) need to be built, in which various actors with different interests collaborate. Although information is sparse and highly uncertain, time for SN design is short, and important strategic decisions (e.g., location of facilities), whose revision requires investing substantial time, effort and resources, must be made promptly. This paper presents an iterative approach for the design of robust SNs that combines (i) an optimisation model to identify promising alternatives to be analysed in detail, (ii) a scenario-based approach to analyse the weaknesses of these alternatives and generate alternative solutions for comparison and benchmarking, and (iii) a decision support module for detailed comparisons and consensus building. By following the iterative approach, successively robust SNs are created to enable effective and efficient disaster response. We illustrate our approach by an example from the Haiti 2010 earthquake.
	Address	Institute for Industrial Production, KIT, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	404
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	Author	Philip Degener; Henning Gösling; Jutta Geldermann.
	Title	Decision support for the location planning in disaster areas using multi-criteria methods			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	278-283
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Disasters; Facilities; Information systems; Location; Societies and institutions; Decision supports; Emergency relief; Facility location models; Facility locations; Multi-criteria method; Personnel resources; Pre-positioning; Warehouse location; Emergency services
	Abstract	In this paper, a multi-criteria facility location model is represented. The model is meant to support relief organisations to determine the best warehouse location to stock emergency relief supplies in the pre-disaster phase of a natural disaster. As a result of the prepositioning of the goods the relief organisations are able to respond immediately to an occurring disaster. In consideration of a multiplicity of quantitative and qualitative objectives a criteria hierarchy is developed which can be adapted to any specific disaster area by omitting irrelevant goals. Afterwards the multi-criteria methods PROMETHEE I+II as well as different sensitivity analysis are described and the model is applied on a local level in a flood-prone area in Bangladesh. Small organisations with restrictive financial and personnel resources can especially benefit from the clear structure of the model and the user friendliness and high transparency of the PROMETHE I+II methods.
	Address	Dept. of Organization and Corporate Development, University of Göttingen, Germany; Dept. of Production and Logistics, University of Göttingen, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	439
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	Author	Jill L. Drury; Gary L. Klein; Jennifer Mathieu; Yikun Liu; Mark Pfaff
	Title	Sympathetic decisions: Incorporating impacts on others into emergency response decision spaces			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	199-209
	Keywords	Decision making; Decision support systems; Experiments; Information systems; Decision space; Decision supports; Emergency response; Instant messages; Public communications; Robust decisions; Situation awareness; Emergency services
	Abstract	We designed two decision support tools and employed them during a one-week, simulation-driven experiment that included emergency responders acting in their real-life roles. Each tool visualized a “decision space”: A diagrammatic depiction of the relative desirability of one option versus another, including the inherent uncertainty in the potential outcomes. One requirement was to develop a tool accounting for the impacts of decisions on others, so that emergency responders can make “sympathetic decisions.” For example, one decision space enabled responders to request resources from surrounding jurisdictions while also considering the potential negative effects on the lending organizations. Another decision space enabled responders to engage in a strategic dialogue with the public: “listening” to the public's greatest concerns by mining social media to measure emotion, and thereby suggesting strategic communications addressing those concerns. We report how we designed the decision spaces and the qualitative results of using these spaces during the experiment.
	Address	MITRE Corporation mitre.org, United States; Indiana University Indianapolis, United States
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Decision Support Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	456
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	Author	Jean-François Gagnon; François Couderc; Martin Rivest; Simon Banbury; Sébastien Tremblay
	Title	Using SYnRGY to support design and validation studies of emergency management solutions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	512-516
	Keywords	Civil defense; Decision support systems; Information systems; Iterative methods; Risk management; Decision supports; Emergency management; Emergency response; Emergency response systems; Emergency situation; Experimental control; Iterative cycles; Overall effectiveness; Disasters
	Abstract	Emergency management situations are highly complex and require the collaboration of multiple parties for adequate responses to incidents. The design and validation of effective emergency response systems is critical in order to improve the overall effectiveness of teams tasked to manage emergency situations. We report ongoing work whose objective is to increase the efficiency of emergency response solutions through iterative cycles of human in-the-loop simulation, modeling, and adaptation. Ultimately, this cycle could either be achieved offline for complex adaptation (e.g., development of a novel interface), or online to provide timely and accurate decision support during an emergency management event. The method is made possible by achieving a high degree of realism and experimental control through the use of an innovative emergency management simulation platform called SYnRGY.,Emergency Management, Emergency Response Systems, Simulation, System Design, Validation.
	Address	Co-DOT Laboratory, Université Laval, Canada; Thales Research and Technology, Canada; C3 Human Factors Consulting Inc., Canada
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Emergency Management Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	517
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	Author	Jürgen Moßgraber; Fernando Chaves; Stuart E. Middleton; Zlatko Zlatev; Ran Tao
	Title	The seven main challenges of an early warning system architecture			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	ISCRAM 2013 Conference Proceedings – 10th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management	Abbreviated Journal	ISCRAM 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	322-331
	Keywords	Decision support systems; Information systems; Middleware; Decision supports; Design decisions; Early warning; Early Warning System; Information sources; Simulation systems; System architectures; System-of-systems; Alarm systems
	Abstract	In this paper, we describe the work on the system architecture that is being developed in the EU FP7 project TRIDEC on “Collaborative, Complex and Critical Decision-Support in Evolving Crises”. One of the two decision support use cases in the project deals with Tsunami Early Warning. A modern warning system that follows a system-of-systems approach has to integrate various components and subsystems such as different information sources, services and simulation systems. Furthermore, it has to take into account the distributed and collaborative nature of warning systems. Working on the architecture of such a system, you need to deal with a lot of current computer science and information technology problems as well as state-of-the-art solutions from the areas of Big Data and Human Sensors. In this paper, we present the seven main challenges we needed to solve and describe the necessary design decisions we made to tackle them.
	Address	Fraunhofer IOSB, Germany; University of Southampton IT Innovation Centre, United Kingdom; Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie	Place of Publication	KIT; Baden-Baden	Editor	T. Comes, F. Fiedrich, S. Fortier, J. Geldermann and T. Müller
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2411-3387	ISBN	9783923704804	Medium
	Track	Emergency Management Information Systems	Expedition		Conference	10th International ISCRAM Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	790
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